If redemption is a thread going through the entire Bible, it is the wisdom of God to find out where that thread started, and what seed truth surrounds that first occurrence.  In doing so, we peer into God’s heart to understand this love story that is patient that all would have their names written in the book of life, and thus have entrance into God’s glorious city.

Gen 3:6-7
. . .he took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loin coverings. NASU

The need for redemption starts here, in Genesis 3:6,7. Take your first notes here. The thought of nakedness is what happens  immediately after disobedience. Compare Rev 16:15-16 (“Blessed is the one who stays awake and keeps his clothes, so that he will not walk about naked and men will not see his shame.”) And they gathered them together to the place which in Hebrew is called Har-Magedon. As God closes the plan of redemption, and draws men to the Har-Magedon, He reminds us of where this all began, and that nakedness had to be dealt with.

The second note to make in Genesis 3:6,7 is man’s response to being unclothed: he took from the earth, and in his own effort covered his nakedness. Religion is man’s attempt to deal with nakedness through works, and through the law. But, in the end, what comes from the earth will be dust, and has no redemption ability.

Gen 3:17-19
Cursed is the ground because of you;
In toil you will eat of it
All the days of your life.
18 “Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you;
And you will eat the plants of the field;
19 By the sweat of your face
You will eat bread,
Till you return to the ground,
Because from it you were taken;
For you are dust,
And to dust you shall return.” NASU

The ground is cursed and thus fig leaves and vegetation can never redeem man. There is only one acceptable vegetation: Jesus the tree of Life, who is the root of Jesse, and called the BRANCH. This vegetation was cut off from the land of living (ISA 53:8), and when grafted to it will produce fruit that remains throughout eternity.

First Instance of Redemption

Gen 3:21 The Lord God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.

Sometimes something in scripture can stare you in the face and because of its brevity you miss it. I knew this scripture passage well but one day I saw it: Genesis 3:21 is a very important scripture. It is God response to our nakedness. It is God’s start of the plan of redemption. God exchanges man’s vegetation and efforts to cloth himself with the only acceptable clothes: sacrifice. For it is here that God slays an animal, takes its skin, and cloths man through the spilling of blood. It is here that God acts out redemption. It is here that God prophesies that there will be a blood shed, a sacrifice given, that will cloth man eternally, and be the LAST sacrifice. Every animal slaughtered, and every drop of blood that spilled to the ground prophesied of that day on the cross. They pointed to it.

This next picture we see in redemption breaks forth from this seed truth. Cain and Abel contrast the picture of acceptable sacrifice further. Cain offers that which is from the earth, while Abel offer that  which cost a life–a life that pointed to the cross. The sacrifice of vegetation led to jealousy, and jealousy lead to murder. Ironically, the offering of blood leads to producing fruit, and the offering of vegetation to the works of the flesh.

Gal 3:26-28 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. NASU

The plan of redemption allows us to walk as a son of God, clothed with Him, and adorned with His radiant beauty. We see both bookends: on one side we see God covering Adam’s nakedness, and on the other end we find our true identity as the bride and city of God, joined to Jesus, and remaining clothed for eternity in Him. Our identity is in Him, and there is nothing more for Him to do. It is finished. The plan of redemption is complete. So what about our life after accepting redemption? Why do we seem naked at times, hiding ourselves from God? Why do we struggle to have faith? And, why do we find it hard to finish the race well? Many that preach the finished work message miss the most relevant message for us who are believers: the message of how to really walk.

2 Peter 1:2-11. . .seeing that His divine power has granted to us everything pertaining to life and godliness, through the true knowledge of Him who called us by His own glory and excellence.

For by these He has granted to us His precious and magnificent promises, so that by them you may become partakers of the divine nature. . .. Now for this very reason also, applying all diligence, in your faith supply moral excellence, and in your moral excellence, knowledge, and in your knowledge, self-control, and in your self-control, perseverance, and in your perseverance, godliness, and in your godliness, brotherly kindness, and in your brotherly kindness, love. For if these qualities are yours and are increasing, they render you neither useless nor unfruitful in the true knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. For he who lacks these qualities is blind or short-sighted, having forgotten his purification from his former sins. Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble;  NASU

Redemption is not just about our entrance into the city of God. It is also about our walking in way that we are Jesus’ pleasure on this earth. We are to walk pleasing Him. We are to practice diligence, moral excellence, God’s knowledge, self-control, perseverance, godliness, brotherly kindness, and love. All through the New Testament we see that not only our identity in the finished work of redemption defines us, but also what we do with that redemption. None of these qualities are done through vegetation, as with Adam. They are done because grace is supplied, and everything pertaining to His divine nature and promises have been granted to us.  We have a body like Adam’s, but we have a treasure inside. It is up to us whether we make use of the treasure. It is up to us to choose to walk and stay diligent. If all I have done is received the gift of redemption, understanding my identity in the finished work, yet not truly walk as one who is from a different kingdom, I am not guaranteed not to stumble.

I choose to practice these things because of His redemption. I choose to have mercy on myself when I do stumble. And, I choose to be able to say that this year I will walk in a more mature way than last year. We are a people called and chosen to be the New Jerusalem. We need to walk like we are now residents of that great city.

January 8, 2012

John Robert Lucas

http://templebuildersministry.com

I consider myself a grace minister, and a minister of the finished work of Christ. Other ministers calling themselves grace and finished work ministers are now spreading a bit of leaven with this message in a way that we must differentiate the error.

So, what am I seeing that is causing the most recent stir: an article “3 Reasons Why I Don’t Preach on Repentance” by Paul Ellis.

Mr. Ellis takes the approach in his article that he is the new order of grace ministry and those teaching contrary are religious. His argument is that unbelievers and Christians should not turn from sin. Yep, that is the new grace teaching. Repentenace now means changing your mind. Which is somewhat semantics, because if you turn from sin, you have changed your mind about sin.

The new doctrine, along with similar new grace doctrines, creates a new splinter in the church that all who teach repentence are religious, acting under law. But, the author fails proper principles of interpretation in his analysis. Quoting from the article, these are the statements made by this new grace doctrine:

1. Repentence put people under law
2. It does not lead people to salvation
3. We’re called to preach the gospel, not repentance

Much of this article is semantic language issues where the author claims to be interpreting the literal meaning of the Greek word better than how the religious use it. The issue is that a concordance search on New Testament repentance is established by context. Simply read in Revelation where Jesus is calling Christians to repent from the wicked that they are doing. Sure, they were changing their mind, but Jesus is calling the church to TURN THEIR BACKS on sin. Sorry, if that is law, then Jesus is instituting some form of law as well as grace.

Many who have been born again TURNED FROM THE SIN of the old man as they made that initial decision. Along with receiving the message of truth, which was born in their heart, they are saved. This is not to be contested. The Spirit led them to turn from sin, and no grace teaching can take this away. Alternatively, Christians at times must turn away from sin as well. They need to turn ther back on it with a decision, and hold fast with discipline. It is the grace of Jesus that shows us the sin, helps us to make the decision, helps us to turn our back on it, and then that same grace keeps us free. See. . .grace is intertwined with repentence.

The grace ministers are moving towards a doctrine that diminishes Christian responsibility and discipline, calling them law, and those that teach them the religious. But in the end, their followers will not attain the life in the Spirit without these vital elements of our life. Sure, it would be great to do whatever we want, whenever we want, with whomever we want, but in the end it is death–death because we are not WALKING with Jesus in close union.

The true grace and finished work message has to help you WALK in the Spirit, in the Light, in His ways, in such a way you walk free, you walk outpouring fruit and gifts, and reflect Jesus, who is our grace. Grace can itself become law.

Why are the grace ministers doing this? They want to lighten the load on weighed down Christians. Christians tend to self-impose doctrinal burdens on themselves to the poin they accomplish little. They are always sin-conscious, and they always feel guily because they are not fulfilling some scripture or Christian service. I get that. And you can amass a large audience with a grace gospel that calls everything law, those teaching it as religious, and since the cross is a finished work, take it easy on yourself.

Only that it was this easy. It is not. Living as a baby Christian in the outer courts of God may resemble that to some degree–that is–until the enemy attacks and you are not prepared to respond. But more so, when you enter into the courts of God, it gets better, and it gets harder. The mountains you are called to go up are higher, you have to sacrifice more of your precious personal time, you are introduced to new challenges that could have been avoided ny staying down the mountain, by staying out in the external courts. For those who dare to enter into the Holy of Holies, 100 fold, service to God, those experiences with God makes all that outer court activity look silly. But, just before you can get cocky, you are faced with giants never encountered. Then, you are brought to enemy manuvering that is beyond your ability to calculate. It is then the full measure of grace is at hand to give you His eyes to see the giant for what it really is, and to counteract all the tactics of the enemy with pure Wisdom.

As you see. These grace ministers are seeing fragments and are excited, yet confused. Who’s right? Well, Jesus of course. What message looks like Him? What doctrine has the savour of incense that satisfies the Father? What grace teaching resembles the wisdom that produces maturity?

Do not let man confuse you with silly semantics on words such as repentance.

I always ask why.

Why did the minister teach a message that strips away turning our backs on sin?

What was the real risk that those who turned their back on sin would have ended up being law-oriented pharisees?

I predict that we will continue to see grace type of articles like this more frequently, and those propogating them trying to create a following of people that feel like they are special because they believe it and the rest of Christiandom is religious.

John Robert Lucas

November 2011

http://templebuildersministry.com

http://johnrobertlucas.com

As you learn this set of principles, it will help you to discern better when you hear doctrinal controversies. The largest benefit I think you will notice is less confusion and more confidence to disagree with interpretations that do not bear witness, and that disregard God’s principles and ways.

We live in a day when teachers are circulating interpretations such as no literal hell/lake of fire, that the church is not the bride, the gifts of the Spirit and apostles and prophets are passed away, as well as countless other errors. I have seen so many teachers play twister with the scriptures that it is pointless to debate such issues. (debating almost never produces fruit). The good news for the student is that God gave us the Holy Spirit to lead us in God principles, enabling us to be priests instead of having to rely on others to give us understanding.

Instead of seeking others’ opinions on the scripture, it is time for the church to rise up as a nation of priests and rightly handle and divide God’s word. The reason many teachers do not teach that you are to interpret is that they do not trust the people with scripture. They think they know better. This is not too dissimilar to the Catholic church of the middle ages.

Context Principle

Context principle is any interpretation of any verse that is determined with consideration of its context, either verse, or passage, or testament context. For instance, I CORINTHIANS 1:10 sets a context of addressing divisions in the church where each person follows their favorite teacher, creating divisions. This context threads throughout 1 CORINTHIANS, so you must keep it in mind as you read through the whole book.

Here is something to noodle on, though. There are no absolutes for some context interpretations. If you look at how an OT scripture was referred to in the NT, you will scratch your head in how it was interpreted. All you have to do is look at scriptures in Isaiah prophesying about Jesus. But as a general rule, the context principle holds up. This is why the Spirit must be your Revealer!

First Mention Principle

The first time a specific word, concept, or topic is mentioned in scripture. Often, the first mention gives a truth in seed form. For example, if we want to understand the symbolism of thunder in the Book of Revelation, we would analyze the first time thunder is mentioned in the Old Testament. Sometimes, you have to lookup the original Hebrew word, not the translated word.

Another example: the first time a sacrifice was when God made garments of skin for Adam and Eve, clothing them. To get those skins, an animal was sacrified to cloth man’s nakedness. REDEMPTION STARTS HERE!

The first mention principle is also more relegated to how it is used more than a word itself. So the word “redemption” is not mentioned when God sacrificed and provided garments of skin, but it is the first mention principle of redemption. God responds to our sin and nakedness by sacrificing, and then by clothing us with that sacrifice. A seed truth such as this starts the thread that weaves throughout scripture. Without this thread, man is blinded to the meaning of scripture.

When interpreting, if you understand the principle of first mention, allowing the Spirit to guide you into truth, you will start seeing these obscure nuggets for yourself. The scripture I gave you above was revealed to me by the Spirit. I had never heard it taught. I saw it by understanding interpretation combined with the Spirit unveiling it to me. You may be the first person on this planet receiving by the Spirit a certain interpretation! Why, because the Spirit chooses the unveiling, not man. The Spirit also picks the season in which something may be disclosed. In the end times, the Spirit is unveiling mysteries in scripture that have been hidden since penned.

Comparative Principle

The comparative principle interprets by comparing scripture with other scripture. By itself, a scripture can be hard to understand, be taught in an imbalanced way, or interpreted incorrectly. For instance, if we focused only on scriptures about our salvation and God’s finished work on the cross, we would never understand Christian responsibility and God’s goal for us to ACT righteous. Surely, we are the righteousness of God in Christ, but we also have to progress to live it. We have to work out this salvation not just receive it.

A scripture verse never lives alone. Even a Book such as Revelation does not live alone. You must compare Revelation with hundreds of verses in the Old and New Testament, lest you stay confused.

Using tools such as the Englishman’s Concordance assists with this principle by understanding the usage of a very specific Greek or Hebrew word. You are comparing the use of a word in each instance it is used. For example, if we do a Englishman’s search of the KJV word Comforter, we see that it really is not the function of comforting that is defined, it is the function of the Spirit being our advocate, our mediator between us and God for the things of God. If you just searched the word comforter, you would miss this rich truth of the Spirit’s role of disclosing to you as the mediator of truth.

Progressive Revelation Principle

For example, once you understand the Feast of Passover, you can then go on to understand Pentecost and Tabernacle Feasts. God reveals scriptures progressively, building on a firm foundation and constantly building a temple of His wisdom and knowledge on top. Additionally, you must experience these feasts for yourself. If you have not experienced Passover, you cannot go on to Pentecost. If you do not experience Pentecost, you will not mature unto the Tabernacle harvest properly.

A personal example: When I finally understood that the Holy Spirit would ACTIVELY be my Teacher in relationship, I was able to progress to understand the many facets of the Person of Jesus. It was like going from single dimension to multidimensional. As well, when you understand the Old Testament types and symbols, you are enabled to understand the Book of Revelation. If you try to interpret Revelation without the Old Testament, you will end up with very goofy doctrines, which is why today most end time theology has little semblance to truth. But the Spirit is in the process of aligning the hungry with truth that resembles the mind of Christ.

One thing: we are building a temple that must start with good foundations. Let the Wise Architect and Builder direct you in the building activities. Let ministers be used to give you inputs, but the Great Architect must filter all those inputs as to what He wants built, where He wants the materials to be placed, and when He wants it built.

Complete Mention Principle

We have to consider ALL direct references to the topic or concept we are studying. By gathering together all the fragments and combining them, we will see a more complete picture of what God is teaching us. 

In a message I wrote called the The 7 Thunders, I found every scripture relating to “thunder” and brought them together. What I discovered blew me away. I did this through a prompting of the Spirit and did not realize that there was a pattern that could only be establish once you brought all the mentions of thunder together.

Christ-centric Principle

This principle of interpretation shows that Jesus is the central Person of the Bible. He is the hub of the wheel of truth. All truth are spokes that relate to Him. The written word revolves around Him Who is the living Word. Scripture is a mere signpost that is not the destination. Jesus is the destination.

For example, the entire Tabernacle of Moses represents the Person of Jesus. Jesus is the brazen altar, yet also the sacrifice. He is the lampstand that is made of one piece of beaten gold that represents deity that would once day suffer a the hands of man, yet He is also the Light of the world. Jesus is the central theme of the Tabernacle. It is Christ-centric.

Ps 40:7 Then said I, Behold, I come; in the volume of the book it is written of me; AMP …The Bible is not for scholars, it for for those who seek to know Jesus Christ and His ways.

Another example: you have to look at the Book of Revelation as “The revelation of Jesus”, not a book about end times. There is a difference. The book of Revelation is all about Him, and those in Him. Some try to interpret it event by event. They will never figure it out. When you unveil Jesus, you are disclosing His plans and purposes for His people, and then you are disclosing His final culmination of these plans.

Mining Principle

If you read scriptures at surface value, you can miss truth God hides from the casual inquirer. You have to dig for God’s gems, and that is an important part of interpreting scriptures. If you assume that the full meaning can be scraped from the top, you will miss God’s detailed truth.

One of the things I invested in years ago and still use is the PC Study Bible. These types of tools accelerate our ability to mine information from a collection of different Bible versions, Bible dictionaries, and language tools. For instance, if I need to drill down on a specific Greek word, the Englishman’s Concordance can help me locate everywhere that Greek word is used. Or, I can use the Interlinear Bible version to see each English word ands its Greek/Hebrew counterpart. Then I can double click and see each definition in the original language.

Numbers Principle

Coincidences are not the way of God in scriptures. Numbers communicate what God is doing. For instance, 1=God/unity, 2=agreement / division, 3=Godhead / complete testimony, 5=God’s ability, such as grace, power, and gifts, 7=perfection / completion, etc.. Simply start observing numbers as you study.

One way to learn a number’s significance is by looking at how they are used in the Tabernacle of Moses and the Feasts of Israel. So, if we look at the last day of the Feast of Tabernacles week, and the following day of Solemn Assembly, the number 7 and 8 are significant days to God, as well as the 21st and 22nd day of the month. Figure out what occurs on those days and that helps you to define their importance throughout scripture. 

Other Examples:

• 3 courts in the Tabernacle of Moses
• 7 pieces of furniture in the Tabernacle of Moses
• 3 Feasts of Israel
• 7 events in the Feasts of Israel
• 3 days in the tomb and then Jesus’ resurrection
• 7 days in a week, with the 7th day as a sabbath
• 5 gifts of ministry in Ephesians
• 50th year is the year of jubilee (all debts erased)
• 8 is new beginnings

Symbolic Principle

God uses one thing to represent another. Discerning and discovering links between a biblical symbol and the target thing God wants us to understand enables us to interpret many scriptures that are currently a puzzle to us.

For instance, the incense that is burned in the tabernacle or temple are symbols for the prayers and intercession of the saints of God. The thunder of God represents the voice of God. Something He is saying. Sometimes the thunder has great meaning but we it means nothing to those who do not have ears to hear the voice residing inside. 

Most of us understand the symbol principle well because we use it even in our jobs. However, some things in scripture to not appear like they would be a symbol—but they are. For instance, the water in the Brazen Laver is a symbol for the washing of the water of God’s word. But, it is also a symbol for the word of grace that has ability to makes us walk as God’s priests. Some symbols can slip by you.

Typical Principle

Prophetic foreshadowings of something to come. A type is an anticipative figure or prophetic symbol. For instance, the Feast of Passover was a type of the cross. The Feast of Tabernacles is directly linked to the Book of Revelation. If one sets to interpret Revelation and has not studied the Feast of Tabernacles, they are missing an entire type needed to rightly divide God’s word. Most end time theology books sitting on Christian bookstore shelves are written by authors who have never even read the Feast of Tabernacles, and many who have no clue that this Feast directly relates to understanding Revelation.

Recently, I heard a minister say the church is NOT the bride of Christ. When you destroy a type, you obscure God’s plan for the end days. As well, you remove God’s picture of intimacy of Jesus with His people. Once you destroy a type, it starts having a domino effect on how you interpret other scriptures.

Types can be an Old Testament person, place, event, function, nation, or a story. Sometimes there is a blending of a symbol and a type. A type is a symbol that prophesies. As well, symbols tend to be component of a compete typical truth that God is teaching. For instance, the Tabernacle of Moses has several symbols that speak of the prophetic cross. Even the encampment and furniture layout were symbols that, when combined, pictures the future cross of Jesus.

Types and symbols are also synonymous with analogies, metaphors, patterns, parables, figures, and other representations.

Plural Meaning Principle

This is an interpretation principle that will keep you sober in handling scripture. This principle I call the “plural meaning principle.” This simply means that God provides multiple interpretations for one scripture. It is wise to first interpret a scripture in its strictest sense first. Then the Holy Spirit may lead you to make that scripture applicable in your life NOW.

An example of interpreting a passage in the strictest sense would be when Paul discussed practices in church gathering that strictly relate to a certain situation, in a specific geographic region, in a definite point in time. We should understand what Paul was trying to say when he corrected or encouraged the church on a given matter. However, its application would cause error if we were to apply Paul’s admonishment literally in our own situation. Most of us know better. However, the Spirit still has a plural meaning that is applicable to you for this week’s dealings in the Lord. You must allow this principle to SPEAK.

Another good example of where we see errors is when someone interprets the Sermon on the Mount as being an old covenant sermon that is NOT applicable to new covenant Christians. The Sermon shows the futility of us being good enough to be righteous. However, there is still applicability for the Holy Spirit to instruct you in walking out righteousness. God does not want you to walk in law, but we need to understand what pleased Jesus then, which will also please Him now. The difference is that we rely on the enablement of the Spirit to please Him, not works or self-empowerment.

In other cases, a scripture may have been fulfilled in Jesus’ first coming yet has fulfillment left in the last days. In the Old Testament, we see a blending of a prophetic event that was fulfilled in the dark days around 70 a.d., when Israel was destroyed by sectarianism and division from within, where bands of robbers were held hostage most of Jerusalem, defiling the temple, raping the women, with famine that caused them to eat their own—literally. Many cried out that they would rather have the Romans destroy them then to bear those dark days any longer. However, you can really understand that these same scriptures are fulfilled in that ancient day yet also point to another dark day. (Matthew 24 can be very prophetic of that period in 70 ad, yet points also to the last day)

Another example is the wheat and the tares, which should be interpreted in its strictest sense as a an end day event. However, you can apply the scripture to your own heart that has a mixture of bitter and sweet water. Some teachers interpret in the strictest sense and miss a picture of the dealings of God within our heart. Most of us who have progressed have a duality in our lives of things that please Jesus, the wheat, and we have things that displease Jesus, the tares. When the Spirit deals with us, He is uprooting the tares, but many times He allows them to grow together and mature first. This is a way of the Lord that is beyond our understanding, but many who are mature in the Lord can testify of areas that they are very mature in, but also areas that seem to have gotten worse. Spiritual pride could certainly be something that is much worse now then when you were born again.

Moral Principle

The Moral principle relates to interpreting scriptures to gain practical lessons or principles that you can apply to your life. Some scripture is practical by simply reading at face value, but others require that you are taught be the Spirit.

‎1 Cor 2:10 Yet to us God has unveiled and revealed them by and through His Spirit, for the Spirit searches diligently, exploring and examining everything, even sounding the profound and bottomless things of God. AMP

Principle of Race

Some principles of interpretation are tougher than others. This principle has to do with God’s purpose in the nations, whether Hebrew, Gentile, or of God’s new covenant people. This was controversial in Paul’s day to the point where we have the letters of Romans and Galatians laboring to resolve it. Even today, we see verses that scholars assign to natural Israel ONLY, and other scholars assigning the same scripture to spiritual Israel ONLY.

If you recall the “plural meaning principle”, this principle allows room for a single scripture to refer to both natural Israel and spiritual Israel. There are no easy answers to solve this principle. you have to rely heavily on context principle. But, if a teacher is excluding you, who are the church, from a promise, it it likely that the scripture also includes spiritual Israel, which is another name for the church.

Even as Jesus has many names to describe His Person, the church also has many names to describe who she is, and what her destiny is.

Extra Biblical Sources

When forming doctrine, be careful in using extra-biblical material. One teacher recently quoted from the Talmud, a Jewish source, to describe Passover. He never told the people that it was from the Talmud, which led many to think that the Bible OT Law actually had these traditions. Use extra-biblical sources only when it aligns with scripture, and is more of a confirmation. And always tell people the source.

Also, dreams and visions fall under this category. Dreams and visions should not be a primary source of doctrine. That is not its purpose. I recall a fellow years ago who published a book about his experience of going to heaven. He described what the throne room looked like, what the plants looked like, etc.. Some formed doctrine of what heaven looks like, which is not the purpose of visions. God told you all you need to know about heaven in scripture. Do not seek answers for things that God is not disclosing to you through scripture. There is enough in scripture to speak volumes. More than any of us could handle in a lifetime. Seeking things like what is heaven like, what do angels look like, or what kind kind of life does God have in other parts of the Universe, is a rejection of the Spirit of Truth’s role and whose job it is to disclose truth through scripture. at least for those areas of understanding.

One good extra-biblical source, though, is Josephus’ War of the Jews. It is a detailed account of the time that Jesus prophesied about in 68-70 ad. After reading it, I was amazed at how dark those days were.

“And Jesus went out from the temple, and was going on his way; and his disciples came to him to show him the buildings of the temple. But he answered and said unto them, ‘You see all of these things, do you not? Truly I say unto you, there shall not be left here one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down’” (Matthew 24:1-2).

If you go through the “War of the Jews”, you will see all the events surrounding this, including temple defilement, the sects, and much worse.

Extra Credit

If you made it this far, my thinking is that you are certainly hungry to understand the ways of God and are willing to digest some meat to get there. The following is extra meat for those who want more.

Handling False Doctrine

How do I handle when a minister teaches a doctrine such as “no literal hell?” The principles of interpretation can really help you here because you have to totally destroy a lot of principles to arrive at such conclusions such as these false teachers have. The “Complete Mention” and “Context” principles are the main ones being violated for this doctrine. For instance, you have to disregard the lake of fire in Revelation. That’s tough since the Lake of Fire can almost stand alone in interpreting a literal hell.

The one thing that is helpful in all of this is to determine what doctrines should be a point of separation with your brethren. If, lets say that your brethren does not believe in the gift of tongues, that is fine. If they believe that it is a gift from the devil, you now have an issue. If they get dogmatic and argumentative, that tends to be a place of separation, too. We just need to be careful that we are not the ones cause unneeded separation.

Similitudes

God speaks in similitudes: A person or thing that resembles its counterpart. E.g., Jesus the Priest, Who bears the likeness of Melchizedek.

Heb 7:14-15 For it is obvious that our Lord sprang from the tribe of Judah, and Moses mentioned nothing about priests in connection with that tribe. And this becomes more plainly evident when another Priest arises Who bears the likeness of Melchizedek, [Ps 110:4.] AMP

Melchizedek represents an eternal priesthood. So, if the saints are a nation of priests, are they a priesthood out of Melchizedek or Levi?

Figures

God speaks in figures: The form or shape that represents something. E.g., water baptism is a figure of Noah being saved by water.

1 Peter 3:20-21 …building of the ark in which a few [people], actually eight in number, were saved through water. And baptism, which is a figure [of their deliverance], does now also save you…

Also notice that 8 were saved in the ark. We had said earlier that 8 represents new beginnings.

Types

God speaks in types: A thing that represents the characteristics of something else. Adam was a type of Jesus, but in reverse. one death; One life.

Rom 5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the offense of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come. NASU

The passage continues to contrast the power of iniquity and its death that Adam spread compared to the gift, grace, and justification that Jesus brings, producing life. This is a good example of a “type”. The characteristics of what Adam brought compared to what Jesus brought.

In ISAIAH 62 it says “For the LORD delights in you, and to Him your land will be married…and as the bridegroom rejoices over the bride, So your God will rejoice over you.” So, this is an example where a bride is a TYPE of God’s people.

Some eliminate the Old Testament for comparing scripture with scripture. However, if you do that, you will be missing a ton of types that are needed to properly interpret most of Revelation and end time prophecy, as well as understanding who you are in Christ. If Isaiah indicates that you are as a bride and that Jesus rejoices over you, you can attach faith to that scripture.

When you establish a type, it is not always categorical. A type can be one or many characteristics, not all characteristics. The Isaiah scripture about a “bride” is a characteristic of the pleasure that Jesus takes with His people. In the New Testament, 2 COR establishes a different characteristic of the bride: “I have espoused you to one Husband.” Paul forms in our mind a type of us as a chaste virgin bride being espoused to Jesus. So now we have 2 characteristics of us as a type of a bride, as well as an action of betrothal in marriage.

John the Baptist establishes the Bridegroom and bride relationship. “He who has the bride is the bridegroom; but the groomsman who stands by and listens to him rejoices greatly and heartily on account of the bridegroom’s voice. This then is my pleasure and joy, and it is now complete. AMP” We learn a couple of things here: The Bridegroom HAS the bride–she belongs to Him, and that John is as a groomsman that introduces these two parties. Again, this builds on us being a type of a bride.

Using TYPES we can form a doctrine. In the example we have been using, we formed a doctrine through interpreting scripture of Jesus as a Bridegroom and Husband, and the church as His bride and wife. When we add to the doctrine Ephesians chapter 5, we have the characteristic of how natural husbands should love their wives like Jesus loves us. Again, we have strengthened the doctrine through a TYPE of one thing representing another thing.

If you can now see that scripture teaches that you are as a bride, you can now start applying other scriptures to build on the foundation. For instance, Isaac’s bride Rebekah is a journey of a bride. If you read the story as Rebekah as a TYPE of the bride, and Isaac as the Bridegroom, it will change the whole way you look at the story. You will see it in a new light of revelation. Then go to all the other pictures of brides in scripture such as Ruth and Boaz, and now you even see an end day picture of a people who are not just a body, but also possessing characteristics of a bride and wife joined to her Head, the Bridegroom. As well, Ruth was a gentile bride, which is a picture of the gentile church being included as the bride.

Shadows

God speaks in shadows: a faint representation. E.g., Col 2…festival or…Sabbath day, things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Christ. NASU

Shadows are usually prophetic of something.

Something can be a symbol AND a shadow, a faint representation that does not have the substance. The Tabernacle of Moses was a type of Jesus, but also prophesied. Every time the priest slaughtered a lamb, it prophesied of the coming Lamb of God. Every time the blood of the Lamb dripped to the earth, it prophesied of a day when Jesus would redeem a people from the cursed ground, who were destined for dust but given an inheritance instead.

Heb 10:1 For the Law, since it has only a shadow of the good things to come and not the very form of things NASU

Patterns

God speaks in patterns: A blueprint or model to be imitated; a model that is original and the first of its kind for the purpose of being copied.

Heb 8:2-6 A minister in the…true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, not man. For every high priest is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices; so it is necessary that this high priest also have something to offer. Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are those who offer the gifts according to the Law; who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “SEE,” He says, “THAT YOU MAKE all things ACCORDING TO THE PATTERN WHICH WAS SHOWN YOU ON THE MOUNTAIN.” NASU

1 Chron 28:19 “All this,” said David, “the Lord made me understand in writing by His hand upon me, all the details of this pattern.” NASU

Building the tabernacle according to the details of the pattern or blueprint was very important to God. To build improperly was to misalign the type and shadows that pointed to Jesus. For those who think that doctrine is not important, it is the difference between building according to the pattern, or building from another blueprint.

EZEKIEL 43:10–11 Thou son of man, show the house (temple) to the house of Israel, that they may be ashamed of their iniquities: and let them measure the pattern. If they are ashamed of all that they have done, make known to them the design of the house, its structure, its exits, its entrances, all its designs…And write it in their sight, so that they may observe its whole design and all its statutes and do them.

Allegories

God speaks in allegories: A comparison given through many details. A symbolic narrative presenting an abstract or spiritual meaning.

Gal 4:22-27 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the bondwoman and one by the free woman. But the son by the bondwoman was born according to the flesh, and the son by the free woman through the promise. This is allegorically speaking, for these women are two covenants: one proceeding from Mount Sinai bearing children who are to be slaves; she is Hagar. Now this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free; she is our mother. NASU

Paul takes a story in Genesis and interprets it in a way never thought of before. He uses the narrative story as an allegory, and then he applies types and shadows to it. This illustrates for us the difference between law and grace.

Using the context principle we discussed earlier, you also understand that Paul is speaking to Christians who were deserting him for another gospel–the gospel of law. Paul uses this allegory to show Christians that they are acting like Hagar, when in fact they are the free woman.

Riddles

God speaks in riddles: Ezek 17:1-2 Now the word of the Lord came to me saying, “Son of man, propound a riddle and speak a parable to the house of Israel”

Ezekiel describes the riddle in the following verses in chapter 17. It is very possible that this riddle follows the principle of multiple meanings: one that relates to Nebuchadnezzar, and another that is prophetic.

Mysteries

God speaks in mysteries: Truth that can only be know through revelation by the Spirit. It is truth that is hid, to be revealed to those with eyes to see.

1 Cor 2:7 but we speak God’s wisdom in a mystery, the hidden wisdom NASU

Eph 1:8-9 In all wisdom and insight He made known to us the mystery of His will NASU

Eph 5:31-33 FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS FATHER AND MOTHER AND SHALL BE JOINED TO HIS WIFE, AND THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH. This mystery is great; but I am speaking with reference to Christ and the church. NASU

To see His mysteries, we must spiritually discern them. We must see the Son! These mysteries, these secrets, are hid in Christ. Every mystery the Father reveals is simply an unveiling of Jesus to us in a personal relationship. All the plans of the Father are in the Son.

Some folks look at reading the word and praying as 2 separate activities. The are not. You need to be very prayerful as you read the word. Prayerfully read! Let the Spirit guide what topic you read. I have even flipped through the Bible until I landed on a page that I felt the Holy Spirit stirring. In those times, I end up seeing things in scripture that I had no clue what they meant.

Conclusion

In the past week we have cover many of the principles and examples of interpreting scripture. In the Old Testament, interpreting scriptures was an activity for scribes. Even in the church age, many priests and ministers set themselves as the interpreter of scriptures to the people. I think if we are truly transparent, many of us will admit even today we do this. How many of us have to consult a commentary, or buy the newest book by a famous, trusted author, or trust that our pastor is handling the word of truth correctly?

My career is in business intelligence and consulting, yet that does not diminish my ability to have faith in the Holy Spirit as my Teacher, or to learn the principles of interpretation, or to sit down and read, study, tear apart, and analyze scripture. As well, the Holy Spirit is more than capable of accomplishing more in 1 hour as our Teacher, in the word, than us reading several books written by men. If we have to trust men for our manna, we will limit ourselves from reaching our highest call in Him.

God gave ministry gifts to equip. That means you are helped by ministry to get the manna for yourself, to receive fresh revelation and oil for yourself, and figure out truth about any doctrine with confidence, receiving God’s stamp of approval.

Many ministers teach only what they have heard from someone else. Many times we are receiving stale truth because of this. Sometimes, we have been passed a wrong interpretation from generation to generation, and we just sit in a pew and accept it. We don’t challenge it. We don’t analyze the doctrine. We do not use common sense that the Spirit provides us for discernment. We just sit and agree.

I challenge the church to rise up to a boldness to be a nation of priests. To approach God’s word with freshness, as if you have never read it. To integrate prayer and meditating on the word as one activity. To not accept the status quo of doctrine and apologetics.

Maybe God is only revealing things that are relevant in your immediate life. That is great. Maybe you start off with God enabling you to sort out the mess of confusion and conflicting doctrines. That is a huge milestone if that is the case. But, lets do all that we can to go through scripture, allowing God to reveal the mysteries that we have never seen. Let’s trust God to give us eyes to see and ears to hear, operating in both His wisdom and understanding. Let’s decode by the Spirit scriptures that are a puzzle, a riddle.

Heresies have always been among us. They will continue, some minor, but some that divide the body. In all, they spread confusion, and many stop serving God because of them. If you rise up to this challenge, you will be the deep well in the barren desert. You will be the long arm of salvation able to reach down and save others from falling. You will be the one that sets free those in bondage, even torment, from deceivers abroad.

The question is: are we willing to pay the price to be God’s interpreter of truth in this day?

John Robert Lucas: http://johnrobertlucas.com

Temple Builders Ministry: http://templebuildersministry.com

My Facebook Page: http://facebook.com/templebuildersministry

November 2011

Occasionally, the Lord will give me a clear word—a word that I am usually not too pleased to get, “Step it up son.” This means He is pushing me up to the next level of the mountain, when I was comfortable at the altitude that I had already attained. For all of us, there is a time in our walk where God urges us up to the next level. We can resist, and many times life will go on as normal, as if nothing happened. The one thing you can count on is, if you are walking close to Jesus, you will not escape a push, whether gentle prompting or forceful compelling, to come up higher.

Recently, my cardiologist strongly suggested I give up caffeine. I took the advice of the doctor and decided to give up caffeine. To get to the next level of good health for me, this was needed. But the doctor’s advice would be ignored except that I DECIDED. Where you are today is a result of many decisions—even daily decisions—that you have made over the course of your life. These include good and bad decisions.

Luke 14:28-30: For which one of you, when he wants to build a tower, does not first sit down and calculate the cost to see if he has enough to complete it?  “Otherwise, when he has laid a foundation and is not able to finish, all who observe it begin to ridicule him, saying, ‘This man began to build and was not able to finish. NASU

When God urges your to the next level, your response should be a decision. With decision comes commitment. Since there are different levels of decisions, we should count the cost. Without counting the costs, we will have a well-meaning but short-lived decision.

Getting to the next level with God may not be as easy as something tangible such as giving up caffeine. It is not unusual for the Lord to ask you to follow the initial decision with even more hard choices—choices such as giving up a hindrance, sacrificing your free time, or laboring harder in His kingdom. As a project manager, I accept new projects that take me out of what I am comfortable doing. To step it up means I have to deliver skills and capability to meet the new demand. In God’s kingdom, you are always being prepared for a new demand, a new task that God is assigning you, and change is always in your future.

We are living in a day—a day of preparation—a day preparing us for THE day of the Lord. It is not trivial, and what is ahead is much more grueling than most Christians  envision. There are those suffering in a pit, about to perish, and God is placing them directly in your path. If we refuse to make the decision to come up, we will be impotent when we arrive at that place where we are needed to rescue. Instead, we will not know how to react, how to hold out the hand of Jesus.

We may think that God will magically give us supernatural abilities in that moment, but we would be wrong in that thinking. The scripture and the Holy Spirit were sent to you for preparation and maturing. Peter was mightily used in Acts Chapter 2. But God kept preparing him. . .it is a process that never stops. He is always dealing with you. It is your heart He is after, and when He gets it, He can flow through you to REACH THE WORLD!

Discipline

If making a decision isn’t hard enough, now comes discipline, the part of serving God that balances law versus grace, sets free for some and puts others in bondage, and causes many to simply stop serving God well.

If I made a decision to give up caffeine, I must have discipline or the decision is useless. The discipline starts early in the morning when I am semi-comatose, trying to regain some kind of consciousness in the world. My body yells out, “strong caffeinated coffee”. There is only one thing standing in the way of that craving that was formed over 35 years: discipline. For me, it is not just saying no, it is replacing that coffee with another hot beverage. I had to show my body who was really king in the situation.

When God speaks to you about coming up higher, He is usually targeting one area. Instead of me giving up every bad thing I put in my body, I am dealing with the one: caffeine. In your walk, He may be saying it is time to use that gift that you have had on the shelf. No doubt, there are those with all kinds of creative gifts that use them for the world system, if at all. He is calling those to come up higher with the gift. In this example, you focus on making a decision to come up higher with that gift, and then discipline to do what it takes to fulfill the call of God.

Sometimes, God will call you to a place of maturity that is drastically different than where you are walking today. I can tell you this: If you answer that call, the discipline will involve fellowship with Jesus and His body, passionate worship, and learning to listen to the Spirit as He unfolds scripture to you, even though your church may not believe that way. There is a boldness and confidence we must all have in our relationship with Him.

Discipline is not law or bondage. It is required. It is what we do in the world to be successful, and it is what God requires in the Spirit to be mature. Ultimately, anytime you do come up higher, you are walking as a maturing saint, not a stagnant saint.

Diet

In my book “Temple Builders: The High Calling,” there is a chapter called Sit at God’s Table. In that I describe diet in detail, but as it relates to coming up to the next level, diet is a critical component.

One of the things that holds us back is we get right the decision and discipline but are lacking a change in spiritual diet. I observed many years ago how certain camps of ministry, with very popular teachers, would have a following that acted and believed just like they did. Then observing both the teachers and followers many years later, they still acted and believed the same. . .maybe a little bit more battered, though. Why is this? One of the things that must come up higher is the inputs you receive, what you are feeding on. If you feed on your favorite ministers all the time, or ministers in that same circle, expect a very narrow range of understanding God’s ways. Contrastly, if the leaders you listen to are ones always going to the next level, your diet change is most likely fractional; you may need only a change in diet that aligns to the specifics of the NEW call to step it up. We  need a pragmatic approach to our diet, and totally spirit led, without hestitation or constraint.

What should you do then? Change your diet to suit what God is calling you up to. God is faithful to lead you to the right teacher or scripture if you truly hunger and are willing to forfeit immature thinking. If your ideas about scripture or God’s ways can no longer be challenged by the Holy Spirit, you will only get so far in the preparation process. So, what about if I serve Him with passion, doing great works, am I stagnant? My answer is: think what you could have become.

If you are willing to be that one, you may end up in the desert for years, but one day God will unveil you at the appointed time, even as God unveiled Jesus at the age of 30, not 29, to the world.

In managing new projects, the subject matter always changes. I could just manage a plan, but my preference is to understand the subject matter well so I can manage all the moving parts of the project and ask questions that no one else is asking. In the kingdom, it is not just about understanding the basics, or prayer and worship, it is about the subject matter. If God is preparing you for the day of the Lord, that is an important subject matter that He will at some time unfold to you, and I can tell you that most ministers have that subject matter wrong or obscured. Ask yourself this: what subject matter do you need to learn to get to that next level; what inputs are you missing; where are the gaps. Allow the Spirit to fill those gaps at any cost!

Conclusion

We live in a different day than our predecessors. But most Christians do not realize it. They are waiting for God to give them a pass on dealing with the harshness coming to the world. I prefer to go my merry way and focus on just my career and maintain a church-accepted lifestyle of reading the Word, prayer, and church attendance. But I am not wired that way, and my suspicion is that you are not either.

Are you being dealt with? Is He prompting you? Is He challenging you to come up hither? Maybe it is time. You can choose to remain the same and tomorrow may be normal. But is that what you really want? Isn’t our utmost desire to be a friend of Jesus, to be His pleasure on the Earth.

John Robert Lucas

October 29, 2011

http://templebuildersministry.com

Everything on the Jerusalem side of Kidron represents the kingdom of Light.  Everything on the other side is darkness, and is full of idols.

The word “Kidron” means, “dusk.”  Dusk is where light ends and darkness begins.  Shimei did not heed the sentence and died.

We must rid our life of idols and clean up our own Jerusalem, for we are eternal Jerusalem and Kidron is the dividing line!  Kidron is the dividing line where we DEAL WITH these idols in our heart.

Part of TRUE MINISTRY is about division. It shows you the idols, it contrasts the dark and the light. True ministry cuts our hearts with the blade of the High Priest Jesus. It spiritually exercises those idols from our life to be discarded in Kidron. True ministry must deal with Kidron, making God’s people a separated, holy people.

King Josiah is the only King of Israel that successfully ridded Israel of its idol. The present church is still awaiting a ministry as true as Josiah’s to rids the Lord’s church of its idols. True ministry, in this case, is a Joasiah type of ministry.

John Robert Lucas

August 2011

When you look at the business model changes of HP and Netflix of recent weeks, you see that they did the right thing in wanting to change a business model that was doomed to lose corporate revenue and profitability. What these 2 examples failed to consider is that change should be well thought out and must be truly strategic, with mapped out goals, and milestone achievement checkpoints. HP and Netflix haphazardly changed the course of their companies and cost one CEO his job, and the other having to make a public apology stating that he did not think properly strategize.

So—why should the church rethink anything? I mean. . .most churches have positive cash flow, they are happy with their Sunday morning activities, and, though the church may not be growing in numbers, contentment abounds. However, all of these make sense in religion but are illogical for the Jesus we serve. The Jesus we serve is not only about total abandonment, not knowing what to expect next from the Spirit’s prompting, but Jesus is building a church who will be the light of this world set on a hill—a bride joining with her Husband, and a people who bring down a glory from heaven through their walk—that all may know that they are the bondslaves of their Lord, bearing His mark.

There is a remnant of people in this day and in the church system who have a void, an aching, and even disappointment of what church is suppose to be. This remnant knows that things must change in our local churches if we are to achieve the VERY big plans God has reserved for us in the last days. I mean. . .look at our church services lately. . .do we really look like the glorious last day church?

The case study for me today is a church I went to in Wilkesboro, NC, this morning. This is a church and ministry that is always willing to shatter church paradigms. They are not afraid to be expressive in worship, be somewhat unstructured, and to let spontaneity reign. There are things I like about this church/ministry: they created a genre of their own progressive worship music. . .check. I have CDs of the guest worship leader, who also lives nearby in this rural foothills town…check. They are not afraid to be expressive in worship. . .check. They are trying to do church different. . .check. But it all falls apart from there for me.

My issue with this particular church gathering is as follows: Dancing at the altar is TOO expressive and pretty DISTRACTING to say the least—I really did not know the human body could move that way. Corporate worship was pretty non-existent, with teens on PDAs in the back, some adults on a couch next to the coffee shop in conversation, and disengaged people in rocking chairs in the back. Seems like dysfunction run amuck. So, I am game. . .what do you have in your changed paradigm?

The one thing I expected from this church was our local custom of general friendliness. But no, this church changed the paradigm with a new, man-made model that resulted in a people who cannot breakout to even do the simple things of greeting visitors, let alone create real relationships. Yep, they did the traditional service break to greet visitors and not one person greeted my lovely wife, 3 daughters, and our guest—even though they were close to the front and surrounded by church members. I have watched their worship leaders in the past and have always noticed that they stay to themselves and do not greet people they do not know. This is an oddity for our area and almost every local church. Again, a paradigm shifts but matters are even worse than the former state.

This brand of worship is progressive, and this music artist is somewhat famous, but our popularity on earth is never an indicator of our popularity in heaven. Worshipping with anointed songs and talent have nothing to do with how well we are building His church, though it will aid in that building. So, this church gets my vote for one of the unfriendliness church you can visit. Unfortunately, it is a prophetic type of church with music I have more of an affinity to than any other local church. Thus, the frustration with misguided men of God who do not understand the importance of people, and willing to put preference before edification.

I am an analyst by trade so it is normal for me to look back from a different perspective and see how we do church. If you lead worship and are unwilling to greet a visitor, or to create meaningful relationships with new church goers, then what are you really doing? The same can be said for any church leader.

We Need to Break Out

Companies that break out start by doing self-analysis. They hire consultants like me to assess their current state, and then provide them a future state with a roadmap on how to get here. Many companies are not looking for tweaking their current models, they look for overhauls. I am at a large company this week where a new executive officer was just hired and the first course of action was to assess, strategize, and then reorganize his entire staff. This is painful to their employees, but to achieve something that is great, and that breaks out—requires a shake up. I prophesy to the church that she needs a great shake up in how she does church.

As one who does an assessment, the first thing I do is look at the gaps. We call this a gap analysis. So where are the gaps in church? Well, as in business, we cannot list all of them so we relegate ourselves to prioritizing. So, the first thing off the list is our preferences. GOD REALLY DOES NOT CARE ABOUT YOUR PREFERENCES ANYWAYS. At least not in how we do church. So, how do we gap? When I go to a client, I first have to know well my set of best practices. We are always gapping what we know are best practices, a set of repeatable processes, and what we already know a company needs to do to be successful. On the other side of the gap we have the company’s deficiency; where they do not measure up.

When a company is on uncharted ground, we learn to be somewhat pragmatic. We know the company still has to achieve certain tangible goals, so we can take this high level strategy and drive it down to where they need to be. Rethinking church requires us to take a hard look of what we have done, are doing, and have plans to do, and taking a step back to see a bigger picture.

Another key ingredient is innovation. If all we do is use best practices, previous models of success, and historic practices, we are not truly bringing innovation to the church and our gatherings. We serve a creative, innovative God, and the church needs to flow in that attribute if they want to see measurable change.

Step 1: Make church relational

The case study earlier pretty much shattered this goals to pieces. Though they may have created affinities of like-minded folks, the lack of making visitors feel welcomed, or driving them off with odd contortions of dance, will thwart any success they hope to achieve. So, then, what are we really trying to achieve? Great welcome packages? Nope, that is not it, though it may be of help. Train better greeters? Certainly part of the strategy for larger churches. Have a service break where there is congregational hand-shaking and hugs. Yep, all of these things are helpful. The scripture say to not forsake the assembling; however, attending church and doing all these things does not mean you are fulfilling this scripture.

So where is the paradigm shift? Home groups? More church functions? We have done all of these for years and they do have great value. A home church that I use to attend did something that worked well for us: they ended what was a pretty typical service, but afterwards we spent Sunday afternoon together, always with a full lunch that served as many as 60 people. About 8 years later, they are now in a building church and keep that same church gathering model. The close relationships that were built here can be put in my portfolio of best practices to do this gap analysis. The one thing I know: this is the pattern and is repeatable. At other times and in other churches I had similar experiences using the same principle: after service, break bread! That means, you build relationships over the dinner table. Surely, you can go hiking or to museums, but eating is something you can do regular.

The second component is break out of comfort zones by training anyone who makes claims of leadership or Christian maturity to prove it–prove it by targeting someone you have no relationship with, and start conversation. 5-Fold ministry, church government leaders, and worship leaders are NEVER to be recluse or timid. There is no room for that type of immaturity going forward if we want a mature church. As others see good examples, this will breed the right kind of behaviour. If we are praising our ministers as being spiritual and they are not doing these things, we are wrong every time, and it send a poor message to the people on what “spiritual” means. Does it mean ministry talent? NEVER.

The third component is affinity. In the home church, most of us were homeschoolers, with kids about the same ages. Some have families of 10 kids. Because we are homeschoolers, too, there is a natural affinity. Natural affinities are an environment that create relationship deeper and quicker. This is a undeniable part of life. If you have certain spiritual affinities such as the same gifts, this is a part of building relationships. However, the risk is that the church becomes filled with cliques and everyone goes to their tight circle of friends. The way of God is that we have these close friends, but we are never reclusive or exclusive from the rest of the body.

There are realities dealing with affinities that are inputs into our strategy. Recently, one pastor wanted to do a pradigm shift by starting new relationship groups that would meet early Sunday morning, before service. It could be a good strategy except for two factors: (1) people will just view it has Sunday school becasue they are using teaching material, and will just skip and and attend the service. (2) They segmented the groups by age and nothing more. If your goal is to create relationships, affinity has to be a driver. For instance, I could build a relationship VERY quick with someone who is in the same specialized field, even though we may have little else in common. Or, when we were in home church, we were mostly homeschoolers. This is a strong affinity in the church and that is where most of my wife’s relationships have come from. One church we went to had homeschooling families. Unless there is another affinity to take that place, relationships will be difficult to build. Lastly, affinities can be built from spiritual aspects. If you are a prophet in the wilderness with a unique message and find someone else in the wilderness with that same message, you will bond very quick.

If you only attend Sunday morning service and hit the door as soon as you are dismissed, and this is your only interaction with the local church, you are wrong every time, and are surprisingly still forsaking the assembling of yourself together. If you are a leader who is ”wore out from the anointing” and do not see it as your duty to break out and create new relationships, you are wrong every time. The church of the future will be a church knit together in love from tightly built relationships.

Step 2: Bring Innovation to your Gathering

Part of most corporate strategies involve elements of innovation. Depending on the type of company, innovation might be the key driver of change. In a gap analysis of the church gathering, it is pretty easy to break down elements of the meeting: introduction, worship, announcements, offering, preaching, and altar call. I have seen lock boxes in the back replace the offering. Sometimes, other singing or acting elements can be added to the mix as well. The order is pretty consistent, and most services after attending for several weeks are predictable for the next 10 years or more. And many like it so.

Where Step 1 is mandatory, Step 2 needs for us to be pragmatic, evaluating each church’s situation. In the corporate world, I am tasked with developing a future or end state, and a roadmap to get here. It is always custom, tailored to each company. Sometimes a company wants us to use a cookie cutter approach to implement, but that is never feasible. There are elements of a strategy that are repeatable in every situation, but for the most part I use custom approaches.

Innovation is our goal for this step. When we break it down further, we might end up with these subset goals:

• Make services fresh where people can stay engaged throughout the service
• Create an environment where corporate worship strikes a balance of progressive and innovative, but not weird
• Assure that preaching and teaching meets the needs of new converts and mature Christians, who may have ministries of their own
• Find the right balance of structured and unstructured to provide innovation, but yet stay productive

With our example church in Wilkesboro, NC, they allow folks to hang out all over the building, eating, drinking, having conversations, using PDAs, dancing, and in rocking chairs far in the back. So, when we do assessments in the corporate world, we measure the results of the current state. Well, the outstanding characteristic for this church is unfriendliness. The course of action might be to disassemble the current model in lieu of a brand new model that encourages the right things. In this case, teaching Christian responsibility of making guests feel welcomed comes to mind.

If your church is stagnant and not growing in numbers, look at the elements in the service. Be bold. Form a strategy and execute to that strategy. Look at the worship first. Is it progressive, or is it top 40 stuff that wears people out frequently. Worship requires an influx of fresh music, regularly, to stay innovative. Also, picking from different camps of music may help. If all you are doing is Hillsong, how innovate are you if you are excluding the other 90% of worship songs?

Step 3: Put the Last Nail in the Coffin of the One Man Show

Scripture does not endorse a one man clergy system to run a church like a CEO. I do understand, though, that this is where we are, and most cannot change it in the near future. To be clear: A church is led by a team of elders operating in consensus. There are no one man shows. If you want to read further, let me point you to Frank Viola’s Reimagining Church: Pursuing the Dream of Organic Christianity . As far as the plurality of leadership in the church, Frank gets it rights and interprets the scriptures well. I had this revelation in a personal devotion, but Frank’s book was a good scriptural validation for me.

So, what do we do in the interim? If you are a current bishop or pastor, reading Frank Viola’s book will help. If you are in the congregation, just make sure that you view your main leader as one who is simply serving and using s gift. Enjoy the gift where God leads you to, and do not allow yourself to be coerced. So. . .would I start a church as a one man church? Yes, I might. But as a strategy I would transition it to a team of elders at some point. It is also scriptural for one to have a gift of Apostle and start a church then leave but maintain fatherly influence.

This is the last point and step to rethinking the church: we must bring the whole church model to the next level of equal and plurality of leadership, losing the focus of a one man church dominance. This also eliminates a slew of works of the flesh that breed from our current model such as nepotism, pastoral abuse, and proliferation of false doctrine, not to mention the slew of fallen pastors into sin such as drug abuse, sexual immorality, and adultery, which often leads to divorce. This is a model that is proven, and I have personally built eternal relationships through.

Conclusion

Most churches may be willing to do subtle changes to avoid attrition. Successful companies that are trending to high growth are doing so as a result of quick, radical change—a new paradigm. We need trail blazers. We need leaders with a new vision. We need church on a whole new level.

Step 1 is most important. Anyone and everyone can start achieving this now through invitations to lunch or dinner, or sticking around after service ends to have productive conversations. Take small steps now, then you can worry about how you will step up your game next month.

Hebrews 10:24,25: let us consider how to stimulate one another to love and good deeds, not forsaking our own assembling together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another; and all the more as you see the day drawing near.

Without the proper context, church attendance is a mere ritual.

In business strategy it is about what, where, and then how. What are we building? answer that question first and find concensus. Then figure out where we are at now. Many executives ask me to not pull any punches, be transparent, and do not be afraid to “call their baby ugly.”  THEY WANT CHANGE. Many pastors, however, rarely possess this type of courage.

HOW we implement the new model is so important because the details can throw your plan off the rails. For our earlier church example, they could have simply moved the altar dancing to the rear of the building. That way you encourage one goal, yet meet the goal of bringing in new folks, making them feel comfortable. In all, I suggest having an attitude of being pragmatic. Surely business is different than a church gathering, but what is the same is the principles of change and innovation.

John Robert Lucas

October 2011

Research at:

http://www.ReimaginingChurch.org (Frank Viola’s site that includes the entire “ReChurch” series of six volumes that all work together)

http://bible.org/article/who-should-run-church-case-plurality-elders

It is best to start a definition by establishing common denominators. For this term, the following seems to be widely agreed about the cross:

• Jesus perfectly accomplished His work
• Jesus left nothing undone or incomplete
• Jesus left nothing unfinished or deficient
• Jesus left nothing unaccomplished or lacking
• His work was totally sufficient.

Since Jesus paid it all, nothing needs to be added to His finished work.

So the message at its core is about resting in what Jesus already did, and not laboring to receive or to some how earn inheritance. It is done!

Most evangelical christians I have met in my 32  years of being saved would say a big amen. There should be no controversy. But, the addons to this message are what differentiate the message.

Finished work message = understanding who you are

Back in the 50′s, a message emerged that focused on who you are in Christ. For instance, you are the righteousness of God in Christ positional because of the finished work of the cross. If the white walls surrounding the Tabernacle of Moses represents God’s righteousness, and we have entered into that tabernacle by accepting Christ, the Father only sees the righteous walls of Jesus, not you. When God sees you, He sees His Son. Your only part was to enter in. Additionally, when you entered into the tabernacle, you abide in Him because the Person of Jesus is that tabernacle. At the root, this is who you are.

So, I taught this message in the early 80′s, thus you could have called me a “finished work” teacher. But in reality, the message was not new, it just added another perspective on that simple truth. If we can see a picture like the tabernacle, it helps us to understand and walk in it better. The Bible is full of these types and pictures that even show the intricate detail of who we are in Him. We understand even better when we combine these pictures with truth such as: Eph 1:7-8 In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of His grace which He lavished on us. NASU

As this message progresses, we learn to not return to the cross every time we do something wrong. We learn we are not bound to oppression by other christians, to be force-fed doctrines, or to obey a list of do’s and dont’s. There is a grace we rest in that receives deliverance from anything that does not look and act like Jesus Christ, and that grace allows us to do much more than we can imagine.

I see the finished work message adding even more to what the last day church looks like. How will the bride make herself ready? What are the things that she is doing that demonstrate the finished work of Jesus to the world? And the message gives the needed guidance to train the bride how to make herself ready. This is the type of “finished work” message that aligns with the Temple Builders message.

What is the finished work message accomplishing? Its objective is to get us to see who we are in Christ to the point that we will start walking in that reality. We will truly walk by grace, not under law. We will cease to be sin conscious. We will stop a life preoccupied with christian works to make us feel righteous before Him. Then we flip it by saying that the revelation of knowing who we are in Him propels us to good deeds, obedience, and becoming a mature temple builder. We will start understanding the desert life–the dealing of God that are painful, and learning their lessons.

So, where is the controversy? I mean. . .all of this looks solid, right? The controversies appear when we start deviating from this core message. The deviation comes when you go too far with a truth, losing balance, or start getting goofy with scripture interpretation.

For instance, just because you now have a better revelation of this does not mean you can relax and forsake obedience, stop building, start sinning more, or shun discipline. We know that if the righteous seed is pure, we are now destined to become God’s tree of righteousness in the Earth, but that may not happen even with a revelation of the finished work. This is where the practicality of understanding God’s ways come into play. You can be a walking revelation and still be cruel to others. You can understand that you are His righteousness and be lazy. You can fully understand the finished work on the cross, and choose to practice homosexuality until the day you die.

The idea is to stay balanced, and do not forsake the discipline of the Spirit. Learn of His ways and His correction, staying humble.

How do I spot deviations in this message?

• Does the message of grace hold christians accountable? It should!
• Does the message downplay rewards in heaven, or consequences of disobedience in eternity? Your walk should have fruit that remains, and that fruit will be rewarded
• Does the message try to label scriptures as old covenant? Both OT, NT, and the Gospels all have applicable truth for your daily walk, and will also prophesy to a day that will come. Scriptures have a strict meaning, but also have interpretations that instruct us in God’s ways
• Does the message brand scriptural observances such as water baptism, the Lord’s supper, the sabbath, as useless? Jesus is the Sabbath, and there is a great revelation of that rest, but God allows for duality of meaning to observe a day of physical rest as well
• Is the message theoretical but you find it hard to apply in your current trial? A good finished work message will help you to practically walk out your salvation
• Does the message remove the role of the Holy Spirit convicting christians? A new doctrine suggests that the Spirit does not function in convicting christians. Without the Spirit showing us our sin, disobedience, or false thinking, none of us would mature
• Does the message oppose types and shadows of who the church is? For instance, does the message say that you are NOT the bride, essentially removing this prophetic picture of the body of Christ? We ARE the bride of Christ and messages should not spread confusion of our prophetic identity
• Are the defenders of the message acting in the spirit of humility? Or, do they dismiss critics as religious and law-oriented? Many times you can tell a message by the character of the people following it. Maybe there is error, but maybe they are giving an incomplete picture, which results in no one walking in God’s purposes

In all, the gospel is good news. And the good news is that the work of the cross is finished and there is nothing to add. However, Jesus is not done. He is actively working through His body to build the true temple of God. Jesus is the Temple Builder, and He is the Branch that is growing up in that temple. That part IS NOT FINISHED.

John Robert Lucas

August 27, 2011

1. BAAL

PRIMARY MEANING:  False gods, idols.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Judg. 2:13; I Kg. 18:19-40; 2 Kg. 10:18-28.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Baal is the name of a fertility and nature god of the Canaanites and Phoenicians.  “Baal,” transliterated from the Hebrew “ba’ al” (Strong’s #1167), means “a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner,” and has also been translated as “lord, possessor, owner, guardian.”  The word could be used as a title for any person or god considered to be a lord or master, but became identified with various regional gods that were thought to provide fertility for crops and livestock.  Baal was worshiped with much sensuality (the symbol of Baal was a bull).  The name of the female deity associated with Baal was Asteroth or Astarte.  Elijah contested the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, and King Jehu was instrumental in eradicating Baal worship from the land of Israel.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ alone is King of kings and Lord of lords (Rev. 19:16).  He is like the prophet Elijah, the righteous Intercessor (1 Kg. 18:36-38; Jas. 5:16-18).  Jesus is God’s “answer,” the fiery Word from Heaven made flesh (1 Kg. 18:24; Jer. 23:29; Jn. 1:1, 14).  He is the heavenly Jehu who has put every enemy under His feet (Eph. 1:20-23).  It is at the Name of Jesus, not Baal, that every knee shall bow, of things in heaven, in earth, and under the earth (Phil. 2:10).  Jesus Christ is the only true God, the Giver of life (Jn. 1:4; 3:16; 6:63).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jesus alone is to be our “Master” (see Matt. 23:8-10; Lk. 6:40; Jn. 11:28; 13:13-14).  The world, like the house of Baal, is full of false gods from one end to another (2 Kg. 10:21; I Jn. 2:15-17).  To be a friend of the world is to be the enemy of God (Jas. 4:4).  We are to cast down these false images and destroy them in the Name of the Lord (2 Kg. 10:26-28; 2 Cor. 10:3-6).  In every generation, God has a righteous remnant who have not bowed their knee to the image of Baal (Rom. 11:4).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 20:3; Num. 22:41; Josh. 24:14-24; Judg. 2:11; 1 Kg. 16:31-32; 19:18; Psa. 73:25; 81:9; Isa. 43:10; 45:21-22; Jer. 2:8, 23; 7:9; 19:5; 23:13, 27; 32:29, 35; Hos. 2:8; 13:1; Zeph. 1:4; Matt. 4:10; Rom. 14:11; 2 Cor. 6:14-7:1; Eph. 3:14; 5:5.

2. BABEL

PRIMARY MEANING:  Confusion, pride, rebellion.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 10:8-10; 11:1-9; Psa. 127:1; 1 Cor. 14:33.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Babel was an ancient tower built during the period after the Flood.  “Babel” is transliterated from the Hebrew “Babel” (Strong’s #894) and means “confusion.”  Derived from “balal” (to overflow, to mix) and “beliyl” (mixed; specifically, feed for cattle),” “Babel” has also been translated as “gate of Bel, court of Baal, chaos, vanity, nothingness.”  Nimrod was the leader and organizer of this revolt.  Geographically set on a plain in the land of Shinar, the tower was constructed of fired bricks and mortar.  At the Tower of Babel, God confused men’s languages and scattered them over the earth.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is Heaven’s Architect, the One sent to build His Church (Matt. 16:18).  At Babel, the whole earth was of one language and speech (Gen. 11:1)–men had tapped the principle of unity.  The Day of Pentecost was the antithesis of the Tower of Babel (Gen. 11:9; Acts 2:1-11).  Luke noted that devout Jews “out of every nation under Heaven” heard the 120 disciples speak in his own language (Acts 2:5-6).  Jesus Christ is the One who baptizes men with the Holy Ghost into one Body (Acts 1:5).  He has made Jew and Greek one, reconciling both unto God in one Body by the cross, removing the barriers between men and nations (1 Cor. 12:13; Eph. 2:14-18).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Babel is the man-made spirit of denominational sectarianism.  Men erect cities (churches) and towers (ministries) in their own name.  But except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it (Psa. 127:1).  Men ever desire to make a name for themselves, seeking their own security and self-glorification independent of God (Gen. 11:4).  Relationships built with “brick (dirt) for stone, and slime for mortar” (Gen. 11:3) constitute political human initiative apart from God, and are the breeding ground for confusion and every evil work (Jas. 3:16).  Paul exclaimed, “God is not the Author of confusion, but of peace” (1 Cor. 14:33).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Lev. 18:23; 20:12; Deut. 1:28; Ezra 9:7; Job 10:15; Psa. 44:15; 71:1; Prov. 7; Isa. 9:10; 13:19; 24:10; 30:3; 34:11; 41:29; 45:16; 61:7; Jer. 3:25; 7:19; Dan. 9:7-8; Acts 19:29; 2 Cor. 4:3-4; Jas. 4:4; Rev. 17-18.

3. BABYLON

PRIMARY MEANING:  Religious confusion and mixture.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 10:8-10; Dan. 5; Rev. 17:1-19:5.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Babylon, the prototype of pagan idolatry, was an ancient walled city between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the capital of the Babylonian Empire.  “Babylon” is from the Hebrew “Babel” (Strong’s #894) and means “confusion.”  It is derived from “balal” (to overflow, to mix) and “beliyl” (mixed; specifically, feed for cattle).”  “Babel” has also been translated as “gate of Bel, court of Baal, chaos, vanity, nothingness.”  In the language of that time, “Babylon” also meant “the gate of God”–thus, “religious confusion.”

Its origins are unknown, but Genesis 10:10 mentions Babel as part of the empire of Nimrod.  King Hammurabi (about 1728-1686 B.C.) expanded the borders of the Babylonian empire and organized its laws into a written system, the Code of Hammurabi.  Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 B.C.) was the greatest king of Babylon.  At this height of his power, the Babylonians overpowered the nation of Judah, destroyed Jerusalem, and carried God’s people into captivity for 70 years (606-536 B.C.).  In the Old Testament the prophetic books of Isaiah and Jeremiah predicted the downfall of the city of Babylon.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the heavenly Daniel, the One who prophesied Babylon’s doom (Dan. 5:25-31).  He is the glorious Head of the true Church, the Bride, the Lamb’s wife (Rev. 21:9), prefigured by the “virtuous woman” of the Old Testament (Prov. 31:10-31) and the “freewoman” of the New Testament (Gal. 4:21-31).  The faithful and true One shall judge “the great whore” of religious confusion–all manmade societies that are organized independently of God (see Jn. 5:22; Rom. 2:16; 2 Tim. 4:1; Rev. 19:1-11).  In her are found the blood of prophets and saints, all that were slain upon the earth (Rev. 18:24).  The prophet Jeremiah described that day when Jesus, the Judge of all the earth, does right (Gen. 18:25):  “Babylon is taken…her idols are confounded, her images are broken in pieces…Babylon is become a desolation among the nations…for every purpose of the Lord shall be performed against Babylon” (Jer. 50:1-2, 23; 51:29).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul declared, “God is not the Author of confusion” (1 Cor. 14:33).  The New Testament Babylon is “the mother of harlots” who has dominated peoples, multitudes, and nations (Rev. 17:5, 15).  This spirit of confusion that pervades all manmade religion has become a habitation of demons and foul spirits (Rev. 18:2).  Babylon is pictured as a prostitute (a false union which cannot satisfy) who seduces people away from the true and living God, captivating the souls of men (Rev. 18:13).  But the Christian has been espoused to one Husband, the Lord Jesus Christ (2 Cor. 11:1-3; Eph. 5:22-33).  Like Isaac, we are the children of promise, sons of the “freewoman,” the heavenly Jerusalem–the true Church (Gal. 4:21-31; Heb. 12:22-24).  With regard to spiritual Babylon, the divine command is clear:  “Come out of her, My people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye be not partaker of her plagues” (Rev. 18:4).

FURTHER STUDY:  See 2 Kg. 15:19; 17:24; 24:15; 25:7; 1 Chron. 9:1; 2 Chron. 36:18-20; Ezra 1:11; 2:1; 5:12-13; Neh. 7:6; Psa. 137; Isa. 14:4, 22; 21:9; 43:14; Jer. 25:11-12; 50:9; 51:1-2, 37, 41-58; Dan. 1:1; 4:30; 5:1-31; Mic. 4:10; Zech. 2:7; 6:10; Matt. 1:11-12, 17; Acts 7:43; 1 Pet. 5:13; Rev. 14:8; 16:19.

4. BACA

PRIMARY MEANING:  Weeping.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  2 Sam. 5:17-24; Psa. 84:6; Heb. 5:7-9.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Baca is a valley in Palestine, thought by some to be the Valley of Rephaim between Jerusalem and Bethlehem.  “Baca” (mentioned only in Psa. 84:6) is from the Hebrew “Baka’” (Strong’s #1056) and means “weeping.”  It is taken from “bakah” (Strong’s #1058), a primitive root meaning “to weep; generally to bemoan,” and is translated in the King James Version as “bewail, complain, make lamentation, mourn.”  “Rephaim” is taken from the Hebrew “rapha’” (Strong’s #7497) which means “invigorating; a giant.”  Its primitive root “raphah” (Strong’s #7495) means “to mend (by stitching), to cure.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  “Jesus wept” (Jn. 11:35).  He is the heavenly David who offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto the Father, and was heard in that He feared (Heb. 5:7-9).  Jesus, the Word made flesh, passed through this earthly Baca, the vale of death and tears, then passed into the heavens to become our great and merciful High Priest, touched with the feelings of our infirmities.  Jesus was tempted in all points like as we are, yet without sin (Heb. 4:14-15).  He has overcome the giant of sin and death, and by His stripes we were healed (Rom. 8:1-2; 1 Pet. 2:24).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul implored, “Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need” (Heb. 4:16).  The Christian is privileged to experience the fellowship of His sufferings (Phil. 3:10).  We have been called to rejoice with them that do rejoice, to weep with them that weep (Rom. 12:15).  We must learn how to walk on the mountains and through the valleys, “how to abound,” and “how to be abased” (Phil. 4:12).  The testings of the Christian’s journey take him “from strength to strength” (Psa. 84:7; 1 Pet. 1:7).  We need not fear the valley of the giants, not even the valley of the shadow of death, for the One who went before us is ever with us (Psa. 23:4; Heb. 13:5, 8).  Through Christ, we can make the valley of Baca “a well,” literally, “a springing fountain, as a source of satisfaction” (Psa. 84:6).  The psalmist affirmed, “Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning” (Psa. 30:5).

FURTHER STUDY:  See 2 Sam. 23:13; 1 Chron. 11:15; 14:9; Psa. 6:8; 56:8; 69:10; 102:9; 126:5-6; 137:1; Isa. 17:5; 25:8; 65:19; Joel 2:17; Mal. 2:13; Lk. 6:21, 25; Jn. 20:11; 1 Cor. 7:30; 2 Cor. 2:4; Phil. 3:18; Jas. 4:9; Rev. 5:4-5; 21:4.

5. BADGER

PRIMARY MEANING:  The covering protection of Christ, the unattractive humiliation of His humanity.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 25:5; 26:14; Num. 4:6-15, 25; Isa. 52:14; 53:2-3.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The skin of badger was part of the coverings for Moses’ tabernacle as well as for the pieces of furniture when on the march.  “Badger” is from the Hebrew “tachash” (Strong’s 8476) which means “a (clean) animal with fur, probably a species of antelope.”  Coarse badger hair, a dark (blue-gray) material, was chosen for its durability and protection against desert storms.  The Hebrew word for “skins” is “‘owr” (Strong’s #5785) and means “skin (as naked); by implication, hide, leather.”  Its root “‘uwr” means “to (be) bare” and is translated in the King James Version as “be made naked.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the true Tabernacle (Jn. 1:14; Heb. 8:2), is our protection, just as the badger skins formed the outermost covering for Moses’ sanctuary (Ex. 26:14).  He personifies the Ark of the Covenant and its Mercy-seat, which was covered with the badger skins on the march (Num. 4:4-6; Rom. 3:25).  His humanity, His flesh, veiled His divinity (Heb. 10:20).  Isaiah foretold His death, “His visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men…and when we shall see Him, there is no beauty that we should desire Him” (Isa. 52:14; 53:2-3).  The root word for “skin” is rendered in Habakkuk 3:9 as a bow that was made quite “naked.”  The bow in the Bible can speak of a bow and arrow as well as a rainbow, a sign of the covenant (Gen. 9:13-16).  The uncovering of the bow reveals the unveiling of the New Covenant, when Jesus was crucified as a criminal, quite naked.  The Son of man had to suffer many things (Mk. 9:12).  In His humiliation, His justice was taken away (Acts 8:33).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We are safe in Christ.  Having died to sin, the Christian is secure, hid with Christ in God (Col. 3:3).  As New Testament instruments of ministry, we are protected by His blood, His life (Lev. 17:11; Num. 4:22;  Heb. 9:22).  The Lord has clothed us with the broidered work of His righteousness (2 Cor. 5:21), and shod our feet with the preparation of the gospel of peace (Ezek. 16:10; Eph. 6:15).  The Hebrew word for “atonement” means “covering.”  Jesus’ finished work protects the sinner from the wrath of God and the saint from the storms of the gates of hell (Matt. 16:18).  The roughness of the badger skin represents the unattractive “shame” of the cross to man’s natural senses (Heb. 12:2).  Jesus’ true Church, especially the apostolic ministry, are made a spectacle unto the world, becoming fools for Christ’s sake (1 Cor. 4:9-13).  Solomon declared, “Before honour is humility” (Prov. 15:33).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 35:7, 23; 36:19, 34; Psa. 22:6-8; 69:10-20; Prov. 16:19; 18:12; 22:4; 29:23; Isa. 49:7; 50:6; Mk. 9:12; Jn. 1:10-14; 15:16; Acts 3:13-15; 20:19; 1 Cor. 1:18-31; Gal. 5:11; 6:12, 14; Eph. 2:16; Phil. 2:8; 3:18; Col. 1:20; 2:14; Heb. 12:2; Jas. 4:6, 10; 1 Pet. 5:5-6.

6. BAG (PURSE)

PRIMARY MEANING:   A container for treasure; earthen vessel.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  1 Sam. 17:40; Matt. 10:10; 2 Cor. 4:6-7; Col. 2:3, 9.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A bag was a small satchel or sack in which food, clothes, and other provisions for a journey were carried.  Usually made of leather, it was slung over the shoulder or fastened to a belt.  “Bag” is from the Hebrew “kiyc” (Strong’s #3599) and means “a cup; also a bag for money or weights.”  The Greek word for “bag” is “glossokomon” (Strong’s #1101), taken from “glossa” (tongue) and “komeo” (to tend).  It was used to describe a case in which to keep the mouthpiece of wind instruments, or a small box for any purpose, but especially a purse to hold money.  The Greek word for “purse” is “balantion” (Strong’s #905) and means “a depository; a pouch (for money).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was Heaven’s Bag, for it pleased the Father that in Him should all fulness dwell (Col. 1:19).  In Him are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, for in Him is contained all the fulness of the Godhead bodily (Col. 2:3, 9).  Jesus, the heavenly David, ascended and gave forth out of His Person five ministries, “five smooth stones,” all contained in the “bag” of the Good Shepherd (1 Sam. 17:40, 49; Jn. 10:11; Eph. 4:9-13).  His entire life glorified the Father (Jn. 8:29; 17:1-4).  Jesus is “the Chief Singer,” the One who sings praises in the midst of the Church (Hab. 3:19; Heb. 2:12).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Christian is privileged to be the container and dispenser for the Holy Spirit (Gal. 4:6; Col. 1:27).  Paul explained, “But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us” (2 Cor. 4:7).  We are recipients of His gifts and graces, for all the weights of the bag are His work (Prov. 16:11; Phil. 2:12-13).  Believers need to walk circumspectly before the Lord, lest our lives become a bag with holes (Hag. 1:9; Eph. 5:15).  Because of the enabling, energizing power of His indwelling Spirit, we lack nothing (Psa. 23:1; Lk. 22:35).  Like the lamps within the pitchers of Gideon’s army (Judg. 7:16-20), God has “commanded the light to shine out of darkness” to illuminate our hearts with the knowledge of the glory of God (2 Cor. 4:6).  Jeremiah described the sons of Zion “as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the Potter” (Lam. 4:2).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 43:23; Deut. 25:13; 28:12; 33:19; Job 14:17; 38:22; Psa. 135:4; Prov. 1:14; 2:4; 7:20; 15:6; 21:20; 2 Chron. 24:8-10; Isa. 33:6; 46:6; Mic. 6:11; Matt. 2:11; 6:19-21; 10:10; 13:44, 52; Mk. 6:8; Lk. 6:45; 9:3; 10:4; 12:33-34; Jn. 12:6; 13:29; 2 Tim. 2:20.

7. BAKER

PRIMARY MEANING:  Christ the Bread of life.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 40:1-22; Jer. 37:21; Jn. 6:48; 1 Cor. 10:16-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The baker was the one who baked bread.

“Baker” is from the Hebrew “aphah” (Strong’s #644) which means “to cook, especially to bake.”  It is akin to “‘eyphah” (of Egyptian derivation) which means “an ephah or measure for grain.”  Home bakers prepared dough from cereal grains and baked it on a rock or in an oven.  Kings had their own royal bakers.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the “Bread of life” (Jn. 4:48), is also the supervisor of the divine oven (Hos. 7:4), the Chief Porter who has been appointed to oversee the fine flour and oil (1 Chron. 9:29).  He is the One who processes His Church with a flaming fire (Hos. 7:6; Matt. 3:11).  In a positive sense, the Savior was the Baker who was “hanged,” crucified at Calvary (Gen. 40:22).  The divine Baker, the Word of God, is pure as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times (Psa. 12:6; Jn. 1:1).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul confirmed, “The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?  For we being many are one bread, and one Body; for we are all partakers of that one Bread” (1 Cor. 10:16-17).  As a meal offering, we have been mingled with the “fine flour” of His Word and the “oil” of His Spirit (Ex. 29:2), then cast into the oven of His dealings (Matt. 6:30).  Believers have been blessed every day with “a piece of bread out of bakers street” (Jer. 37:21; Matt. 6:11; Lk. 11:3).  Overcoming Christians have been chosen in the furnace of affliction (Isa. 48:10; Matt. 22:14).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 19:3; 41:10; Ex. 12:39; 16:23; Lev. 2:1-7;  24:5; 26:26; Num. 11:8; 1 Sam. 8:13; 1 Chron. 23:29; Isa. 44:19; Ezek. 4:12; 46:14, 20; Matt. 4:4; Lk. 12;28; Jn. 6:33-63; 1 Cor. 5:8; 10:16; 2 Cor. 4:6; 9:10; Rev. 18:13.

8. BALAAM

PRIMARY MEANING:  Mercenary, merchandising ministries; spiritual hirelings.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Num. 22:5-25:3; 2 Pet. 2:15; Jude 1:11; Rev. 2:14.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Balaam was a magician or soothsayer who was summoned by the Moabite king Balak to curse the Israelites before they entered Canaan.  “Balaam” is from the Hebrew “Bil’am” (Strong’s #1109) and means “not (of the) people, foreigner.”  It is derived from “bal” (a failure, nothing, not at all) and “balah” (to fail; to wear out, decay; consume, spend).”  “Baalam’ has also been translated as “lord of the people, destruction of the people, pilgrim, stranger.”  God used Balaam’s donkey to convey His will to the stubborn prophet, who returned to the king of Moab and blessed the people whom Balak wanted him to curse.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Although he was snared by the love of money, Balaam truly prophesied of the coming Messiah (Num. 24:15-19).  Jesus Christ is the “Star out of Jacob,” the “Sun of righteousness” (Num. 24:17; Mal. 4:2).  Our Lord is the “Sceptre” that rose out of Israel (Gen. 49:10; Num. 24:17; Matt. 2:6).  The Pattern Son overcame “Edom” and “Seir,” descendants of Esau, a type of the flesh (Num. 24:18; Jn. 16:33).  Balaam predicted of King Jesus, “Out of Jacob shall come He that shall have dominion” (Num. 24:19; Psa. 72:8; Matt. 28:18).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers have received commandment to bless, not curse (Num. 23:20; Matt. 5:44).  Christians, especially leaders, are to avoid the “way” of Baalam (2 Pet. 2:15).  This is the Greek word “hodos” which means “path, road; mode or means.”  The “way” of Balaam is “perverse” (Num. 22:32), travelled by servants of corruption who love the wages of unrighteousness (2 Pet. 2:15-19).  Believers are also to shun the “error” of Balaam (Jude 1:11).  This is the Greek word “plane” which means “fraudulence; straying from orthodoxy; roving as a tramp, misleader, impostor.”  Such backsliders run greedily after profit.  Finally, we are to resist the “doctrine” of Balaam (Rev. 2;14).  This is the Greek word “didache” and means “teaching, instruction.”  Such ministerial lifestyles will cast a stumblingblock before the people of God, causing them to sin.  Many prophetic ministries have succumbed to the rewards of divination, lusting after self-promotion and great honor (Num. 22:7, 17).  John declared, “The hireling fleeth…and careth not for the sheep” (Jn. 10:12-13).  But God knows how to corner a man and crush his foot until he falls “flat on his face” (Num. 22:22-31).  It is possible to be greatly gifted without living a sanctified life, to have profound spiritual insight and yet be blind to one’s own state.

FURTHER STUDY:  See Num. 31:8, 16; Deut. 23:4-5; Josh. 13:22; 24:9-10; 1 Sam. 12:23; Neh. 13:2; Isa. 57:14; Mic. 6:5; Matt. 18:7; Acts 1:18; 13:10; Rom. 14:13, 21; 1 Cor. 6:13-18; 8:9; Eph. 4:19; Phil. 4:17; 1 Thess. 2:5; 1 Tim. 3:3; 6:9-10; 2 Tim. 3:2; Heb. 13:4-5; 2 Pet. 2:3; Rev. 21:8.

9. BALANCES

PRIMARY MEANING:  Honesty, righteousness, justice, fairness.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 19:36; Job 31:6; Isa. 40:12; Ezek. 45:10.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Balances were devices used to measure weight.  “Balances” is from the Hebrew “mo’zen” (Strong’s #3976) which means “(only in the dual) a pair of scales.”  Its primitive root “‘azan” (Strong’s #239) means “the idea of scales as if two ears; to broaden out the ear (with the hand); to weigh, ponder, listen.”  The Greek word for “balances” is “zugos” (Strong’s #2218) and means “to join by a yoke; a coupling; servitude (a law or obligation); the beam of the balance (as connecting the scales).”  These balances consisted of a vertical beam and a horizontal crossbeam, from which a pan was suspended from each end.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  “The Gospel of God” is the judgment written; “the Gospel of His Son” is the judgment personified; “the Gospel of (the) Christ” is the execution of the judgment which He is (Rom. 1:1, 9, 16)!  Jesus Christ is the divine measure, the just Balance from Heaven whose righteous life is the standard and criterion by which all men are judged (Ezek. 45:10; Jn. 5:22).  Jesus, the King of righteousness (Heb. 7:2), walked through this life in complete, even balance and integrity (Job. 31:6).  Embodying Heaven’s justice, Jesus was the delight of the Father (Prov. 11:1; Matt. 3:17).  He is the Creator, and all things were made by Him (Jn. 1:3).  Isaiah declared that Jesus “measured the waters in the hollow of His hand…and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance” (Isa. 40:12).  He allowed the Father to open (pierce) His ear as the Servant of Jehovah (Ex. 21:1-6; Isa. 50:5).  His yoke is easy and His burden is light (Matt. 11:28-30).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Church is to conform and mature unto the measure and stature of Christ’s fullness (Rom. 8:29; Eph. 4:13; 1 Jn. 3:1-3).  The key to an honest, righteous life and walk of faith is hearing from God (Rom. 10:17; Heb. 11:6).  We have been yoked to the Lord in covenantal obedience, servants to the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus (Matt. 11:29; Rom. 8:2).  Those who weigh and ponder His Word have been given “the tongue of the learned” (Isa. 50:4), the ability to judge righteous judgments, to make wise choices (Jn. 7:24).  Selective hearing apart from God’s voice is evil.  We must be careful to whom and what we give an ear (1 Cor. 15:33).  Unsaved men and carnal Christians are unbalanced in their judgments, having only “a piece of an ear” (Amos 3:12).  They are weighed in the balances and found wanting because they do not know the voice of the Good Shepherd (Psa. 23:1; Dan. 5:27; Jn. 10:3-5, 11).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Job 6:2; Psa. 62:9; Prov. 11:1; 16:11; 20:12, 23; 28:9; Isa. 6:10; 33:15; 40:15; Jer. 32:10; Ezek. 5:1; Hos. 12:7; Amos 8:5, 11; Mic. 6:11; Mk. 8:17-21; Lk. 24:25; Acts 15:10; 28:27; 1 Cor. 1:30; Gal. 5:1; 1 Tim. 6:1; Heb. 5:11; Rev. 3:20-22; 6:5.

10. BALDNESS

PRIMARY MEANING:  Shame, contempt, condemnation.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 13:40-44; Isa. 50:6; Rom. 8:1; Eph. 1:6-7.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Baldness is the condition of having no hair on one’s head.  “Baldness” is from the Hebrew

“qereach” (Strong’s #7142) which means “bald (on the back of the head).”  Its primitive root “qarach” (Strong’s #7139) means “to depilate,” which is to remove hair from a part of the body.  Because the Israelites regarded the hair as a special ornament and glory, to shave one’s head was to behave like the idolatrous Canaanites.  One of the duties of a priest was to distinguish between natural baldness and baldness caused by leprosy.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  During the time of His trial and crucifixion, Jesus Christ was treated with much shame and contempt.  Having laid aside the glory of Heaven, He was made bald by the leprosy of man’s sin; our “plague” was in “His head” (Lev. 13:43-44).  Isaiah forecast that the Lamb of God would give His “back to the smiters,” that His cheeks would be made bald when they “plucked off the hair,” that He would not hide His “face from shame and spitting” (Isa. 50:6).  The Savior was made to be sin for us, who knew no sin (2 Cor. 5:21).  He endured the cross, despising the shame, becoming a reproach of men (Psa. 22:6; Heb. 12:2).  When Jesus made an end of sin that “bitter day” on Calvary, the Father mourned His “only Son” (Amos 8:10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Because Jesus’ blood cleansed the leprosy of our sin, Christians can walk without shame.  Paul exclaimed, “He hath made us accepted in the Beloved, in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins” (Eph. 1:6-7).  Priests of the Lord have been delivered from baldness upon their head–condemnation in the thoughts of their mind (Lev. 21:5; Rom. 8:1).  The old man has been crucified with Christ, and we are not to make any baldness between our eyes “for the dead” (Deut. 14:1; Rom. 6:6; Gal. 2:20).  The believer, delivered from the life of sin, with its bitterness of heart, has now been counted worthy to suffer shame for His name (Ezek. 27:31; Acts 5:41).  Only Jesus the Priest can discern whether the humiliation of our “baldness” is natural–the outworkings of the fellowship of His sufferings for righteous’ sake; or because of leprosy, when we are being buffeted for our own faults (Matt. 5:10-12; Phil. 3:9-11; 1 Pet. 2:19-25).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Lev. 11:22; 21:5; 2 Kg. 2:23; Ezra 9:3; Neh. 13:25; Psa. 69:7; 119:141; Prov. 12:16; Isa. 3:24; 15:2; 22:12; 53:3; Jer. 7:29; 16:6; 47:5; 48:37; Ezek. 7:18; 29:18; Mic. 1:16; Jn. 3:19; 5:24; Rom. 5:16-18.

11. BALM (BALSAM)

PRIMARY MEANING:  Healing, comfort.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 37:25; Ex. 15:26; Jer. 8:22; Mal. 4:2; Acts 10:38.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The balsam (balm) is a thorny tree growing 10-15 feet tall with clusters of green flowers.  “Balm” is from the Hebrew “tseriy” (Strong’s #6875) and means “to crack (as by pressure), hence, to leak; distillation, balsam.”  This highly valued aromatic plant produced a fragrant, resinous sap or gum called balm.  The balm of Gilead was a vegetable product, an aromatic resin used as an incense and a medical ointment for the healing of wounds.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the “Balm in Gilead,” the Great Physician (Jer. 8:22).  He is the Comforter who sent the Holy Spirit, “another Comforter” (Jn. 14:26; 15:26; 16:13).  On Calvary’s cross, our Lord mingled the balm and myrrh, dying for our sins (Gen. 37:25).  He is Jehovah-Rapha, “the Lord that healeth” (Ex. 15:26).  Jesus Christ is the Sun of righteousness who has arisen with healing in His wings (Mal. 4:2).  Luke recounted, “God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power, who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil, for God was with Him” (Acts 10:38).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  God has sent His Word, and healed us (Psa. 107:20; Jn. 1:1).  Jesus alone is the Balm for mankind’s every pain (Jer. 51:8).  The Good Shepherd is the Good Samaritan who has bound up our wounds, pouring in oil and wine (Lk. 10:34).  Paul explained, “There is none righteous, no, not one…for all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God” (Rom. 3:10, 23).  Jesus announced, “They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick” (Matt. 9:2).  The Savior came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance (Mk. 2:17).  By His precious stripes, we were healed (1 Pet. 2:24).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 43:11; Psa. 30:2; Isa. 53:5; Jer. 46:11; Ezek. 27:17; Matt. 4:23-24; 8:8-13; 9:35; Lk. 4:18, 23; 5:31; 9:6, 11; Acts 3:11; 4:14, 22; 5:16; 8:7; 14:9; 28:8-9; 1 Cor. 12:9, 30; Col. 4:14; Jas. 5:16; Rev. 22:2.

12. BANDS

PRIMARY MEANING:  The bonds of covenantal union.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Josh. 2:15, 18; Psa. 118:27; Amos 3:3; Zech. 11:7; 1 Cor. 6:17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  “Bands” is from the Hebrew “chebel” (Strong’s #2256) which means “a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together).”  Its primitive root “chabal” (Strong’s #2254) means “to wind tightly (as a rope), to bind; specifically, by a

pledge.”  “Chebel” is also used to refer to an “allotment or portion.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is Heaven’s “scarlet thread” (Josh. 2:15, 18), binding God and man together in blood covenant.  He was the ultimate Sacrifice for sins, bound with cords of love to the cross (Psa. 118:27).  The Messiah, the Good Shepherd, took hold of two staves to fulfill His office and feed His flock (Zech. 11:7)–the one He called “Beauty” (grace, loving-kindness) and the other “Bands” (union).  The New Testament revelation of this covenantal blessing is voiced in the introductions to Paul’s epistles:  “grace” and “peace” (see Rom. 1:7; Eph. 1:2; Phil. 1:2; 1 Tim. 1:2).  Jesus is the New Testament Joshua who causes others to inherit (Josh. 1:1-3).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Those who are joined to the Lord in covenantal agreement are one spirit (Amos 3:3; 1 Cor. 6:17).  We have been drawn to the New Covenant with cords and bands of love (Hos. 11:4; Jn. 3:16).  The boundary lines have fallen unto us in pleasant “heavenly places” (Psa. 16:6; Eph. 1:3); the company of the redeemed have a goodly heritage, tied together by the strength of His finished work–”one Lord, one faith, one baptism” (Eph. 4:4-7).  Each of us were once held captive with the cords of his sins (Prov. 5:22).  Now we have been bound to the true Vine, washed in the blood of the Lamb (Gen. 49:11; Jn. 15:5; Rev. 1:5).  Given the authority of His name, we now bind demonic kings with chains and nobles with fetters of iron (Psa. 149:8-9; Mk. 16:17; Eph. 6:12).  Whatever we bind on earth shall have been bound in Heaven (Matt. 16:19).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Deut. 3:4; 32:9; Josh. 17:5; 1 Sam. 10:5; 2 Sam. 8:2; 22:6; 1 Kg. 20:31; 1 Chron. 16:18; Job 18:10; Psa. 18:4; 78:55;  Eccl. 12:6; Isa. 33:20, 23; Hos. 6:1; Mic. 2:5; Zech. 2:1; 11:14; 1 Cor. 1:3; 2 Cor. 1:2; Gal. 1:3; Col. 1:2; 1 Thess. 1:1; 2 Thess. 1:2; 2 Tim. 1:2; Tit. 1:4.

13. BANKS

PRIMARY MEANING:  Limitation, termination, parameter, definition.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 78:41; Ezek. 47:1-14; Phil. 2:5; Rev. 1:8.

BASIC INFORMATION:  “Banks” is from the Hebrew “saphah” (Strong’s #8193) and means “termination; the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.).  This Hebrew word for “lip” can also mean “edge.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Sum of all living things (Heb. 8:1-2).  The banks, the parameters of His Person are called “Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending” (Rev. 1:8).  Nothing comes before or after Him.  In Him was life (Jn. 1:4), and everything outside of Him is a lying vanity.  He is the Word of God, the sharp twoedged Sword (Heb. 4:12; Rev. 2:12).  Paul affirmed, “He is before all things, and by Him all things consist,” or are held together (Col. 1:17).  Jesus is the “Lip of truth” that has been established forever (Psa. 119:89; Prov. 12:19; Jn. 14:6).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Holy Spirit is a “river” (Jn. 7:38).  He can flow in any direction, but always stays between the banks of the Word (Jn. 3:8; 6:63).  Without banks, without boundaries, there is much water, but no direction and purpose.  As believers, especially leaders, we must not add or take away from the words of the Book (Rev. 22:18-19).  If we stay within the banks of the river’s definition, we will understand the vision of His Word (Dan. 8:16), comparing spiritual things with spiritual (1 Cor. 2:13).  The ephod of the High Priest, used to ascertain the mind of the Lord in the Old Testament, was coupled together by “two edges” (Ex. 39:4).  “The mind of Christ” lies between the “banks” of the River (1 Cor. 2:16; Phil. 2:5).

We are not to li,it the holy One of Israel (Psa. 78:41).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 41:17; Ex. 26:4-5, 10; 36:11; Deut. 4:48; Josh. 3:8, 15; 4:18; 2 Kg. 2:13; 1 Chron. 12:15; Ezek. 43:12; Dan. 12:5; Rom. 8:27; 12:2, 16; 15:6; 1 Cor. 1:10; Eph. 4:23; Phil. 1:27; 2:1-5; 3:16; 4:2; Col. 3:12; 2 Tim. 1:7; Heb. 4:7; 8:10; 1 Pet. 1:13; 3:8; 4:1; 5:2.

14. BANNER

PRIMARY MEANING:  Standard, flag, emblem, ensign.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 17:8-16; Psa. 20:5; Song 2:4; 6:4, 10; Jn. 3:14; 12:32-33.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A banner is a flag, ensign, streamer, or emblem attached to the end of a standard.  “Banners” is from the Hebrew “dagal” (Strong’s #1713) which means “to flaunt, raise a flag; figuratively, to be conspicuous.”  This word is also translated in the King James Version as “chiefest.”  Banners served as rallying points for military, national, or religious purposes.  Each tribe had its own banner.  When the Israelites fought the Amalekites at Rephidim, Moses held up his hand, becoming a living banner.  After the battle, Moses built an altar and called it “Jehovah-nissi”–”the Lord Is my Banner.”  “Nissi” is from the Hebrew “nec” (Strong’s #5251) and means “a flag; also a sail; by implication, a flagstaff; generally a signal; figuratively, a token.”  Its root “nacac” means “to gleam from afar, to be conspicuous as a signal, to raise a beacon.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is Heaven’s Banner, the rallying point of all creation.  John explained, “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness,” so the Son of man was lifted up on the cross and in His ascension (Jn. 3:14).  When the Flag was raised at Calvary, Jesus said, “And I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto Me” (Jn. 12:32-33).  Jesus Christ is the root of Jesse who stood up (in resurrection) for an Ensign of all nations (Isa. 11:10).  The Man on the middle cross shined forth like a beacon upon the top of Mount Calvary (Isa. 30:17).  Jesus is “the chiefest among ten thousand” (Song 5:10)–the “Chief Singer,” the “Chief Cornerstone,” and the “Chief Shepherd” (Hab. 3:19; Eph. 2:20; 1 Pet. 2:6; 5:4).  Moses prophesied, “Unto Him shall the gathering of the people be” (Gen. 49:10; Eph. 1:9-10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We pledge allegiance to no other Flag but Jesus!  As the tribes of Israel pitched their tents around the Tabernacle, the believer has made Christ his center (Matt. 18:20; Heb. 8:1-2), and in the name of the Lord we will set up our banners (Psa. 20:5).  The Song of Solomon says, “He brought me to the banqueting house, and His banner over me was love” (Song 2:4).  The Glorious Church is an army with banners (Song. 6:4, 10).  When the enemy comes in, “like a flood the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard against him” (Isa. 59:19).  The Head of the Church is gathering a people who have made covenant with Him by sacrifice (Psa. 50:5).  He has predetermined this time to gather stones together (Eccl. 3:5; 1 Pet. 2:5).  God has purposed in the dispensation of the fulness of times to “gather together in one all things in Christ” (Eph. 1:9-10).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Num. 1:52; 2:2-3; 21:8; Deut. 30:4; 1 Chron. 16:35; Ezra 10:7; Neh. 1:9; Psa. 60:4; Song 2:4; 6:2; Isa. 5:26; 11:12; 13:2; 18:3; 33:4; 40:11; 49:22; 54:7; 56:8; 60:4; 66:18; Jer. 4:6, 21; 31:8-10; 32:7; 51:27; Ezek. 27:7; 34:13; 36:24; Matt. 13:28-41; 2 Thess. 2:1; Heb. 10:25.

15. BANQUET

PRIMARY MEANING:  Celebration of covenantal relationship; feast.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 23; Prov. 15:15; Song 2:4; 1 Cor. 11:23-30.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A banquet was an elaborate meal, frequently given in honor of an individual or for some other special occasion.  “Banquet” is from the Hebrew “mishteh” (Strong’s #4960) which means “drink, by implication, drinking (the act); also (by implication) a banquet or (generally) feast.”  Notable Old Testament banquets include those mentioned in the Book of Esther, and that of Belshazzar, when the handwriting appeared on the wall.  The Book of Revelation concludes with all people invited to one of two banquets:  “the supper of the great God” or “the marriage supper of the Lamb.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the divine Host at His own table.  Mark declared, “The Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many” (Mk. 10:45).  The Lord’s Supper, the Eucharist, is the ongoing celebration of the New Covenant in His blood (1 Cor. 11:23-30).  He is the heavenly Ahasuerus who expects His Bride to display her beauty (Esth. 1; Gal. 5:22-23).  The “wine” served at Jesus’ banquet speaks of His shed blood and the subsequent joy of covenantal life (see Gen. 49:11-12; Joel 3:18; Zech. 9:17; 10:7).  We are to constantly eat His flesh and drink His blood, fully related to Him and His Body, the Church, by the Word and Spirit (Jn. 6:35-63).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Christian life is “a continual feast” (Prov. 15:15).  Our heavenly Bridegroom has brought us to the banqueting house (the house of wine), and his banner over us is love (Song 2:4).  The believer’s growth in grace is pictured in the three major Feasts of the Lord:  Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles (Deut. 16;16).  In the first feast, Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us (Ex. 12:13; 1 Cor. 5:5-8).  In the Feast of Pentecost, Jesus is the One who baptizes the believer with the Holy Ghost and fire (Matt. 3:11; Acts 1:5).  The third feast is the revelation of Jesus Christ as Lord over His mature, completed Church (Eph. 4:13).  The invitation of the risen Christ to His Bride is, “Come and dine” (Jn. 21:12).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 21:8; Ex. 5:1; 12:14; Lev. 23; Deut. 16; 2 Chron. 5:3; 7:8-9; 8:13; 30:13; 35:17; Neh. 8:14-18; Esth. 5:1-14; 6:14; 7:1-8; Job 41:6; Psa. 81:3; Isa. 25:6; Ezek. 45:21-25; Dan. 5; Amos 6:7; Zech. 14:16-19; Matt. 8:11; Lk. 13:29; Rev. 19:9, 17.

16. BARAK

PRIMARY MEANING:  Lightning.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Judg. 4-5; Dan. 10:6; Heb. 11:32.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Barak was the son of Abinoam of the city of Kedesh.  “Barak” is from the Hebrew “baraq” (Strong’s #1300) which means “lightning; by analogy, a gleam; concretely, a flashing sword.”  “Barak” has also been translated as “thunderbolt, a flaming sword.”  Barak was summoned by the prophetess Deborah to raise a militia to fight Jabin and Sisera his general.  The Lord sent a great thunderstorm, making Sisera’s iron chariots useless.  Barak is listed in the eleventh chapter of Hebrews among the heroes of faith.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the heavenly Barak, the Captain of our salvation (Heb. 2:10).  He is Heaven’s lightning-bolt, the Father’s flaming sword (Gen. 3:24; Jn. 8:12; Heb. 4:12), the Arrow that went forth as the lightning (Zech. 9:14).  Daniel said that His face is “as the appearance of lightning, and His eyes as lamps of fire” (Dan. 10:6).  His arrows are sharp in the heart of His enemies (Psa. 45:5).  As Barak refused to go without Deborah, so the Head of the Church will never leave or forsake His companion (Judg. 4:8; Eph. 5:31-32; Heb. 13:5).  He is the chiefest among ten thousand who has completely routed the enemy (Judg. 4:14-16; Song 4:8; 1 Jn. 3:8).  Jesus led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men (Judg. 5:12; Eph. 4:8).  To celebrate His eternal triumph, He has become the “Chief Singer” (Judg. 5:1; Hab. 3:19).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We are as lightning, “the arrows” of the Lord.  Like Barak, believers are to walk by faith, not by sight (2 Cor. 5:7; Heb. 11:6, 32).  In the early Church, Jesus sent out His arrows, and scattered them (Psa. 18:14; Matt. 10:5-8; Acts 8:1).  The Lord brought forth the wind out His treasuries and energized His people like lightning (Jer. 10:13; Acts 2:1-4).  He has made a way for us, a way for the lightning and the thunder (Job 28:26; Jn. 14:6).  The Church has been commissioned to go unto the ends of the earth (Job 37:3; Psa. 2:8; Acts 1:8).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 19:16; 20:18; Deut. 32:42; Job 38:35; Psa. 18:14; 21:12; 77:17-18; 97:4; 135:7; Jer. 51:16; Ezek. 1:13-14; Hab. 3:11; Zech. 9:14; Matt. 24:27; 28:3; Lk. 10:18; 17:24; Rev. 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18.

17. BARBER

PRIMARY MEANING:  Removal, shame, reproach.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Josh. 5:9; Judg. 16:17-22; Isa. 7:20; Ezek. 5:1.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The barber was one who shaved or trimmed a man’s hair or beard.  “Barber” is from the Hebrew “gallab” (Strong’s #1532) which means “to shave; a barber.”  Compare “galach” (Strong’s #1548) which means “to be bald, to shave; figuratively, to lay waste.”  The beard was considered a symbol of manhood and freedom–slaves were compelled to shave their beards as a token of servitude.  Barbers most likely served royalty and the rich.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  In His humiliation, Jesus Christ laid aside His glory, came to earth, and was led as a sheep to the slaughter, a Lamb dumb before His Shearer (the Father) (Acts 8:32-33).  The Nazarene was a spiritual Nazirite, totally separated unto the will of the Father (Judg. 16:17; Jn. 8:29).  He was the Servant of Jehovah, a slave to the Father’s will (Isa. 42:1-5; Heb. 10:5-10).  He has borne the sin and shame of all men (Isa. 53:4-5).  The apostle exclaimed, “Though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, that ye through His poverty might be rich” (2 Cor. 8:9).  Our heavenly Joshua has rolled away the reproach of sin and the world (Josh. 5:9).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jesus healed us from the leprosy of sin.  “He that is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, and shave off all his hair, and wash himself in water, that he may be clean” (Lev. 14:8-9; Tit. 3:5; Heb. 10:19-22).  As priests of the Lord, our reproach has been removed (Lev. 21:5; 1 Pet. 2:5-10).  When Joseph came out of prison to reign (Eccl. 4:14), he shaved himself and changed his garments (Gen. 41:14).  Like the judge Samson, the Church is arising with a fresh anointing; the hair of our vow of devotion is beginning “to grow again” (Judg. 16:22).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Lev. 13:33; Num. 6:9, 18-19; Deut. 21:12; 2 Sam. 10:4; 14:26; 1 Chron. 19:4; Isa. 7:20; Jer. 41:5; Ezek. 44:20; Acts 5:41; 21:24; 1 Cor. 11:5-6; Eph. 6:17; Heb. 4:12; 6:6; 12:2; Rev. 3:18.

18. BAREFOOT

PRIMARY MEANING:  Humiliation, embarrassment; humility.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 3:5; 2 Sam. 15:30; Josh. 5:15; Rom. 10:15; Phil. 2.

BASIC INFORMATION:  To be barefooted is to wear nothing on one’s feet.  “Barefoot” is from the Hebrew “yacheph” (Strong’s #3182) which means “to take off the shoes; unsandalled.”  To go barefoot was a sign of great distress, mourning, or poverty.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was the Word who was made flesh (Jn. 1:14).  For our sakes, our High Priest took off His shoes of glory and became poor, that ye through His poverty might become rich (2 Cor. 8:9).  His deep poverty has abounded unto the riches of our liberality (2 Cor. 8:2).  Nothing separated His fleshy feet from the dust of this earth, for He was “touched with the feelings of our infirmities” (Ezek. 3:15; Heb. 4:14-16).  Jesus is the heavenly David who “went barefoot,” and ascended Mount Olivet, weeping as He went up (2 Sam. 15:30; Lk. 21:37; 22:39).  In His humiliation and passion, the Savior’s justice was taken away (Acts 8:32-33).  Jesus humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross (Phil. 2:8; Heb. 5:7-9).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  “Put off thy shoes from off thy feet” (Ex. 3:5); like Moses, the believer is barefooted in his work.  As with Joshua the soldier (Josh. 5:15) and Aaron the priest (Ex. 29:20), Christians are to walk softly as well in their warfare and worship.  Peter admonished, “Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you in due season” (1 Pet. 5:6).  Isaiah prophesied, “How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things” (Rom. 10:15)!

FURTHER STUDY:  See 1 Sam. 2:8; Psa. 9:18; 35:10; 47:3; 68:10; 72:4, 12-13; Prov. 15:33; 18:12; 22:4; Isa. 2:1-4; 11:4; 25:4; 41:17; Ezek. 24:17, 23; Jer. 2:25; Matt. 5:3; Lk. 4:18; Acts 7:33; 20:19; Eph. 6:15; Jas. 2:5; 1 Pet. 5:5.

19. BARLEY

PRIMARY MEANING:  Christ, the Bread of life.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 9:31; Num. 5:15; Jn. 6:48-58; 1 Cor. 10:16-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Considered to be the most universally cultivated cereal, barley was a staple article of diet for man and beast (provender for horses, mules, and donkeys), sometimes mixed with other cheap grains to make bread.  “Barley” is from the Hebrew “se’ orah” (Strong’s #8184) which means “roughness; barley (as villous or hairy).”  Its root “sa’ ar” (Strong’s #8175) means “to storm; by implication, to shiver, fear.”  Barley was well adapted to varied climates, ripening quickly and resistant to heat; it usually was harvested before wheat.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the living Bread which came down from Heaven (Jn. 6:51), an offering who brought iniquity to remembrance (Num. 5:15).  He was the “appointed Barley”–Heir of all things (Isa. 28:25; Heb. 1:1-2).  Like Hosea, He has bought His Bride “for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley” (Hos. 3:2; Gal. 3:13-14).  Jesus said, “He that eateth My flesh…dwelleth in Me, and I in him” (Jn. 6:56).  He has consecrated for us a new and living way through the veil of His flesh (Heb. 10:20).  Taste and see that the Lord is good (Psa. 34:8).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jesus taught, “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God” (Matt. 4:4).  Paul explained, “The bread which we brake, is it not the communion of the Body of Christ” (1 Cor. 10:16)?  The Body of Christ is like a cake of barley bread sent to smite the tents of wickedness (Judg. 7:13; 1 Cor. 10:17).  Our heavenly Boaz winnows barley tonight in the threshingfloor, sifting the harvest (Ruth 3:2).  He will bless His Church with seven “measures of barley” (Ruth 2:17; 3:15)–the “seven spirits of God,” the Spirit without measure (see Jn. 3:34; Rev. 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8; 1 Kg. 4:28; Judg. 7:13; Jn. 6:5, 13; Ruth 1:22; 2:23; 3:17; 1 Kg. 4:28; 2 Kg. 4:42; 7:1, 16-18; 2 Chron. 2:15; Job 31:40; Jer. 41:8;

Ezek 45:13; Joel 1:11; Jn. 6:9, 13; Rev. 6:6.

20. BARN

PRIMARY MEANING:  Storehouse.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 41; Prov. 3:10; Mal. 3:8-10; 2 Cor. 4:7.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A barn was a storehouse for seed or grain.  “Barn” is from the Hebrew “acam” (Strong’s #618) which means “to heap together; a storehouse (only in the plural).”  The Hebrew word for “storehouse” is “‘owtsar” (Strong’s #214) and means “a depository”  It is translated in the King James Version as “armory, cellar, garner, store,

storehouse, treasure, treasure-house, treasury.  In biblical times, such granaries or storerooms were usually underground.  It was a supply depot or warehouse for the storage of government supplies, such as food, treasures, and military equipment.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is heaven’s Storehouse, in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge (Prov. 2:4; Col. 2:3).  It pleased the Father that in Him should all fulness dwell (Col. 1:19).  Paul exclaimed, “O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God” (Rom. 11:33)!  The Church has been blessed with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ (Eph. 1:3).  Jesus created all things (Jn. 1:3)–”He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap; He layeth up the depth in storehouses” (Psa. 33:7).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul affirmed, “But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us” (2 Cor. 4:7)  The Lord has commanded blessing our storehouses (Deut. 28:8).  We are not to be as the foolish rich man who pulled down his barns to build greater (Lk. 12:18), but have determined to lay up treasures in heaven (Matt. 6:20).  The Church is like a storehouse holding the shields (acts of faith) of mighty men (Song 4:4; Eph. 6:16; Heb. 11).  Malachi declared, “Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in Mine house” (Mal. 3:10).  “So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine” (Prov. 3:9-10).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 41; Ex. 1:11; 1 Kg. 9:19; 1 Chron. 26:15; 27:25; 2 Chron. 8:4-6; 11:11; 16:5-6; 17:12; 32:27-29; Neh. 3:19; 10:38; 13:5; Job 39:12; Jer. 50:26; Joel 1:17; Hag. 2:19; Matt. 3:12; 6:26; 13:30, 44-46; Lk. 3:17; 10:21; 12:24; Jn. 1:16; Rev. 2:17.

21. BARREN

PRIMARY MEANING:  That which is unfruitful, unproductive.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 107:34; 113:9; Isa. 54:1; 2 Pet. 1:8.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Barrenness is the condition of being unable to bear children.  “Barren” is from the Hebrew “‘aqar” (Strong’s #6135) which means “sterile (as if extirpated in the generative organs).”  It is taken from a root which means “to pluck up (especially by the roots); specifically, to hamstring; figuratively, to exterminate.”  Two Greek words are rendered as “barren”:  “steiros” (stiff and unnatural; hard or firm; tight, rigid, obstinate), and “argos” (inactive, unemployed, useless; incapable of action).  In the Bible, the term is also applied figuratively to anything that is unproductive, such as land or a nation.  In the Old Testament, barrenness was looked on as a curse or punishment from God.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  There are seven barren women in the Bible.  Their fruit (sons) reflect various aspects of God’s Son, Jesus Christ:

1. Sarah bore Isaac – laughter or joy.

2. Rebekah bore Jacob – transformation.

3. Rachel bore Joseph – humility and patience.

4. Manoah’s wife bore Samson – strength.

5. Hannah bore Samuel – the spirit of prophecy.

6. Elisabeth bore John the Baptist – repentance and purging.

7. The Virgin Mary bore Jesus – total perfection!

The epitome of barrenness was Mary, of whom the prophet said, “Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall His name Immanuel” (Isa. 7:14; Matt. 1:22-25).  The Messiah was “that holy Thing” born of Mary’s flesh (Lk. 1:34-37).  Jesus Christ was Heaven’s salt cast into the spring of the waters who has healed mankind of all barrenness (2 Kg. 2;21; 1 Pet. 2:24).  He who is total Perfection, the completion and fulfillment of all things, the Pattern Son, our Savior and Lord, now comes forth in all His glory and splendor!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  As revealed in the Greek words above, some are barren because they have hardened their hearts–a closed womb is a closed mind.  Others are unfruitful because they are lazy and will not work, making no effort to grow in God, barren because they choose to be.

But God makes the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children (Psa. 113:9).  The Father desires His flock to be fruitful, until there is none barren among them (Song 4:2; 6:6).  Peter desired that we “shall neither be barren or unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ” (2 Pet. 1:8)–until Christ be formed in a body of people (Gal. 4:19; Col. 1:27).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 11:27-30; 16:2; 20:18; 25:19-21; 29:31; Ex. 23:26; Deut. 7:14; Judg. 13:1-5; 1 Sam. 1:1-7; 2:5; 2 Kg. 2:19; Job 24:21; 39:6; Prov. 30:16; Joel 2:20; Matt. 13:22; Mk. 4:19; Lk. 1:5-7, 24-37; 23:29; 1 Cor. 14:14; Gal. 4:19, 27; Eph. 5:11; Tit. 3:14; Jude 1:12.

22. BARUCH

PRIMARY MEANING:  Blessing, prosperity through God’s Word.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 1:1-3; Jer. 32:12-16; 36:1-32; 45:1-5.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Baruch, son of Neriah and a member of a prominent Judean family, was the scribe or secretary of Jeremiah the prophet.  “Baruch” is from the Hebrew “Baruwk” (Strong’s #1263) and means “blessed.”  It is taken from the root “barak” (Strong’s #1288) which means “to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration).”  “Baruch” has also been translated as “prospered of God.”  In the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim, king of Judah (about 605 B.C.), Baruch wrote and read Jeremiah’s prophecies of destruction from the prophet’s dictation.  Jeremiah 45 is a personal word from Jeremiah to Baruch.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the heavenly Baruch who bore our griefs and carried our sorrows (Isa. 53:4; Jer. 45:3).  He is like Jeremiah who bought the field, selling all that He had (Jer. 32:9; Matt. 13:44; Jn. 15:13).  He has given the “evidence of the purchase” unto His people, subscribing the divine title-deed in a book, the “Lamb’s book of life” (Jer. 32:12; Heb. 11:1; Rev. 21:27).  Paul said, “Christ hath redeemed us…that the blessings of Abraham might come on the gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith” (Gal. 3:13-14).  Just as Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the Lord (Jer. 36:4), Jesus Christ was the sum total all that the Father had to say, the living Word from the Father’s bosom (Jn. 1:1, 18)–the total contents of Jeremiah’s “roll,” the “volume of the Book” (Jer. 36: Psa. 40:7; Heb. 10:7).  He was the Word that went forth out of the mouth of the Father (Isa. 55:11; Jn. 17:4).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Psalmist declared that “blessed is the man” whose “delight is in the law of the Lord; and in his law doth he meditate day and night…and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper” (Psa. 1:1-3; Josh. 1:7).  God’s Word is to be written in our hearts and flow from our tongues like the pen of a ready writer (Psa. 19:14; 45:1; 2 Cor. 3:2).  We have been sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise, the earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession (Eph. 1:13-14).  This “treasure” has been placed in an earthen vessel (Jer. 32:14; 2 Cor. 4:7).  Those who read “the Book” are blessed (Jer. 36:8; Rev. 1:3).  The believer is to keep the words of the covenant, and do them, that he may prosper in all that he endeavors (Deut. 29:9; 1 Kg. 2:3; 3 Jn. 1:2).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 39:3; Judg. 5:14; 2 Sam. 8:17; 1 Kg. 10:17; 2 Kg. 18:18; 22:3, 8-12; 1 Chron. 24:6; 2 Chron. 26:11; Ezra 7:11, 21; Neh. 2:20; 8:1-4;  Psa. 32:2; 34:8; 65:4; 84:5, 12: 94:12; 112;1; Prov. 8:34; Eccl. 7:14; Isa. 56:2; Jer. 17:7; 43:3, 6; Zech. 1:17; Rom. 4:8; Jas. 1:12.

23. BARZILLAI

PRIMARY MEANING:  Kindness.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  2 Sam. 17:27-29; 19:31-39; 1 Kg. 2:7; 1 Cor. 13:4; Eph. 4:32.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Barzillai was a member of the tribe of Gilead from Rogelim who brought provisions to David and his army at Mahanaim, where they had fled from Absalom.  “Barzillai” is from the Hebrew “Barzillay” (Strong’s #1271) which means “iron-hearted.”  It is taken from “barzel” (iron) and “Birzowth” (to pierce; holes).  “Barzillai has also been translated as “iron, man of iron, strong.”  On his deathbed, David remembered Barzillai’s kindness and reminded Solomon to care for his children.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus is God (Jn. 1:1), God is love (1 Jn. 4:7-8), and love is “kind” (1 Cor. 13:4).  Our Lord is Jesus the lion-hearted (Rev. 5:5), strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle (Psa. 24:8; Jn. 19:30), whose hands and feet were pierced (Psa. 22:16; Jn. 19:37).  He is Heaven’s “wheat, and barley…and honey, and butter,” to feed “the hungry, the weary, and thirsty” (2 Sam. 17:28-29).  Like Barzillai, Jesus is “a very great man” (2 Sam. 19:32; Heb. 7:4).  Our Redeemer is the Source of everlasting kindness (Isa. 54:8).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  King Jesus has “kissed” and “blessed” us (2 Sam. 19:39; Song 1:2).  He is not unrighteous to forget our work and labour of love (Heb. 6:10).  God has shown kindness unto the sons of Barzillai, privileging us to eat at His table (1 Kg. 2:7; Rev. 3:21).  We can say with the Psalmist, “Blessed be the Lord, for He hath shewed me His marvellous kindness” (Psa. 31:21).  In the tongue of the virtuous Woman, the glorious Church, is “the law of kindness” (Prov. 31:26; Eph. 5:31-32).  Christians are commanded to be “kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ’s sake” has forgiven us (Eph. 4:32).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 24:12-14; Ruth 2:20; 3:10; 2 Sam. 2:5-6; 9:1-7; 1 Kg. 3:6; Neh. 9:17; Psa. 117:2; 119:76; 141:5; Isa. 54:10; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2; Lk. 6:35; Acts 28:2; 2 Cor. 6:6; Eph. 2:7; Col. 3:12; Tit. 3:4; 2 Pet. 1:7.

24. BASHAN

PRIMARY MEANING:  Self-indulgent arrogance; demons.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Deut. 3:1-13; Psa. 22:12; Amos 4:1; Matt. 23.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bashan is the territory east of the Jordan River and the Sea of Galilee.  “Bashan” is transliterated from the Hebrew “Bashan” (Strong’s #1316).  Of uncertain derivation, “Bashan” has been translated to mean “fertile plain; light, sandy soil; fruitful.”  A rich, fertile tableland, Bashan became the “breadbasket” of the region, abundant with wheat fields and livestock.  At the time of the Exodus, King Og ruled Bashan.  When Og was defeated, his territory was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Psalm 22 is the “Psalm of the Cross.”

Verses twelve and thirteen describe religious spirits and demon powers that assailed our Lord in His crucifixion:  “Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.  They gaped upon Me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion” (Psa. 22:12-13; 1 Pet. 5:8).

Jesus is the heavenly Moses who smote satan, typified by Og, the arrogant king of Bashan (Num. 21:33-35).  The Pharisees and Sadducees, the demonized religious spirits who plotted Jesus’ death were addressed by the prophet, “Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy…The Lord God…will take you away with hooks” (Amos 4:1-3; Matt. 23).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Bashan was called the land of “giants” (Deut. 3:13), a type of demon spirits.  The cities of Bashan are fenced with high walls, gates, and bars (Deut. 3:5).  As the Christian journeys toward Canaan, he is to cast down every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God (2 Cor. 10:5), especially spiritual wickedness in high places (Eph. 6:12).  We have been brought back from Bashan, pulled from the depths of sin (Psa. 68:22; Isa. 57:20).  As God restores the Church to its rightful habitation, we “shall feed on Carmel and Bashan” (Jer. 50:19).  “Manasseh,” which means “causing forgetfulness,” possessed Bashan.  We have been delivered from the power of darkness and the remembrance of sin (Phil. 3:13; Col. 1:9-13; Heb. 10:3, 22).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Num. 21:33; Deut. 4:47; 29:7; Josh. 9:10; 21:27; 2 Kg. 10:32-33; Psa. 68:15; 135:11; 136:20; Isa. 2:13; 33:9; Jer. 22;20; Ezek. 27:6; 39:18; Mic. 7:14; Nah. 1:4; Zech. 11:2.

25. BASIN (BASON)

PRIMARY MEANING:  An earthen vessel.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 12:22; 27:3; Num. 4:14; Jn. 13:5; 1 Cor. 4:7.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A basin was a round, shallow container, such as a cup or bowl, used primarily for holding liquids.

There are different Hebrew words for “bason”:  “caph” (Strong’s #5592) means “a vestibule (as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or wine)”; “mizraq” (Strong’s #4219) which means “a bowl (as if for sprinkling)”; and “kephowr” (Strong’s #3713) which means “a cover, a tankard (or covered goblet),” whose root is the Hebrew word for “atonement.”  Basins were used for washing, for holding wine and other liquids, and for receiving the blood of sacrifices.  Usually basins were fashioned out of bronze, brass, or earthenware.  The priests used vessels of bronze or silver, and the vessels for Solomon’s Temple were of gold.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  At the Last Supper, Jesus Christ rose “from supper, and laid aside His garments, and took a towel, and girded Himself.  After that He poureth water into a basin” (Jn. 13:4-5).  The Son has left the Father’s table, laid aside His deity (Phil. 2:5-11), and girded Himself in flesh (Jn. 1:14).  As the lowly Servant of Jehovah, the Son of man came to give His life a ransom for many (Isa. 42:1-5; Mk. 10:45).  He was redemption’s silver goblet (1 Chron. 28:17), the life of the Father poured into a “basin” of earth.  While Jesus was eating this covenant meal with His disciples, He dipped His hand into a “dish” (basin), predicting His betrayal and death (Matt. 26:21-25).  It was His own Lamb’s blood that was in the bason, to be sprinkled on Heaven’s altar (Ex. 12:22; 24:6; Heb. 13:10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul declared, “But we have this treasure in earthen vessels” (2 Cor. 4:7).  The Church is a candlestick of pure gold and its members are “bowls” of the Lord (Ex. 25:31; Rev. 1:20).  Redeemed in Christ, each believer is a lordly dish (Judg. 5:25), a vessel unto honour, sanctified, ready for the Master’s use, and prepared unto every good work (2 Tim. 2:21).  Believers can go to one another and drink from the rivers of living water (Ruth 2:9; Jn. 7:38).  We have been filled like bowls (Zech. 9:15).  Our lives have become an offering in a “clean vessel” for the house of the Lord (Isa. 66:20).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 24:6; 38:3; Lev. 17:11; Num. 4:14; 7:13; 2 Sam. 17:28; 1 Kg. 7:40, 45, 50; 2 Kg. 12:13; 1 Chron. 6:49; 28:17; 2 Chron. 4:8, 11, 22; 29:24; Ezra 1:10; 8:17; Neh. 7:70; 10:33; Jer. 52:19; Zech. 14:20; Matt. 26:21-25; Jn. 1:1-18; Col. 1:19; 2:9.

26. BASKET

PRIMARY MEANING:  Divine provision, blessing; preservation.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 29:3; Deut. 28:5; Acts 9:25; Phil. 4:19.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A basket is a container made of woven cane or other fibers.  “Basket” is from the Hebrew “cal” (Strong’s #5536) which means “a willow twig (as pendulous), an osier; but only as woven into a basket.”  Another Old Testament word is “tene’” (Strong’s #2935) which means

“to weave; a basket (of interlaced osiers).”  An “osier” is

a willow twig.  There are two Greek words for “basket”:  “kophinos” (a small wicker basket) and “spuris” (a woven hamper or lunch receptacle; something round, twisted, or folded together; a plaited reed basket, sometimes large enough to hold a man).  Baskets had many shapes, sizes, and uses, the most ingenious of which was Paul’s means of escape.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the consummate Sacrifice who appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself (Heb. 9:26-28).  He is the divine Bullock and Ram, the Bread and the Oil, all in “one basket” (Ex. 29:3).  Our Savior is the Basket the unleavened bread that is before the Lord (Ex. 29:23; Jn. 6:48).  The “Firstfruits” was put in a basket and offered to the Lord (Deut. 26:2, 4; Rom. 8:29; 1 Cor. 15:20).  He’s all we need (Psa. 23:1; Phil. 4:19).  There’s a Man in the basket (Acts 9:25; 1 Tim. 3:16)–His name is Jesus!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers are privileged to eat the Ram’s flesh and the Bread that is in the basket (Ex. 29:32; Jn. 6:48-58)!  Like Aaron, Jesus is our High Priest–His sons partake of the basket of consecrations (Lev. 8:31; 1 Cor. 10:17).  The Church, the Body of Christ, is a basket of very good figs (Jer. 24:2).  There’s a corporate Man in the basket (2 Cor. 11:33; Eph. 4:13).  After we have eaten and are filled, our baskets still overflow with the fragments of His blessing (Matt. 14:20; 15:37; 16:9-10).  The promised word is sure to the believer:  “Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store” (Deut. 28:5).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 40:16-18; Lev. 8:2, 26; Num. 6:15-19; Deut. 26:2; 28:5, 17; Judg. 6:19; 2 Kg. 10:7; Psa. 81:6; 2 Kg. 10:7; Jer. 6:9; Amos 8:1-2; Mk. 6:43; 8:8, 19-20; Lk. 9:17; 12:30-33; Jn. 6:13; 2 Cor. 9:8-11; 12:9.

27. BATH

PRIMARY MEANING:  The measure of Christ; cleansing, purification.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ezek. 45:11-14; Jn. 15:3; Eph. 4:13; 5:25-27.

BASIC INFORMATION:   The bath was the equivalent in liquid measure to the ephah in dry measure.  “Bath” is transliterated from the Hebrew “bath” (Strong’s #1324) and means “a bath or Hebrew measure (as a means of division) of liquids.”  Its root “battah” (Strong’s #1327) means “to break in pieces; desolation.”  The standard liquid measure, equaling not quite six gallons, the bath was used to measure water, wine, and oil.  In daily Bible life, the bath was taken at the end of the day.  A full bath had to be taken at a spring or in a river.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, who Created and measured all things (Isa. 40:12; Jn. 1:3), is the divine Measure for all things, including “water” (the Word), “oil” (the Spirit), and “wine” (the joy)(1 Kg. 7:26; 2 Chron. 2:10; Isa. 5:10).  Jesus, the just Bath (Ezek. 45:10), came to destroy or dismantle the works of the devil (1 Jn. 3:8).  The Molten Sea in Solomon’s Temple was patterned after the Brazen Laver in Moses’ Tabernacle (Ex. 30:17-21)–both speak of Jesus Christ who is made unto us “sanctification” (1 Cor. 1:30).  Paul testified, “Christ also loved the Church, and gave Himself for it; that He might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the Word” (Eph. 5:25-26).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We have been given the Bath from Heaven, washed with pure water (Heb. 10:22).  The apostle said, “But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God” (1 Cor. 6:11).  We have experienced the washing of regeneration, and the renewing of the Holy Ghost (Tit. 3:5).  As priests of the Lord, we go daily to the Brazen Laver, the mirror of His Word, to wash our hands (our works) and feet (our walk)–that we might have clean hands and a pure heart (Psa. 24:3-4; Jn. 15:3; Jas. 1:21-25).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 49:11; Ex. 30:17-21; 38:8; 40:30-32; Lev. 13:56; 1 Kg. 7:23-26, 38; 2 Chron. 2:10; 4:5; Ezra 7:22; Neh. 4:23; Psa. 51:7, 10; 73:1; 119:9; Isa. 5:10; Jn. 9:7-15; 13:10-14; Song 4:2; 6:6; Lk. 5:2; Jn. 15:2; 2 Cor. 3:18; Rev. 19:8, 14.

28. BEAM

PRIMARY MEANING:  Support, foundation.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  1 Kg. 6:6-9, 36; Lk. 6:47-49; 1 Cor. 3:11; Col. 1:17; Heb. 6:1-3.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A beam is huge timber that supports the roof and floor of a large building.  “Beam” is from the Hebrew “geb” (Strong’s #1356) which means “a log (as cut out); also well or cistern (as dug).”  The Greek word for “beam” is “dokos” (Strong’s #1385) which means “(through the idea of holding up); a stick of timber.”  Its root “dechomai” means “to receive”–beams were received at their ends into walls or pieces of timber.  Heavy wooden beams, hewn from the famed cedars of Lebanon, were used in the construction of Solomon’s Temple.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is Heaven’s Cedar, the King of the trees.  Messiah the Prince was cut off, but not for Himself (Dan. 9:27), dying for the ungodly (Rom. 5:6).  Jesus framed the worlds (ages) by the Word of God (Jn. 1:1-4; Heb. 11:3), and now stands under everything He made, supporting and upholding all things.  Paul affirmed, “He is before all things, and by Him all things consist,” or “stand together” (Col. 1:17).  Jesus is the sure foundation (1 Cor. 3:11).  The One who stretched out the heavens like a curtain laid the beams of His chambers in the waters (Psa. 104:2-3).  The divine Beam came unto His own, but His own received him not.  But as many as received Him were given the right to become the sons of God, fitly framed together (Jn. 1:11-12; Eph. 2:19-22).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jude declared, “Now unto Him who is able to keep you from falling, and to present you faultless” (Jude 1:24-25).  The Church, the New Testament Temple, has a row of cedar beams (1 Kg. 6:36) built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the Chief Corner Stone (Eph. 2:20).  Every man has to have a personal relationship with the golden “Beam” Christ Jesus (2 Kg. 6:2; 2 Chron. 3:7).  We are to lay a solid foundation in our walk with God (HEb. 6:1-3).  In our dealings with one another, our King commanded us to “cast out first the beam out of thine own eye, and then shalt thou see clearly to pull out the mote that is in thy brother’s eye” (Lk. 6:42).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Judg. 16;14; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 21:19; 1 Kg. 7:1-12; 2 Kg. 6:5; 1 Chron. 11:23; 20:5; Neh. 2:8; 3:3, 6; Psa. 87:1; 102:25; Prov. 10:25; Isa. 28:16; 48:13; Song 1:17; Hab. 2:11; Zech. 4:9; Matt. 7:1-5; Lk. 6:41-49; 2 Tim. 2:19; Heb. 6:1-3.

29. BEAR

PRIMARY MEANING:  The fierce, crushing cruelty of the world.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  1 Sam. 17:34-36; 2 Sam. 17:8; 2 Kg. 2:24; 1 Jn. 2:15-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bears were cunning and fierce, a threat to man and beast.  They ate honey, fruit, and livestock, harming both crops and herds.  “Bear” is from the Hebrew “dob” (Strong’s #1677) which means “the bear (as slow).”  Its root “dabab” (Strong’s #1680) means “to move slowly, glide.”  Bears are easily angered and are prone to attack man, as did the two female bears that mauled the boys who taunted the prophet Elisha.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the Good Shepherd, the heavenly David, confronted the “bear” of this world (1 Sam. 17:34; Jn. 10:11).  He went out after him and smote him (1 Sam. 17:35), then declared, “Be of good cheer; I have overcome the world” (Jn. 16:33).  Jesus gave Himself for our sins, that He might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God (Gal. 1:4).  Ultimately, Jesus’ triumph will bring forth a time when “the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox” (Isa. 11:7).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We have been delivered by the Lord out of the mouth of the “bear,” a world system that has arrogantly defied the armies of the living God (1 Sam. 17:34-37).  Carnal men are bitter in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps.  Their father Adam is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people of God (2 Sam. 17:8).  Fools in their folly are cursed and torn by the merciless spirit of this world (2 Kg. 2:24; Prov. 17:12).  The rulers of darkness energize wicked men, who are like “a ranging bear” hungry for prey, to “devour much flesh” (Prov. 28:15; Dan. 7:5; Eph. 6:12).  But what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul (Matt. 16:26)?

FURTHER STUDY:  See 2 Sam. 17:8; Lam. 3:10; Isa. 11:7; 59:11; Lam. 3:10; Hos. 13:8; Amos 5:19; Matt. 4:8; 13:22; 18:7; Jn. 1:9-12; Jn. 3:16-17; 8:23; 12:31; 14:27, 30; 16:8-11; 18:36; 1 Cor. 2:8, 12; 3:19; 4:13; Phil. 2:5; Eph. 2:1-3; Col. 2:8; 1 Tim. 6:7-10; 2 Tim. 4:10; Heb. 11:7; Jas. 1:27; 4:4; 2 Pet. 1:4; 1 Jn. 2:15-17; 3:1; 4:4-6; Rev. 11:15.

30. BEARD

PRIMARY MEANING:  Manhood, maturity, full growth.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 133:2; Mk. 4:28; Eph. 4:13-15; 2 Pet. 3:18.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A beard is the hair on a man’s face.  “Beard” is from the Hebrew “zaqan” (Strong’s #2206) which means “the beard (as indicating age).”  Its root “zaqen” (Strong’s #2204) means “to be old.”  An oiled and well-kept beard was a mark of pride.  The Law of Moses required Israelite men not to disfigure the edges of their beards, a common practice of Israel’s pagan neighbors.  To shave or pull out part of the beard was a sign of grief, and to cut off someone’s beard was to insult him.  The word “beard” does not appear in the New Testament.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the model of our maturity in God, the Firstborn among many brethren (Rom. 8:29).  Our exalted Lord received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:33).  Jesus is the heavenly Aaron, the “Head” of the Church (Eph. 1:20-23).  The precious ointment of the Holy Spirit has flowed down His beard to the skirts of the garments adorning His Body (Psa. 133:2).  Jesus is the One who grew up before the Father as a tender plant (Isa. 53:2).  In His mighty victory at Calvary, He cut off the beard of every enemy (Isa. 15:2).  Luke tells of the Pattern Son who grew, becoming strong in spirit, filled with wisdom and grace–”And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man” (Lk. 2:40, 52).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers are to grow up into the Headship of Christ in all things (Eph. 4:15).  The Psalmist declared, “Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!  It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that ran down upon the beard, even Aaron’s beard, that went down to the skirts of his garments” (Psa. 133:1-2).  Believers are to grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord until we all come into the unity of the faith, and the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a mature corporate Man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ (Eph. 4:13; 1 Pet. 2:2; 2 Pet. 3:18).  Jesus is the Vine, the rod out of the stem (David) of Jesse; His Church is the Branch that shall grow out of His roots (Isa. 11:1; Jn. 15:1-5).  God promised, “Those that be planted in the house of the Lord shall flourish in the courts of our God.  They shall still bring forth fruit in old age” (Psa. 92:13-14; Mk. 4:28).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Lev. 14:9; 19:27-30; 21:5; 1 Sam. 17:35; 21:13; 2 Sam. 10:4-5; 19:24; 20:9; Ezra 9:3; Psa. 37:25; 71:18; Prov. 17:6; 20:29; 23:10; Isa. 7:20; 46:4; 65:20; Jer. 33:15; 48:37-38; Ezek. 5:1; 47:12; Joel 2:28; Zech. 6:12; Matt. 13:32; Jn. 3:30; Acts 2:17; 12:24; 19:20; Rom. 8:15, 23; 9:4; Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:5; Tit. 2:2; Phile. 1:9.

31. BED

PRIMARY MEANING:  Sabbath rest, peace; place of ease.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 41:3; Song 3:7; Amos 6:1; Jn. 14:27; Heb. 4:1-9.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A bed is the place for reclining and sleeping.  “Bed” is from the Hebrew “mittah” (Strong’s #4296) and means “a bed (as extended) for sleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier.”  It comes from a root which means “to stretch or spread out.”  The Greek word for “bed” is “kline” (a couch) and comes from a verb meaning “to lean, recline, incline.”  Most people slept on a mat spread on the floor.  During the day, the mats were rolled up and stored.  The wealthier classes often had an actual bed to sleep on.  The bed is seen not only as a place to sleep, but also as a place of meditation and prayer.  Negatively, the bed was also a place of ease and luxury, laziness, and scheming.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is our peace (Eph. 2:14).  The Song of Songs declares, “Behold his bed, which is Solomon’s; threescore valiant men are about it, of the valiant of Israel” (Song 3:7; Matt. 12:42).  “His cheeks are as a bed of spices, as sweet flowers” (Song 5:13).  Jesus is the Good Shepherd who will feed His flock, causing them to lie down (Ezek. 34:15; Jn. 10:1-10).  Heaven’s Ox is meek and lowly in heart, the One who has given rest to our souls; His yoke is easy and His burden is light (Matt. 11:28-30).  Jesus, the Prince and King of peace, said, “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you.  Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid” (Isa. 9:6; Jn. 14:27; Heb. 7:2).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Christian has been raised from the bed of affliction to a place of rest with Christ (Matt. 9:2; Eph. 2:6).  Made whole, we have taken up our bed, and walked, exulting in His rest and peace (Jn. 5:9).  Believers have opened their hearts and homes to Him, and “set for Him there a bed” (2 Kg. 4:10).  We have died to sin, hid with Christ in God (2 Chron. 22:11; Col. 3:3).  Our bed is green (Song 1:16), the color of life; our Good Shepherd makes us to lie down in green pastures (Psa. 23:2).  Our covenant of marriage with Him is honorable and undefiled (Eph. 5:31-33; Heb. 13:4).  The promise is sure:  “When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet” (Prov. 3:24).  Resting in Him, the peace of God, which passes all understanding, keeps our hearts and minds through Christ Jesus (Phil. 4:7).  God has promised, “The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing:  Thou wilt make all his bed in his sickness” (Psa. 41:3).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 22:26-27; Deut. 24:13; 1 Sam. 3:3; 19:13-16; 1 Kg 17:19; Esth. 1:6; Psa. 6:6; 36:4; 63:6; Prov. 26:14; Eccl. 10:20; Song 3:1; Isa. 26:3; 54:10; Amos 6:4; Matt. 9:6; Mk. 2:4-12; 4:21; 6:55; Lk. 11:7; 17:34; Jn. 5:8-12; Acts 5:15; 9:33-34; Rom. 10:15; 14:17; Eph. 4:3; 6:15; Heb. 4:1-9; 12:14; Rev. 2:22; 14:13.

32. BEES

PRIMARY MEANING:  Order, intelligence; also God’s wrath.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Deut. 1:44; Judg. 14:8; Isa. 9:7; 1 Cor. 15:55; Phil. 2:5.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bees are not mentioned often in the Bible, but honey is.  “Bee” is from the Hebrew “debowrah” (Strong’s #1682) which means “orderly motion; the bee (from its systematic instincts).”  Its root “dabar” (Strong’s #1696) means “to arrange; but used figuratively (of words),

to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue.”  Compare the name of “Deborah,” one of the judges of Israel.  Honey was the major sweetening substance for primitive peoples.  The Promised Land was described as flowing with milk and honey.  Angry bees can be ferocious when disturbed or threatened.  Wild bees of Palestine often choose strange hives, including the clefts of high rocks.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Bee of Heaven who took the sting out of death (1 Cor. 15:55)!  The Lamb of God was the ultimate Sacrifice, crucified upon the top of a rocky hill, in the ordered place (Judg. 6:26).  On the cross Jesus made an everlasting covenant with man, ordered in all things, and sure (2 Sam. 23:5).  Our Lord prevailed to open the book (Rev. 5:5), and is able to subdue all things unto Himself (Phil. 3:21; 1 Cor. 15:28).  The Psalmist declared, “He is a great King over all the earth.  Our King shall subdue the people under us, and the nations under our feet” (Psa. 47:2-3).  His Kingdom has been ordered and established with judgment and with justice (Isa. 9:7).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The bee is usually mentioned in the plural, and we are the Body of Christ, members in particular (1 Cor. 12:27).  The Church is a swarm of bees and honey (Judg. 14:8) in the Body of the Lion of the tribe of Juda (Rev. 5:5).  We have been set in order like the boards of the Tabernacle that were fitly framed together (Ex. 26:17; Eph. 2:21; 4:16).  The Bride of Christ, whose lips drop as the honeycomb (Song 4:11; 5:1), is typified by Deborah (Judg. 4-5)–we have the mind of Christ (1 Cor. 2:16; Phil. 2:5).  With this higher intelligence, we seek God after the due order (1 Chron. 15:13).  Like a colony or hive of bees, the work of the Lord is done decently and in order (1 Cor. 14:40).  Each believer must say with the Psalmist, “Order my steps” in the honey of the Word (Psa. 119:133).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 1:28; 22:9; 43:11; Deut. 32:13; Josh. 18:1; 2 Sam. 8:11; Job 10:22; Psa. 19:10; 37:23; 81:16; 110:4; 118:12; 119:103; Prov. 24:13; 25:16, 27; Isa. 7:18; Ezek. 27:17; Matt. 3:4; Mk. 1:6; Acts 11:4; 18:23; 1 Cor. 11:34; 15:23; Col. 2:5; Tit. 1:5; Heb. 11:3; Rev. 10:9-10.

33. BEERSHEBA

PRIMARY MEANING:  Oath, covenant; seven spirits of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 21:23-33; Isa. 11:1-2; Heb. 5:5-6; Rev. 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6.

BASIC INFORMATION:  “Beersheba,” the chief city of the Negev, is transliterated from the Hebrew “Be’er Sheba’” (Strong’s #884) and means “well of an oath; Beer-Sheba.”  It is taken from two words:  “e’er” (pit, well; to dig, engrave; figuratively, to explain) and “sheba’” (seven).  Compare the latter with “shaba’” (Strong’s #7650) which means “to be complete; to seven oneself, swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times).”  “Beersheba” has also been translated as “well of the oath, well of fulfillment, the seventh well.”  Beersheba was considered the southern extremity of the promised land, giving rise to the often-used expression, “from Dan (in the north) to Beersheba.”  In Beersheba, Abraham pledged to Abimelech seven ewe lambs to bear witness to the sincerity of his oath; from this transaction came the name “Beersheba.”  At Beersheba a number of important encounters took place between God and man as God appeared to Hagar, Isaac, and Jacob.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  The Pattern Son was “the Well of the seven” spirits of God (the fullness of the Spirit), anointed with the Spirit without measure (Jn. 3:34).  It pleased the Father that in Him should dwell all the fulness of the Godhead bodily (Col. 1:19; 2:9).  The Father and the Son cut the everlasting Covenant and confirmed it by an oath (Heb. 6:16-17; 13:20).  The Father said to the Son, “Thou art a Priest forever after the order of Melchisedec”–Jesus was made the Surety of a better covenant (Heb. 7:21-22, 28).  Believers are complete in Him, the Head of all principality and power (Lev. 23:15; Col. 2:10; 4:12).  We dwelling safely in Christ, every man under his vine and his fig tree, “from Dan even to Beersheba” (1 Kg. 4:25).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Beersheba was in the tribe of Simeon, which means “he who hears”–hearing and obeying the voice of God is the basis of covenant.  Every Spirit-filled Christian has become a “well of the oath,” the New Covenant completed in Jesus’ blood.  The water of His Word is a well springing up into everlasting life (Jn. 4:14; 7:38).  We have been given the firstfruits of the Spirit by measure, the earnest of our inheritance (Rom. 8:23; Eph. 1:13-14).  Moreover, the Church has been promised the same anointing that rests upon Jesus, “the seven Spirits of God,” the Spirit in fullness (Rev. 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6)–the seven-fold anointing described in Isaiah 11:1-2.  With great joy we draw water from the wells of salvation (Isa. 12:3).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 21:14; 22:19; 26:15-19, 23-33; 28:10; 46:1-5; Ex. 15:27; Deut. 6:11; Josh. 15:28; 19:1-2; Judg. 20:1; 1 Sam. 3:20; 2 Sam. 3:10; 24:2, 15; 1 Kg. 19:3; 1 Chron. 21:2; 2 Chron. 19:4; 30:5; Amos 5:5; 8:14;  Lk. 4:14-19; Acts 10:38; 1 Cor. 13:8-13; Eph. 4:11-16; Phil. 1:6.

34. BEHEMOTH

PRIMARY MEANING:  Jesus and His brethren, the sons of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Job 40:15-24; Rom. 8:11-23; 1 Cor. 12; Heb. 2:6-13.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Behemoth could mean elephant, crocodile,

hippopotamus, water buffalo, or mythological monster.  “Behemoth” is the transliteration of “behemoth” (Strong’s #930) and means “in form a plural, but really a singular of Egyptian derivation; a water-ox, the hippopotamus or Nilehorse.”  Compare “behemah” (Strong’s #929) which means (to be mute); properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective).”  The latter is rendered in the King James Version as “beast, cattle.”  God humbled Job by praising two of His creations, behemoth and leviathan.  Hippopotamus is the best choice for the precise meaning of behemoth.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ “is the Chief of the ways of God” (Job 40:19)–the word for “chief” means “first in place, time, order, or rank (specifically, a first-fruit).”  Jesus is “the Chief Singer” (Hab. 3:19), “the Chief Cornerstone” (Eph. 2:20; 1 Pet. 2:6), and “the Chief Shepherd” (1 Pet. 5:4).  He is the Firstfruits of them that slept (1 Cor. 15:20) and the Firstborn among many brethren (Psa. 89:27; Rom. 8:29).  The characteristics of “behemoth” are fulfilled in Jesus Christ (Job 40:15-24):

1. “He eateth grass as an ox” (Prov. 14:4; Matt. 11:28-30).

2. “His strength is in his loins” (Phil. 4:13).

3. “He moveth his tail like a cedar” (1 Kg. 4:33; Rev. 1:5).

4. “His bones are as strong pieces of brass” (1 Cor. 12:27).

5. “The mountains bring him forth food” (Psa. 72; Isa. 2).

6. “He lieth under the shady trees” (Isa. 28:12; Heb. 4:10).

7. “The willows of the brook compass him” (Isa. 53:3-8).

8. “He drinketh up a river” (Jn. 7:37-39; Acts 2:33-36).

9. “He can draw up Jordan” (Jn. 11:25; 1 Cor. 15:51-57).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Behemoth is a creature of peace–we have been domesticated in Christ (Job 40:15; Isa. 26:3; Jn. 14:27).  The full description of Behemoth is a picture of the Corporate “Man” of the New Testament, the many-membered Body of Christ (1 Cor. 12:12-27; Eph. 4:13, 23-24).  Paul revealed, “For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the Captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.  For both He that sanctifieth and they that are sanctified are all of one, for which cause He is not ashamed to call them brethren” (Heb. 2:10-11).  John added, “Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God” (1 Jn. 3:1).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Jer. 3:19; Hos. 1:10; Matt. 12:48-50; 25:40; Jn. 1:11-13; 17:17-24; Gal. 3:27-4:7; Rom. 8:1-39; 9:25-26; 1 Cor. 15:49; 2 Cor. 3:18; 6:18; Phil. 3:20-21; Col. 3:10; Heb. 5:7-9; 6:19-20; 12:5-12; 2 Pet. 1:1-4; Rev. 2:26-28; 3:20-21; 12:1-5; 14:1-5; 21:7.

35. BELLS

PRIMARY MEANING:  Gifts of the Spirit; Song of the Lord.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 28:33-34; 39:25-26; Zech. 14:20; 1 Cor. 12:8-10; Eph. 5:19; Col. 3:16.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bells were common in Palestine, yet are mentioned but twice in the Bible.  “Bell” is from the Hebrew “pa’ amon” (Strong’s #6472) which means “a bell (as struck).”  Its Hebrew root means “to tap, beat regularly.”

The word used in Zechariah 14:20 is “metsillah” (Strong’s #4698) which means “a tinkler, a bell.”  Tiny bells of pure gold were fastened to the hem of the priest’s robe, or put on the bridles or breast straps of horses.  Their purpose was two-fold:  for ornament, and to accustom the war-horses to noise.  The bells were used to encourage the animals by their sound, to frighten beasts of prey, and to keep the caravan together.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Bell from Heaven who was struck on Calvary’s cross.  Isaiah prophesied, “We did esteem Him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted” (Isa. 53:4).  We can say with the psalmist, “The Lord is my strength and song, and is become my salvation” (Psa. 118:14).  Jesus is our great High Priest (Heb. 4:14-16); bells of gold (divine nature) adorn the hem of His robe of ministry, separating the pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet (Ex. 28:33-34).  They only sound when the High Priest moves in and out, walking, serving, and ministering (Acts 17:28).  Our Lord, “the Chief Singer,” makes music as He walks (Hab. 3:19).  He has declared the Father’s name unto His brethren and sings praise in the midst of the Church (Psa. 111:1; Heb. 2:12).

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER:  Because of Jesus, we can sing.  He has put a new song in our mouths; many shall see it, and fear, and trust in the Lord (Psa. 40:3).  The alternating bells and pomegranates on the garments of Aaron typify the “gifts” and “fruit” of the Spirit in balance and co-dependency (1 Cor. 12:8-10; Gal. 5:22-23)–the ministry and nature of our Lord which adorns His glorious Church (Ex. 28:2; Eph. 5:25-27).  Christians are to sing with the spirit, and with the understanding also (1 Cor. 4:15).  The Song of the Lord, the song of the Lamb (Rev. 15:3), is in our hearts and mouths.  Paul admonished every Christian, “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord” (Col. 3:16).  The bells were “made” (Ex. 39:25)–we are to “make melody” (Eph. 5:19).  Overcoming Christians, like powerful war horses, are adorned with bells that say, “Holiness unto the Lord” (Ex. 28:36; Zech. 14:20).  The enemy is afraid of our sound of praise, especially when we make one sound in praising and thanking the Lord (2 Chron. 5:12-14; Psa. 149-150; Acts 2:1-4).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 15:1-2; 2 Sam. 22:1; 1 Chron. 6:31; 25:6; 2 Chron. 29:27; Psa. 28:7; 42:8; 96:1; 98:1; 149:1; Isa. 12:2; 30:29; 42:10; Acts 16:25; Rom. 1:11; 11:29; 12:6; 15:9; 1 Cor. 1:7; 7:7; 12:4, 9, 28-31; 1 Tim. 4:14; 2 Tim. 1:6; Jas. 5:13; 1 Pet. 4:10; Rev. 5:9; 14:3.

36. BELLY

PRIMARY MEANING:  The innermost affections; the heart.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Prov. 20:27; Song 5:14; 7:2; Ezek. 3:1-4; Jn. 7:38.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The belly is the stomach or abdominal region of the human body.  “Belly” is from the Hebrew “beten” (Strong’s #990) which means “to be hollow; the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything.”  The Greek word for “belly” is “koilia” (Strong’s #2836) and means “hollow; a cavity, (especially) the abdomen; by implication, the matrix; figuratively, the heart.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the personification of God’s heart, coming from the “bosom” of the Father (Jn. 1:18; 14:9).  Solomon testified, “His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: His belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires” (Song 5:14), on which was inscribed the name of Simeon, which means “he who hears.”  It was the inmost desire of the Pattern Son to always please the Father (Jn. 8:29).  As Jonah in the whale’s belly, so the Son of man was “three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Jonah 1:17; 2:1-2; Matt. 12:40).  In His victory over satan at Calvary, Jesus (like the Judge Ehud) took the dagger of truth and thrust it into the enemy’s belly (Judg. 3:21-22).  Through the lips of David in the Psalm of the Cross, Messiah said, “I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother’s belly” (Psa. 22:10; Lk. 1:26-35).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We have been born of God from the belly (Isa. 46:3; Jn. 1:11-13; 3:1-8).  John said concerning the Spirit-filled believer, “Out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water’” (Jn. 7:38).  The spirit of man is the candle of the Lord, searching all the inward parts of the belly (Prov. 20:27).  True sons are disciplined and trained by the Lord (Heb. 12:5-11)–the blueness of a wound cleanses evil and stripes the inward parts of the belly (Prov. 20:30).  Christians are to speak faith-filled words by filling their bellies with the Word of God (Ezek. 3:3).  In the Song of Solomon, the Bride’s belly was “like an heap of wheat set about with lilies” (Song. 7:2), revealing a glorious Church with a pure heart and a vision for the harvest (Matt. 5:8; Eph. 5:25-27).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 3:14; Lev. 11:42; Num. 5:21-27; 1 Kg. 7:20; Job 3:11; 15:2, 35; 20:15, 20, 23; 32:19; 40:16;

Psa. 17:14; 31:9; 44:25; 119:11, 161; Prov. 13:25; 18:8, 20; 26:22; Jer. 1:5; 20:9; 51:34; Dan. 2:32; Hab. 3:18; Matt. 15:17; Mk. 7:19; Lk. 15:16; Rom. 10:8; 16:18; 1 Cor. 6:13; Phil. 3:19; Heb. 4:12; Rev. 10:9-10.

37. BENJAMIN

PRIMARY MEANING:  Son of the right hand; exaltation.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 35:18, 24; Josh. 18:11-28; Eph. 1:20-23; Phil. 2:5-11.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Benjamin was Jacob’s youngest son, born to his favorite wife, Rachel.  “Benjamin” is from the Hebrew “Binyamiyn” (Strong’s #1144) which means “son of (the) right hand.”  It is derived from “ben” (son) and “yamiyn” (the right hand or side of a person or other object, as stronger or firmer).  “Benjamin” has also been translated as “son of good fortune, son of prosperity.”  After giving birth to Benjamin, the dying Rachel named him “Ben-Oni” (son of my pain), but Jacob renamed him “Benjamin.”  When Jacob lost his beloved son Joseph, he became very attached to Benjamin, Rachel’s only surviving son.  When his brethren went to Egypt in search of food to relieve a famine, Joseph ordered that his silver cup be planted in sack of his full brother.  Benjamin became the founder of the tribe that bore his name, whose notables included King Saul and later Saul of Tarsus (the apostle Paul).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, our Elder Brother, is the ascended, glorified, and exalted Son of God, whom the Father raised from the dead and set at His own right hand in heavenly places, far above all things (Eph. 1:20-23; Phil. 2:5-11).  David prophesied of Messiah, “The Lord said to my Lord, ‘Sit Thou at My right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool’” (Psa. 110:1; Heb. 10:12-13).  The Father exalted Jesus with His right hand to be a Prince and a Savior (Acts 5:31).  The risen One at the right hand of God ever intercedes for us (Rom. 8:34).  Jesus devoured “the prey” on resurrection morning, and then began to “divide the spoil with the strong” (Gen. 49:27; Isa. 53:12; Lk. 11:22).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  God’s sons have been born again, given a new name or nature (Jn. 3:1-8; 1 Jn. 3:1).  The “old man,” the first man Adam, “the son of sorrow,” has been replaced with the “new man,” our new nature in Christ (1 Cor. 15:44-49; Eph. 2:1-3; 4:13, 22-24).  Overcoming Christians, full brothers to Jesus (who is typified by Joseph) are granted the privilege to sit with Him in His throne (Heb. 2:6-13; Rev. 2:26-28; 3:21).  Although the “silver cup” of the “fellowship of His sufferings” is in the sack of Benjamin (Phil. 3:10), the blessings are far greater, for Benjamin’s mess was five times as much (Gen. 44:12; 43:24; 45:22).  Moses prophesied of Benjamin, “The beloved of the Lord shall dwell in safety by him; and the Lord shall cover him all the day long, and he shall dwell between His shoulders” (Deut. 33:12; Lk. 15:5).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 42-45; 46:19-21; Num. 1:36-37; Josh. 18:11-28; Judg. 1:21; 1 Sam. 2:9, 15; 9:1; 2 Sam. 20:1; 1 Kg. 12:21; 1 Chron. 7:6-12; 8:1-40; 12:29; Ezra 1:5; 4:1; 10:9; Psa. 68:27; 80:2; Ezek. 48:22-24; Hos. 5:8; Obad. 1:19; Zech. 14:10; Matt. 22:43-45; 26:64; 28:18; Jn. 17:1-5; Acts 2:33-36; 13:21; Rom. 8:1-23; 9:4; 11:1; Gal. 4:1-7; Eph. 1:5; Phil. 3:5; Col. 3;1; Heb. 1:3; 2:9; Rev. 7:8.

38. BERYL

PRIMARY MEANING:  Righteous judgment.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 28:20; Song 5:14; Ezek. 1:16; 10:9; Dan. 10:6; Jn. 5:22; 7:24; Rev. 21:20.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Beryl is a rare silver-white metal similar to aluminum.  “Beryl” is from the Hebrew “tarshiysh” (Strong’s #8658) which means “a gem, perhaps the topaz.”  “Tarshish” has been translated as “hard; to break or subdue.”  This very hard, transparent stone ranged in color from bluish green (sea-green) to yellow, white, pink and deep green.  The beryl was the first stone in the fourth row of Aaron’s breastplate–on this tenth stone was engraved the name of the tribe of Dan.  Other English translations render the word for beryl as chrysolite or topaz.  The wheels in the prophet Ezekiel’s visions were described as resembling beryl (Tarshish stone, NASB).  The beryl was also the eighth foundation stone in the New Jerusalem.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  “Dan” means “judge.”  John declared of Jesus, “The Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son,” and hath “given Him authority to execute judgment also, because He is the Son of man (Jn. 5:22, 27).  Jesus Christ, the Beryl Stone from Heaven was set in gold (Ex. 28:20), ordained of God to be the Judge of all men (Acts 10:42).  The hands of our Bridegroom are gold rings set with the beryl (Song 5:14), for all His works are righteous.  Like the wheels and living creatures in the Book of Ezekiel, the four Gospels–Matthew (lion), Mark (ox), Luke (man), and John (eagle)–are like the color of a beryl.  All “four” have “one likeness” (Ezek. 1:16; 10:9)–Ezekiel’s intersecting wheels show different aspects of the nature and ministry of Jesus Christ, the complete expression of the Father (Heb. 1:1-4).  Daniel saw the One whose “body also was like the beryl, and His face as the appearance of lightning, and His eyes as lamps of fire, and His arms and His feet like in colour to polished brass, and the voice of His words like the voice of a multitude” (Dan. 10:6).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Our Lord instructed, “Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgment” (Jn. 7:24).  The old nature can do nothing but minister death, but there is no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus (Rom. 8:1-4).  Paul added, “If ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law” (Gal. 5:16-18).  Judgment is past–our sins were judged in Christ (Jn. 19:30), presently progressive (1 Cor. 11:28-32), and future (Rom. 14:10-12; 2 Cor. 5:10).  Man, who was in Eden the garden of God, was fashioned with the beryl in the day he was created (Ezek. 28:13).  Daniel saw the day when judgment was given to the saints of the Most High, and the time came that the saints possessed the Kingdom (Dan. 7:22).  Paul confirmed this, “Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world?…Know ye not that we shall judge angels?  How much more things that pertain to this life (1 Cor. 6;1-3)?”

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 10:4; 18:19, 25; 49:16-18; Ex. 39:13; Deut. 33:2; 2 Chron. 9:21; 20:36-37; Psa. 9:7; 19:9; 72:10; 149:9; Prov. 2:8-9; Isa. 23:1-14; 60:9; Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 27:12, 25; Dan. 7:10; Hos. 6:5; Amos 5:24; Jonah 1:3; 4:2; Matt. 7:1-5; Jn. 5:30; 8:16; 16:8-11; Rom. 11:33; Heb. 6:2; 9:27; 12:23; 1 Pet. 4:17; 1 Jn. 4:17; Rev. 19:11.

39. BETHEL

PRIMARY MEANING:  The House of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 12:8; 28:12-19; Eph. 2:19; Heb. 3:1-6; 10:21.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bethel was a city 12 miles north of Jerusalem, first mentioned in connection with the patriarch Abraham.  “Bethel” is from the Hebrew “Beyth-’ El” (Strong’s #1008) which means “house of God.”  It is derived from “bayith” (house) and “‘el” (strength, mighty, the Almighty).  The root of the latter is “‘uwl” (Strong’s #193) and means “to twist, (by implication) be strong; the body (as being rolled together); also powerful.”  Jacob, Abraham’s grandson, had a life-changing experience at this site, a vision of a staircase reaching into the heavens.  Bethel became a great center of idolatry because of Jeroboam’s calves; later, King Josiah of Judah broke down its altar.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is “the House of God”–the God of Bethel and the Gate of Heaven (see Gen. 28:17; 31:13; Jn. 14:6; Heb. 10:19-22).  He is the Stone anointed with oil (Gen. 28:18; Acts 10:38; 1 Pet. 2:5-7).  He was the House that the Father lived in, the Word made flesh (Jn. 1:14; 14:1-2).  Paul declared, “It pleased the Father that in Him should all fulness dwell,…all the fulness of the Godhead bodily” (Col. 1:19; 2:9).  Jesus Christ is our confidence (Jer. 48:13; 1 Jn. 5:14), the Rock upon which we are built (Matt. 7:24).  Without controversy great is the mystery of godliness:  God was manifest in the flesh (1 Tim. 3:16).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Individually and collectively, we are “the House of God”–the Church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth (Gen. 28:18; 1 Tim. 3:15).

We are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints and the household of God (Eph. 2:19).  Each of us is like a green olive tree in the house of God (Psa. 52:8).  Like the patriarch Jacob who met God again, we “found Him in Bethel, and there He spake with us” (Hos. 12:4).  Every Christian can say with Jacob, “Let us arise, and go up to Bethel; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went” (Gen. 35:3).  We are the temple of the living God who promised to dwell in us and walk in us.  He is our God, and we are His people (2 Cor. 6:16).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 13:3; 28:19; 35:1-16; Josh. 12:16; Judg. 20:26-27; 21:1-4; 1 Kg. 12:29-33; 13:11; 2 Kg. 23;15; Ezra 2:28; Neh. 7:32; 11:31; Eccl. 5:1; Jer. 48:13; Amos 3:4; 4:4; 5:5-6; 7:10-13; Hos. 10:5, 15; Matt. 5:15; 12:29; Mk. 3:25; Jn. 1:45-51; Acts 2:46; 5:42; 16:31; 17:28; 2 Cor. 5:1-5; 2 Tim. 2:20; Heb. 3:6; 10:21; 1 Pet. 4:17.

40. BETHLEHEM

PRIMARY MEANING:  House of bread.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 35:16-19; 1 Sam. 17:12; Mic. 5:2; Matt. 2:6; Jn. 6:48; 7:42; 1 Cor. 10:16-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bethlehem, situated about five miles south of Jerusalem in the district known as Ephratah, is the birthplace of Jesus Christ.  “Bethlehem” is from the Hebrew “Beyth Lechem” (Strong’s #1035) which means “house of bread.”  It is taken from “bayith” (house) and “lechem” (food, especially bread or grain).  “Bethlehem” has also been translated as “place of food, house of sustenance, house of living.”  “Ephrath” or “Ephratah,” another name for Bethlehem, means “fruitfulness.”  Bethlehem was the burial place of Rachel, the wife of Jacob, and the original home of Naomi and her family in the Book of Ruth.  Bethlehem also was the ancestral home of David, who was anointed there by Samuel to be Saul’s successor.  The prophet Micah predicted that Bethlehem, the city of David, would be the birthplace of Messiah.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the Bread of life (Jn. 6:48) and the greater son of David (Matt. 1:1), was born in Bethlehem.  Micah predicted, “But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall He come forth unto Me that is to be Ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting” (Mic. 5:2; Matt. 2:6; Jn. 7:42).  Jesus, our heavenly Boaz, the kinsman-redeemer, came from Bethlehem (Ruth 2:14; Gal. 3:13-14).  At the Last Supper, Jesus took bread, gave thanks, broke it, and said “This is My body which is given for you:  this do in remembrance of Me” (Lk. 22:19).  His thirsty death on the cross is prefigured by the words of David, “Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate” (2 Sam. 23:15; Jn. 4:7; 19:28)!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Church of the New Testament is a spiritual House of bread.  Paul declared, “The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the Body of Christ?  For we being many are one bread, and one Body:  for we are all partakers of that one Bread” (1 Cor. 10:16-17; Heb. 3:5-6).  We have been satisfied with Jesus, the Bread of Heaven (Psa. 105:40; 132:15).  We can say with the Psalmist, “I have been young, and now am old; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread” (Psa. 37:5).  When a man walks away from Bethlehem, the Word of God, he and his seed die (Ruth 1:1-5, 19; Jn. 6:63; Rom. 6:23).  Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (Matt. 4:4).  As we grow in grace, we come to know Him in the order of breaking bread–He takes it, blesses it, breaks it, and gives it (Lk. 24:35; Phil. 3:9-11).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 1:22, 28; 48:7; Josh. 19:15; Judg. 12:8-10; 17:7-9; Ruth 4:11; 1 Sam. 16:4; 17:15; 20:6, 28; 1 Chron. 11:16-18; 2 Chron. 11:6; 2 Sam. 23:14-17; Neh. 7:26; Psa. 128:3; Isa. 5:1; Jer. 41:17; Matt. 2:1-16; 6:11; 15:26; Lk. 2:4, 9-11, 15; Jn. 6:48-63; 15:8, 16; Acts 2:42, 46; 20:7; 27:35; 1 Cor. 5:8; 11:23-30; 2 Cor. 9:10; Eph. 2:10; Phil. 1:11; Col. 1:10; 2 Thess. 3:8, 12; 2 Pet. 1:8.

41. BEULAH

PRIMARY MEANING:  Marriage; the bliss of covenantal union.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Isa. 62:4; Hos. 2:16-20; 2 Cor. 11:2; Eph. 5:22-33; 1 Pet. 3:1-7.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Beulah is Isaiah’s name for the Promised Land (following the Captivity), a picture of covenantal blessings and prosperity.  “Beulah” is from the Hebrew “ba’ al” (Strong’s #1166) which means “to be master; hence, to marry.”  It is akin to the Hebrew word for “husband.”  “Beulah” has also been translated as “married.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Lord and Husband of His Bride, the Church.  Paul explained, “For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the Head of the church: and He is the saviour of the body…For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh.  This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church” (Eph. 5:23, 31-32).  The prophet foretold of Him who created all things (Jn. 1:1-4), “For thy Maker is thy Husband; the Lord of hosts is His name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; the God of the whole earth shall He be called” (Isa. 54:5; Gal. 3:13-14).  Jesus has clothed us with the garments of salvation, as a Bridegroom decks Himself with ornaments (Isa. 61:10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers have entered into covenantal relationship with the Lord Jesus Christ, espoused to one Husband (2 Cor. 11:2).  We can say with the prophet, “O Lord our God, other lords beside Thee have had dominion over us: but by Thee only will we make mention of Thy name” (Isa. 26:13).  We were by nature the children of wrath, aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world (Eph. 2:3, 12).  The prophet Isaiah said of the end-time Church, “Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah: for the Lord delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married…and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee” (Isa. 62:4-5).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 20:3; Ex. 21;3; Deut. 22:22; 24:1; Psa. 19:5;  Prov. 30:23; Isa. 54:1; Jer. 3:14; 7:34; 16:9; 33:11; Mal. 2:11; Mat. 9:15; 25:1-10; Jn. 2:9; 3:29; Rom. 7:2; 1 Cor. 7:10, 33-39; Eph. 1:3; 2:6; 5:22-33; 1 Pet. 3:1-7; Rev. 18:23; 19:7-8; 21:1-10.

42. BEYOND THE JORDAN

PRIMARY:  Full inheritance, maturity.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Deut. 9:1-6; Josh. 1:1-11; Eph. 4:13; Phil. 3:12-14; Heb. 6:19-20.

BASIC INFORMATION:  To go “beyond the Jordan” is to cross over into the land of promise.  Jordan is the name of the longest and most important river in Palestine.  “Jordan” is from the Hebrew “Yarden” (Strong’s #3383) which means ” a descender.”  Its root “yarad” means “to descend, to go downwards.”  The Jordan River, a symbol for death in the Bible, is one of the lowest depressions on earth.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Just as Joshua entered Canaan “beyond the Jordan” to obtain Israel’s inheritance, so our Forerunner and High Priest has entered into that within the Most Holy Place (Josh. 1:2; Heb. 6:19-20; 10:19).  The rending of the Jordan by the Ark of the Covenant (Josh. 3:11-17; 4:7) is a picture of Jesus’ rending of the veil at the time of His crucifixion (Matt. 27:51-52).  In Joshua’s day, the waters which came down from the north stood and rose upon a heap back to the “city Adam” (Josh. 3:15)–Jesus’ finished work delivered man from the curse and removed every hindrance back to Adam (Rom. 5:12-21)!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The believer’s journey in Christ brings him out of Egypt, through the wilderness, and into the land (2 Cor. 1:10; 1 Thess. 5:23).  The blood of Jesus the Passover Lamb (Ex. 12; Jn. 1:29) has delivered us from satan’s bondage (Eph. 1:6-7; Col. 1:9-13; 1 Pet. 2:9).  Daily, we are being transformed by the renovating of our minds (Rom. 12:1-2; Col. 1:27; Gal. 4:19).  The full expression of our hope lies “beyond the Jordan”–we who have experienced firstfruits of the Spirit are “waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body” (Rom. 8:23; Phil. 3:12-14, 21).  Canaan, the Old Testament land of promise, typifies all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ Jesus (Eph. 1:3).  Moses promised, “For ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the Lord your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein” (Deut. 11:31; 2 Cor. 10:3-6; Phil. 3:12-14).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 32:10; Lev. 16:2, 15; Deut. 1:1; 2:29; 3:18, 25, 28; 27:2, 16-21; 31:7; Josh. 3:1-4:24; 5:1; 7:7; 9:1; 22:11; 24:11; Song 5:7; Mk. 15:38; Lk. 23:45; Jn. 16:33; Rom. 8:37; 1 Cor. 10:1-11; 2 Cor. 2:14; Eph. 2:6; 6:12; Heb. 9:3; 10:19-22; Rev. 3:21; 21:7.

43. BEYOND THE RIVER (THIS SIDE THE RIVER)

PRIMARY MEANING:  The visible and invisible realms.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ezra 4:10-20; 7:21-25; 8:36; Neh. 2:7-9.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Beyond the river, or “this side the river” is an expression found throughout the Book of Ezra.

“Euphrates” has been translated as “bursting forth, breaking out.”  The Euphrates River was the longest river of Western Asia. In the Bible the Euphrates is referred to as “the River Euphrates,” “the great river, the River Euphrates,” or only as “the River.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ came from “beyond the river,” from Heaven, the realm of spirit (Jn. 1:14; 1 Tim. 3:16).  The book of the records “beyond the river” (Ezra 4:15) pictures the volume of the book (Heb. 10:7).  Jesus is the heavenly Solomon who was given “dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him” (1 Kg. 4:24; Psa. 72:11; Lk. 11:31).  Jesus led captivity captive, and gave the five-fold ministry gifts to mature the saints for the work of the ministry, (Gal. 4:1-2; Eph. 4:8-13).  These “commissions” by the Head of the Church have been delivered “unto the king’s lieutenants, and to the governors on this side the river: and they furthered the people, and the house of God” (Ezra 8:36).

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER:  Christians who have been raised with Him are to seek those things which are above, where Christ sits on the right hand of God (Col. 3:1)–”beyond the river.”  We are commanded to pray, “Thy Kingdom come.  Thy will be done in earth, as it is in Heaven” (Matt. 6:10).

The enemies of God have sent a letter to “king” satan and his demons (Ezra 4:11; John 12:31).  God’s people have set up the walls and joined the foundations of the Church (Ezra 4:12;; Matt. 16:18).  “If this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then they will not pay toll, tribute, and custom” to the devil (Ezra 4:13; Neh. 2:20; Eph. 4:27)!  God has sent help from the spirit realm to meet all our needs and “expences,” that we be not hindered (Ezra 6:8; Phil. 4:19).  We have been given the “letters” (epistles) of the New Testament along with the “captains of the army and horsemen”–the angels, ministering spirits, sent forth to help those who are heirs of salvation (Neh. 2:7-9; Heb. 1:13-14).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 2:14; 15:18; Josh. 1:1-4, 14-15; 2 Sam. 8:3; 10:16; 1 Kg. 14:15; 1 Chron. 19:16; 2 Chron. 35:20-24; Ezra 5:3, 6; 6:6, 8, 13; 7:21; Neh. 3:7; Isa. 7:20; Psa. 40:7; Matt. 10:2; Lk. 11:49; 1 Cor. 4:9-14; 12:28; Eph. 2:20; 3:1-5; Heb. 10:5-10; Rev. 9:14; 16:12; 18:20.

44. BEZALEEL

PRIMARY MEANING:  The masterbuilder, apostolic ministry.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 31:1-6; 35:30-35; 36:1-3; 1 Cor. 3:9-11; Eph. 2:20; 3:1-5; 4:11.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bezaleel of the tribe of Judah was the chief architect and designer of Moses’ Tabernacle.  “Bezaleel” is from the Hebrew “Betsal’el” (Strong’s #1212) which means “in the shadow (protection) of God.”  It is taken from “tsalal” (hovering over, to shade) and “‘el” (strong, mighty, the Almighty).  “Bezaleel” has also been translated as “in the likeness of God, in the shelter of God.”  The Greek word for “masterbuilder” is “architekton” (Strong’s #7530 which means “a chief constructor (architect).”  It is taken from “arche” (rule, beginning) and “tekton” (artificer); thus, “a principal artificer.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ of the tribe of Judah (Ex. 35:30; Heb. 7:14) is the Principal Artificer who said, “I will build My Church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it” (Matt. 16:18).  John declared that all things were made by Him (Jn. 1:3).  Paul confirmed this, “By Him were all things created that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible…all things were created by Him, and for Him” (Col. 1:15-16).  The Father filled Messiah with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, understanding, knowledge, and all manner of workmanship (see Ex. 31:3; 1 Cor. 1:30; Eph. 2:10; Col. 2:3).  It was in the heart of Jesus, like Bezaleel, to teach others (Matt. 7:28-29; Jn. 3:2).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jesus Christ has given the five-fold ministry, especially the apostle, to equip and build His Church, (Eph. 4:11-16).  Paul declared, “For we are labourers together with God:  ye are God’s husbandry, ye are God’s building.  According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise masterbuilder, I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon.  But let every man take heed how he buildeth thereupon” (1 Cor. 3:9-10).  The Lord has endowed His people and His ministers with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work (Ex. 35:35; Phil. 2:13).  “And Moses called Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whose heart the Lord had put wisdom, even every one whose heart stirred him up to come unto the work to do it” (Ex. 36:2).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 37:1; 38:22; 1 Chron. 2:20; 2 Chron. 1:5; Psa. 95:6; 121:5; Prov. 22:2; Song 2:3; Isa. 4:6; 25:4-5; 45:11; 54:5; Hos. 8:14; 14:7; 1 Cor. 1:18-31; 2 Cor. 5:14-15; Phil. 4:19; 2 Tim. 2:1-2, 15; Heb. 1:1-4; 11:10; Jas. 3:17.

45. BIRD

PRIMARY MEANING:  The cleansing of the leper.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 14:1-7; 2 Kg. 5:14; Psa. 124:7; 1 Jn. 1:7; Rev. 1:5.

BASIC INFORMATION:  There are many varieties of birds mentioned in the Bible.  “Bird” is from the Hebrew “tsippowr” (Strong’s #6833) and means “a little bird (as hopping).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “bird, fowl, sparrow.”  Its root “tsaphar” (Strong’s #6852) means “to skip about, return.”  The Greek word for “bird” is “peteion” and means “that which is able to fly, winged.”  Of particular note is the mention of the two birds used in the ceremonial cleansing of the leper.  One bird was killed in an earthen vessel over running water.  The second bird was dipped in the blood of the bird that was killed and then released into the open field.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the little Bird that was “killed in an earthen vessel over running water” (Lev. 14:5).  Leprosy is a type of sin–Jesus took away the sin of the world (Jn. 1:29).  The earthen vessel pictures His flesh (Jn. 1:14) and the running water reveals the constant life of the Father that energized the Son (Jn. 3:35; 5:17-30; 8:16-19).  Jesus, like the sacrificial bird, was alive and “clean” (Lev. 14:4).  This word means “pure” and denotes the absence of impurity, filthiness, defilement, or imperfection.  Jesus was the sinless, spotless Son of God (Heb. 4:15; 7:26) who washed us from our sins in His own blood (Rev. 1:5).  The “scarlet” mentioned between the “cedar wood” (the largest tree) and the “hyssop” (the smallest tree) typifies the blood of the Lamb sufficient for man’s every need (Lev. 14:4, 6; 2 Cor. 12:9; Phil. 4:19).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We are “the living bird” that was “dipped (immersed, plunged) in the blood of the Bird that was killed” (Ruth 2:14; 2 Kg. 5:14), then let “loose into the open field” (Lev. 14:6-7).  The priest then sprinkled the bird’s blood upon the leper seven times and pronounced him clean (Lev. 14:7).  This reveals the complete cleansing of sin through Jesus’ blood (Rom. 5:1; 1 Jn. 1:7), and our being justified (declared righteous) freely by his grace through His redemption (Rom. 3:24; 5:1; 8:30).  The word for “open” in Leviticus 14:7 is the Hebrew word for “face”–believers have been set free to worship with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord (Jn. 4:23-24; 2 Cor. 3:18).  The “field” is the world (Matt. 13:38).  The Psalmist agreed, “Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken, and we are escaped” (Psa. 124:7).  Christians have been loosed from sin to witness and testify about the gospel of God’s grace (Acts 1:8; 20:24).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 7:14; 15:10; Deut. 22:6; Neh. 5:18; Psa. 8:8; 11:1; 84:3; 102:7; 104:17; 148:10; Prov. 6:5; 27:8; Isa. 31:5; Lam. 3:52; Hos. 11:11; Matt. 8:3-4, 20; 11:5; 13:32; Mk. 1:41-42; Lk. 4:27; 5:12; 9:58; 17:12-17; Acts 10:15; 11:9; 1 Cor. 15:39; Eph. 4:19; 1 Tim. 4:2; Jas. 3:7.

46. BIRTHRIGHT

PRIMARY MEANING:  The spirit of sonship; double portion.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 25:31-34; 2 Kg. 2:9; Jn. 1:12; Rom. 8; Gal. 4:1-7; Heb. 12:14-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The birthright is a right, privilege, or possession to which a son, usually the firstborn, is entitled by birth.  “Birthright” is from the Hebrew “bekowrah” (Strong’s #1062) which means “the firstling of man or beast.”  It is derived from “bekowr” (firstborn, chief) and “bakar” (to burst the womb, to bear or make early fruit).  “Bekowr” is translated as “eldest son” in the King James Version.  The Greek word for “birthright” is “prototokia” (Strong’s #4415) and means “primogeniture (as a privilege).”  It is similar to “prototokos” (firstbegotten, firstborn) which is taken from “protos” (first or foremost in time, place, order, or importance) and “tikto” (to beget, produce from seed).  The firstborn son enjoyed a favored position, including headship over his brothers, succession to the father’s official authority, a special claim to the father’s benediction, a double portion of the father’s goods, the progenitorship of the Messiah, and the domestic priesthood.  This birthright could be transferred to another for a consideration, or withheld by the father for cause.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  The Virgin Mary brought forth her “firstborn Son,” and they called His name Jesus (Matt. 1:25; Lk. 2:7).  Jesus Christ was appointed Heir of all things as the covenantal son of David and Abraham (Matt. 1:1; Heb. 1:1-2).  He is the Firstborn among many brethren (Rom. 8:29), the only begotten Son of the Father (Jn. 3:16), who laid the foundation of the Church with the death of His Firstborn (Josh. 6:26; Rev. 3:14).  Paul declared Jesus to be the Firstborn of every creature and the Firstborn from the dead, that in all things He might have the preeminence (Col. 1:15, 18).  Jesus received the “double portion” (Deut. 21:17; 2 Kg. 2:9), literally, “the portion of the firstborn”–the Spirit without measure (Jn. 3:34; Acts 10:38).  In His exaltation, He was made higher than the kings of the earth (Psa. 89:27; Eph. 1:20-23).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  John declared, “As many as received Him, to them gave He power (the right) to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on His name” (Jn. 1:12).  Believers have received the spirit of adoption (sonship), whereby we cry, “Abba, Father” (Rom. 8:15).  We are Jesus’ brothers, heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ (Rom. 8:17).  True Christians belong to the Church of the firstborn, whose names are written in Heaven (Heb. 12:23).  We are not to be as worldly Esau who despised his birthright and sold it to fulfill his fleshly appetites (Gen. 25:33-34).  Faithful stewards are instructed by Moses to bring God “the tithe…and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the Lord thy God always” (Deut. 14:23).  “For all the firstborn of the children of Israel are mine…I sanctified them for Myself” (Num. 8:17).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 4:4; 27:29, 36; 35:22; 43:33; 49:3; Num. 3:12-13, 40-50; 8:16-18; Deut. 12:6, 17; 21:7, 15-17; 25:6; Josh. 6:26; Neh. 10:36; 1 Chron. 5:1-2; Isa. 56:5; Mic. 6:7; Zech. 12:10; Matt. 28:18; Lk. 11:2; Jn. 1:14-18; 3:18; Rom. 8:23; 9:4; 1 Cor. 2:12; Eph. 1:5, 11-14; Heb. 1:6; 11:7, 28; 12:5-11, 16; 1 Jn. 3:1-3; 4:9, 17.

47. BITTER HERBS

PRIMARY MEANING:  The suffering and shame of the cross.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 1:13-14; 12:8; Num. 9:11; Isa. 53:4; Phil. 3:10; Heb. 12:2.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bitter herbs were eaten by the Hebrew people during their Passover celebration to help them remember their bitter experience as slaves in Egypt.  The word “bitter” is from the Hebrew “meror” (Strong’s #4844) which means “a bitter herb.”  Its primitive root is “marar” (Strong’s #4843) which means “to trickle; to be bitter.”  Compare the Hebrew word “mar” (distillation, a drop).  These herbs may have included such plants as sorrell, dandelions, and horseradish.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  John the Baptist exclaimed, “Behold, the (Passover) Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world” (Jn. 1:29).  Jesus Christ was the Passover who was sacrificed for us (1 Cor. 5:7).  Paul spoke about His death, “who for the joy that was set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God” (Heb. 12:2).  Jesus bore our griefs, and carried the shame of our sorrows (Isa. 53:4).  Messiah hid not His face from shame and spitting (Isa. 50:6), having redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us (Gal. 3:13).  It was predicted that Christ would suffer, then be the first to rise from the dead (Acts 26:23).  Prophesying through the Psalmist, Messiah cried, “Because for Thy sake I have borne reproach; shame hath covered My face…For the zeal of Thine house hath eaten Me up; and the reproaches of them that reproached Thee have fallen on Me” (Psa. 69:7-9; Jn. 2:17).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers are called to know Jesus in the fellowship of His sufferings, being made conformable unto His death (Phil. 3:10; 1 Thess 1:6).  Paul encouraged, “Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump…Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth” (Ex. 12:8; 1 Cor. 5:7-8).  When we were in bondage to sin, satan made our lives bitter with hard bondage (Ex. 1:14; Rom. 6:23).  Now we can rejoice that we are counted worthy to suffer shame for His name (Acts 5:41).  Jesus taught, “Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man’s sake” (Lk. 6:22).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 22:8; Ex. 15:23; Deut. 16:1; 2 Chron. 35:13; Prov. 12:16; 27:7; Isa. 53:6; Lam. 3:15; Ezek. 3:14; Zech. 12:10; Matt. 11:28-30; Mk. 14:12; Lk. 7:38; Acts 3:18; Rom. 3:25-26; Eph. 5:2; 1 Tim. 4:10; Heb. 6:6; 9:26; 10:12; 11:26; 13:13; 1 Pet. 1:11-12, 18-19; Rev. 3:18).

48. BLACK

PRIMARY MEANING:  Sin, darkness, death, famine; youth and vigor; the hiding place of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 110:3; Song 1:5-6; 5:10-11; Jer. 8:21; 2 Cor. 3:3.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Black is one of the more commonly used colors in Scripture.  “Black” is from the Hebrew “shachor” (Strong’s #7838) which means “dusky, but also jetty.”  Its root “shachar” (Strong’s #7835) means “the duskiness of early dawn; to be dim or dark (in color); to dawn, be (up) early at any task (with the implication of earnestness); to search for.”  The Greek word for “black” is “melas” (Strong’s #3189).  It is derived from “mal” which means”to be dirty”; hence the Latin “malus” (bad).  The Greek word for “ink” is “melan” and is taken from the same root.
Two Greek words, “gnophos” and “zophos,” translated as “blackness” in the King James Version, both mean “gloom.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is “the chiefest among ten thousand.  His head is as the most fine gold, His locks are bushy, and black as a raven” (Song 5:10-11).  The Father noted the eternal youth and vigor of David’s Lord, “Thy people shall be willing in the day of Thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning:  Thou hast the dew of Thy youth” (Psa. 110:3).  Jesus, the worthy Lamb, has removed sin’s darkness and the shadow of death (Job 3:5; Jn. 1:29).  Messiah declared through Jeremiah, “For the hurt of the daughter of My people am I hurt; I am black; astonishment hath taken hold on Me” (Jer. 8:21).  God dwells in the “thick darkness” (see Deut. 5:22-23; 2 Sam. 22:10-12; 1 Kg. 8:12; Psa. 97:2).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We are “black” in Adam, but “comely” (fair) in Christ (Song 1:5-6).  In her undeveloped state, the Shulamite vacillated between two natures–beauty and the beast!  James affirmed this, “He that wavereth is like a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed…A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways” (Jas. 1:6, 8).  As we have borne the image of Adam, we shall also bear the image of Christ (1 Cor. 15:49; 2 Cor. 4:4).  Having received the living Word and hope of His resurrection life (Rom. 8:11, 14), we are the epistles of Christ, written not with the black ink (of Adam), but with the Spirit of the living God (Jn. 6:63; 2 Cor. 3:3).  We have been delivered from Sinai’s law, with all its blackness and dark tempest, and have come to Mount Zion (Heb. 12:18-24), the mountain of grace and truth (Jn. 1:17; Eph. 2:8-9; Tit. 3:5).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 20:21; Lev. 13:31, 37; Deut. 4:11; 1 Kg. 18:45; 2 Chron. 6:1; Esth. 1:6; Job 30:30; Psa. 18:11; Prov. 7:9; Isa. 45:3; 50:3; Jer. 4:28; 14:2; 36:18; Lam. 4:8; 5:10; Joel 2:6; Nah. 2:10; Zech. 6:2, 6; Matt. 5:36; 1 Cor. 15:22, 44-49; Heb. 12:18; 2 Jn. 1:12; 3 Jn. 1:13; Jude 1:13; Rev. 6:5-6, 12.

49. BLEMISH

PRIMARY MEANING:  The stain of sin, a blot or spot.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 21:17-23; Deut. 17:1; 32:4; Eph. 5:27; Heb. 4:15; 7:26; 9:14.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A blemish was a bodily handicap or defect that marred a person’s appearance or hindered his physical movement.  The law specifically stated that a person with an outward blemish could not serve as a priest.  “Blemish” is from the Hebrew “m’uwm” (Strong’s #3971) which means “to stain; a blemish (physically or morally).”  The Hebrew word translated as “without blemish” in the King James Version is “tamiym” (Strong’s #8549) and means “entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth.”  Its root “tamam” means “to complete.”  “Tamiym” has been translated as “perfect, blameless, sincerity, entire, whole, complete, full.”  The Greek word for “blemish” is “momos” (flaw, blot; disgraceful person); to be “without blemish” is to be “without blame.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the sinless Passover Lamb without spot who was inspected for four days (4,000 years from Adam to Christ) and found without blemish (Ex. 12:1-7; 1 Pet. 1:18-19; 2 Pet. 3:8).  Pilate found no fault in Him (1 Sam. 29:3; Jn. 18:38; 19:4-6).  Moses prophesied that Jesus “is the Rock, His work is perfect: for all His ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is He” (Deut. 32:4).  Jesus Christ was blameless in character and conduct (Heb. 4:15; 7:26).  He offered Himself through the Spirit without spot to God (Heb. 9:14), and is able to present His Church faultless before the presence of His glory (Jude 1:24).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul mentioned the “glorious Church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing”–”holy and without blemish” (Eph. 5:27).  Christians have been made kings and priests in Christ (Rev. 1:6; 5:10).  These are the “blemishes” that disqualify men and women from effective priestly service and ministry (Lev. 21:17-23):

1. Blemish – spotted with sin.

2. Blind man – not born again; poor vision, understanding.

3. Lame man – unsteady walk.

4. Flat nose – no sense of discernment.

5. Superfluous (“limb too long”) – out of balance.

6. Brokenfooted or brokenhanded – spiritually disabled.

7. Crookbackt – perverted, twisted, deformed attitudes.

8. Dwarf – stunted spiritual growth, still a babe.

9. Blemish in his eye – looking at people, not the Lord.

10. Scurvy (“itch”) – impulsive, not principled.

11. Scabbed (“skin trouble”) – no covering, unclean.

12. Broken stones (“damaged testicles”) – unproductive.

FURTHER STUDY:  Gen. 6:9; 17:1; Ex. 29:1; Lev. 1:3; 3:1; 4:3; 5:15; 14:10; 22:20-25; 23:12; Num. 19:2; 28:1-29:40; Deut. 15:21; 17:1; 18:13; 32:4; Josh. 24:14; 2 Sam. 22:24-33; Job 31;7; Psa. 15:1-2; 19:7; 101:2; 119:1; Prov. 2:21; 9:7; Song 5:2; Ezek. 43:22-25; 46:4-6; Dan. 1:4; Lk. 23:4, 14, 47; Eph. 1:4; Col. 1:22; 1 Thess. 3:13; Rev. 14:1-5.

50. BLINDNESS

PRIMARY MEANING:  Darkness, ignorance.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 146:8; Isa. 42:7; Lk. 4:18; Jn. 9; Acts 26:18; Eph. 1:18; 1 Pet. 2:9-10.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Three types of blindness are mentioned in the Bible:  sudden blindness caused by flies and aggravated by dirt, dust, and glare; the gradual blindness caused by old age; and chronic blindness.  “Blind” is from the Hebrew “‘ivver” (Strong’s #5787) which means “blind (literally or figuratively).”  Its root “‘avar” (Strong’s #5786) means “a film over the eyes; to blind.”  The Greek word “tuphlos” (Strong’s #5185) means “opaque (as if smoky), blind (physically or mentally).”  It comes from “tuphoo” (envelop with smoke, inflate with conceit), translated in the King James Version as “high-minded, be lifted up with pride, be proud.”  Another Greek word for “blindness” is “porosis” (stupidity, callousness, hard as stone).  The Israelites had compassion for the blind, although blindness disqualified a Levite for the priesthood.  Jesus healed a man born blind, a blind man whose healing was gradual, two blind men sitting by the wayside, and a great number of others.  Blindness was a punishment for evil-doing at Sodom, with the Syrian army, and with Elymas the sorcerer.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus declared, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because He hath anointed Me to preach…deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind” (Lk. 4:18).  Jesus, the Light of the world, is eyes to the blind and feet to the lame (Job 29:15; Jn. 8:12).  The psalmist prophesied of Him, “The Lord openeth the eyes of the blind: the Lord raiseth them that are bowed down” (Psa. 146:8).  Our Lord came to open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house (Isa. 42:7).  Jesus said, “For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind” (Jn. 9:39).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers have been called out of darkness into His marvelous light (1 Pet. 2:9).  Each of us was born blind, held captive by sin; now we can say, “One thing I know, that whereas I was blind, now I see” (Jn. 9:25).  Jesus has made darkness light and crooked things straight (Isa. 42:16).  The curse of sin makes men grope at noonday, as the blind gropes in darkness (Deut. 28:29).  False religious leaders bound by tradition, alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them (Eph. 4:18), are “blind leaders of the blind” and “blind guides” (see Isa. 56:10; Deut. 27:18; Matt. 15:14; 23:24).  Because of such ignorance, men fail to grow in grace (Hos. 4:6; 2 Pet. 3:18).  The apostle admonished the Church to add to our faith, “But he that lacketh these things is blind, and cannot see afar off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins” (2 Pet. 1:5-9).  This veil, a “blinded” (hardened) mind is done away in Christ (2 Cor. 3:14).

The “eyes” of our understanding have been enlightened (1 Sam. 14:27; Eph. 1:18).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 19:11; 27:1; 48:10; Ex. 4:11; Lev. 19;14; 21:18; Deut. 15:21; 1 Sam. 4:15; 2 Kg. 6:18; Psa. 119:18; Isa. 29:18; 35:5; 42:19; Jer. 31:8; Zeph. 1:17; Mal. 1:8; Matt. 9:27; 11:5; 20:30-34; Mk. 6:52; 8:17-24; 10:46-52; Lk. 7:21-22; 18:35; Jn. 5:3; 12:40; Acts 9:8; 13:6-11; Rom. 2:19; 11:7, 25; Rev. 3:17.

51. BLOOD

PRIMARY MEANING:  Life; cleansing, forgiveness, atonement.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 17:11; Matt. 26:28; 1 Cor. 10:16; Heb. 9:12, 22; 1 Pet. 1:18-20; Rev. 1:5.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Blood is the red fluid circulating in the body that takes nourishment to the body parts and carries away waste.  “Blood” is from the Hebrew “dam” (Strong’s #1818) which means “blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (drops of blood).”  Compare “‘adam” which means “to show blood (in the face).”  In the Old Covenant, the satisfaction or payment for human sins was made by the death of a specified animal substitute.  In the New Testament, this Old Testament truth of sacrifice is applied to Christ’s blood.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ washed us from our sins in His own blood (Rev. 1:5), in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of His grace (Eph. 1:7).  The Lamb of God is our “propitiation” (mercy-seat) through faith in His blood (Rom. 3:25).  Jesus Christ our Passover has been sacrificed for us (Ex. 12:13; 1 Cor. 5:7).  Jesus announced to His disciples in the Upper Room, “This is My blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins” (Matt. 26:28).  Our great High Priest prayed so earnestly in the Garden of Gethsemane that His sweat became great drops of blood falling down to the ground (Lk. 22:44).  At the cross, one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and blood and water flowed out (Jn. 19:34).  Paul declared of Jesus “Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by His own blood He entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us” (Heb. 9:12).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Moses announced, “The life of the flesh is in the blood…for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul” (Lev. 17:11).  Without the shedding of blood, there is no remission or forgiveness (Heb. 9:22).  Delivered out of a waterless (lifeless) pit (Zech. 9:11),  believers have been redeemed, justified, and sanctified with the precious blood of Christ, the Lamb without blemish or spot (Rom. 5:9; Heb. 13:12; 1 Pet. 1:18-19).  At the Lord’s table (the Eucharist), the blessed cup of blessing is the communion of the blood of Christ (1 Cor. 10:16).  We have boldness to enter the holiest by the blood of our Lord’s everlasting covenant (Heb. 10:19; 13:20).  The apostle John exclaimed, “But if we walk in the light, as He is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanseth us from all sin” (1 Jn. 1:7).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 4:10; 9:4-6; 37:31; 49:11; Ex. 12; Lev. 3:17; 4:4-5; 14:6; Deut. 32:14; Josh. 20; 1 Kg. 2:5; Joel 2:31; Matt. 27:8, 25, 34; Mk. 14:24; Lk. 11:50-51; Jn. 6:53-63; Acts 1:19; 17:26; 20:28; 1 Cor. 11:23-30; Col. 1:14, 20; Heb. 2;14; 9:7-14, 18-25; 10:4, 29; 11:28; 12:24; 1 Pet. 1:2; 1 Jn. 5:8; Rev. 7:14; 12:11; 19:13.

52. BLUE

PRIMARY MEANING:  That which is heavenly; the Holy Spirit.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 25:4; 28:5-8, 31; Num. 4:6-12; Eph. 1:3; 2:6.

BASIC INFORMATION:  “Blue” is from the Hebrew “tekeleth” (Strong’s #8504) which means “the cerulean mussel, the color (violet) obtained therefrom or stuff dyed therewith.”  It is akin to “shecheleth” (Strong’s #7827) which means “peeling off by concussion of sound; a scale or shell, the aromatic mussel.”  The latter is rendered as “onycha” in the King James Version.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Just as the color blue was prominent in the Old Testament tabernacle, Jesus Christ, the Word made flesh, is the Lord from Heaven (Ex. 25:4; 1 Cor. 15:47), the divine Wisdom from above (Ex. 35:35; 1 Cor. 1:30; Jas. 3:17).  The hanging for the door of the tent was made with blue, pointing to the Redeemer who hung on the tree (Ex. 26:36; Gal. 3:13-14).  Jesus is the heavenly Aholiab of the tribe of Dan (judge), who was an embroider in blue (Ex. 38:23; Jn. 5:22; Col. 1:29).  Blue was also woven into the garments of the High Priest (Ex. 28:5-8, 15, 28; Heb. 4:14-16).  Of special note was the robe of the ephod made all of blue (Ex. 28:31), pointing to the seamless robe of our Savior, woven from the top throughout (Jn. 19:23).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  God’s people have been made to sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus to enjoy the blessings of God (Eph. 1:3; 2:6).  We are partakers of the heavenly calling and have tasted the heavenly gift (Heb. 3:1; 6:4).  Christians have come to Mount Sion, the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem (Heb. 12:22).  As the Israelites wore blue on the fringes of their garments, believers shall put on and bear the image of the heavenly (Num. 15:38; 1 Cor. 15:49).  Christians are like cloths of service, to do service in the holy place (Ex. 39:1).  The “gold” of His divine nature has been worked into us by His Spirit (Ex. 39:2; Phil. 2:13; 2 Pet. 1:4).  Like Mordecai, the believer has been “endued” (clothed upon) with royal apparel of blue and white by the Spirit (Esth. 8:15; Lk. 24:49).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 26:1, 4, 31; 27:16; 28:33, 37; 35:6, 23-25; 36:8, 11, 35-37; 38:18; 39:1-8, 21-24, 29-31; Num. 4:6-12; 2 Chron. 2:7, 14; 3:14; Esth. 1:6; Prov. 20:30; Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 23:6; 27:7, 24; Eph. 1:20; 3:10; 2 Tim. 4:18; Heb. 8:5; 9:23; 11:16.

53. BOARDS

PRIMARY MEANING:  The many-membered Body of Christ, the priesthood of believers.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 26:15-30; 36:20-34; 38:25-27; 39:33; 1 Cor. 12; Rom. 12; Eph. 2:19-22; 4:16.

BASIC INFORMATION:  “Boards” is from the Hebrew “qeresh” (Strong’s #7175) which means “to split off; a slab or plank; by implication, a deck of a ship.”  It is translated in the King James Version as “bench, board.”  Of special note were the 48 boards that formed the framework of Moses’ Tabernacle.  Each board was 10 cubits (15 feet) high and 1 1/2 cubits (27 inches) wide, perhaps four inches thick.  The boards were made of acacia (shittim) wood and overlaid with gold.  Each board rested on two silver sockets, secured by tenons (“hands”) which fastened into the sockets.  The boards were bound together on three sides by five bars (poles) made of shittim wood and overlaid with gold.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ has become Head over all things to the Church, which is His Body (Eph. 1:22-23).   The corner boards of the Tabernacle (Ex. 26:23) speak of Him who has become the head Stone of the corner (Psa. 118:22; Isa. 28:16; Eph. 2:20).  Moses, the mediator of the Old Covenant (Jn. 1:17; 3:19), “set up the boards” (Ex. 40:18); Jesus, the mediator of the New Covenant (1 Tim. 2:5), has “set the members every one of them in the Body, as it hath pleased Him” (1 Cor. 12:18, 28; 1 Tim. 2;5).  The Church stands and rests on His redemptive blood (the silver sockets), the blood of the Lamb (1 Pet. 1:18-19)–Jesus alone is our true Foundation (1 Cor. 3:11).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The members of the Body of Christ  are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood (1 Cor. 12:27; 1 Pet. 2:9).  There were 48 boards–6 (the number of man) times 8 (the number of a new beginning)–the many members of the Body of Christ constitute “one new man” (Eph. 2:15; 4:13, 24; Col. 3:10).  Just as the wood (human nature) was in the gold (divine nature), believers are “in Christ” (Eph. 1:3; 2:6).  The charge of the priestly burden included the boards of the tabernacle (Num. 4:31); so Paul declared, “bear ye one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ” (Gal. 6:1-2).  The Church is a Building fitly framed together, growing unto a holy Temple in the Lord (Eph. 2:21).  We are called to be perfectly joined together in the same mind and judgment (1 Cor. 1:10).  God’s people are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets (the two sockets under each board); “the five bars for the boards” of the Tabernacle also prefigure the five-fold ministry sent to equip the saints and bring them into the unity of the faith (Eph. 2:20; 4:11-12).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 27:8; 30:11-16; 35:11; Num. 3:36; 1 Kg. 6:9, 15-16; Psa. 103:14; 133:1-3; Song 8:9; Isa. 29:16; Ezek. 27:5; 40:2; Lk. 11:49; Acts 27:44; Rom. 12; 1 Cor. 12; Eph. 4;1-16; Phil. 2:1-5; Heb. 10:25; 11:3; Rev. 1:6; 5:10.

54. BOAZ

PRIMARY MEANING:  Kinsman-redeemer.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ruth 2:1; 2 Chron. 3:17; Matt. 1:5; Gal. 3:13-14; 1 Pet. 1:18-19.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Boaz was a wealthy and honorable man of Bethlehem-Judah, a kinsman of Elimelech, Naomi’s husband, who became the husband of Ruth, Naomi’s widowed daughter-in-law.  “Boaz” (mentioned 20 times in the Book of Ruth) is the transliteration of “Bo’ az” (Strong’s #1162) and has been translated to mean “in him is strength, son of strength, alacrity, quickness, fleetness, might or power.”  Through their son Obed, Boaz and Ruth became ancestors of King David and the Lord Jesus Christ.  Boaz was also the name of one of the two primary bronze pillars of Solomon’s Temple.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is our Heavenly Boaz, a mighty man of wealth (Ruth 2:1; Eph. 1:3; Phil. 4:19).  The Word made flesh is kin to us (Ruth 3:2; Jn. 1:14), and can be touched with the feeling of our infirmities (Heb. 4:15).  Paul declared of Jesus, “Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, He also Himself likewise took part of the same…to succour them that are tempted” (Heb. 2:14-18).  Jesus gave himself for us to redeem us from all iniquity, to purify unto Himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works (Tit. 2:14).  “The field” that belonged to Boaz shows that “the earth is the Lord’s” (Ruth 2:3; Psa. 24:1; Matt. 13:38).  Jesus, like Boaz, came from Bethlehem (Ruth 2:4; Mic. 5:2).  Boaz invited Ruth to the table of bread and wine (Ruth 2:14; 1 Cor. 11:23-30).  Like Elimelech’s kinsman, Jesus is Lord of the harvest (Ruth 2:3; Matt. 3:12; 9:38).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul explained, “Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us…that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith” (Gal. 3:13-14).  Our Maker, Husband and Redeemer has redeemed us from the hand of all our enemies (Isa. 54;5; Mic. 4:10).  The Lord God of Israel has visited and redeemed His people that we might receive the adoption of sons (Lk. 1:68; Gal. 4:5).  We were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, but with the precious blood of Christ, the Lamb without spot or blemish (1 Pet. 1:18-19; Rev. 13:8).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ruth 4:9; 1 Kg. 7:21; 1 Chron. 2:11-12; Job 19:25; Psa. 19:14; 78:35; Prov. 23:11; Isa. 43:14; 44:24; 48:17; 59:20; Jer. 32:9; 50:34; Ezek. 3:15; Lk. 10:2; 1 Cor. 6:20; 7:23; Heb. 5:7-9; 2 Pet. 2:1; Rev. 5:9; 14:3-4.

55. BONES

PRIMARY MEANING:  The Body of Christ, His flesh; structure, framework.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ezek. 37:1-14; Jn. 19:33-36; 1 Cor. 12; Eph. 5:30-32; Heb. 10:25.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bones constitute the skeletal framework of the human body.  “Bone” is from the Hebrew “‘etsem” (Strong’s #6106) which means “a bone (as strong); by extension, the body.”  Its root “‘atsam” (Strong’s #6105) means “to bind fast, close (the eyes); intransitively, to be

powerful or numerous; to crunch the bones.”  “Bones” can also mean “body; substance; full; selfsame.”  The bones of Joseph were revered by the Israelites.  In the prophet Ezekiel’s vision of the valley of dry bones, the dead bones came to life, showing that the nation of Israel would be restored after the Babylonian captivity.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  John recorded, “But when they came to Jesus, and saw that He was dead already, they brake not His legs…For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, ‘A bone of Him shall not be broken’” (see Ex. 12:46; Num. 9:12; Psa. 34:20; Jn. 19:33-36; 1 Cor. 5:7).  In the Psalm of the Cross, Messiah prophesied through David, “I am poured out like water, and all My bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of My bowels…I may tell all My bones: they look and stare upon Me” (Psa. 22:14, 17).  After His resurrection, Jesus said, “Behold My hands and My feet, that it is I myself: handle Me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see Me have” (Lk. 24:39).  His resurrection life energizes the bones (2 Kg. 13:21).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Church, the members of His Body, is the Bride of Christ, bone of His bone and flesh of His flesh (Gen. 2:23; Eph. 5:30-32)–the whole House of Israel (Ezek. 37:11; Heb. 3:5-6).  Our trust in the Lord is like marrow to the bones (Prov. 3:8).  Solomon wrote, “The light of the eyes rejoiceth the heart: and a good report maketh the bones fat” (Prov. 15:30).  “Pleasant words are as an honeycomb, sweet to the soul, and health to the bones” (Prov. 16:24).  The “noise” (voice) of His Word is shaking the Church, and the bones are assembling together, bone to bone (Ezek. 37:7; Heb. 10:25; 12:26-29).  The end-time Church is carrying the “bones” of Joseph–the hopes and dreams of our spiritual predecessors who died in faith (see Gen. 50:25; Ex. 13:19; Matt. 27:51-53; Eph. 3:15).  Other men have labored, and we have entered into their labors, for they without us shall not be made perfect (see Jn. 4:38; Heb. 11:13, 22, 39-40; 12:1-2).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 50:25; Ex. 13:19; Num. 24:8; Josh. 24:32; 2 Sam. 5:1; Job 2:5; 10:11; 30:17; Psa. 31:10; 38:3; 51:8; 109:18; Prov. 12:4; 14:30; 17:22; 25:15; Eccl. 11:5; Isa. 66:14; Isa. 66:14; Ezek. 24:4; Hab. 3:16; Zeph. 3:3; Matt. 23:27; Jn. 6:51-56; Acts 3:7; 1 Cor. 6:15; 12:12-27.

56. BOOK

PRIMARY MEANING:  The Bible; living epistles.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Job 19:23; Ezek. 2:8-3:3; Matt. 1:1; 2 Cor. 3:1-3; Heb. 12:23; Rev. 21:27.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A book is a collection of written sheets, bound together along one edge and protected by a cover.  In Bible times a book was usually preserved on a scroll, a roll of papyrus, leather, or parchment.  “Book” is from the Hebrew “cepher” (Strong’s #5612) which means “writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book.”  Its root “caphar” (Strong’s #5608) means “to score with a mark as a tally or record, (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, celebrate.”  The Greek word for “book” is “biblos,” from which we get our word “Bible.”  Figuratively, to eat the book speaks of partaking of the Word of God.  The Book of Life carries the idea of registering citizens; a sealed book is one with its contents unrevealed.  There were books of genealogies as well as books of remembrance containing the names and deeds of people who had done special favors for the king.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Word of God, the sum total of everything God has said to man (Jn. 1:1-18).  He fulfilled the cry of the Father, “Oh that my words were now written!  Oh that they were printed in a book!” (Job 19:23).  In the “volume of the Book” it was written of Him (Psa. 40:5-8; Heb. 10:5-10).  Most of the Old Testament is the book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham (Matt. 1:1).  Jesus is the worthy Lamb who has loosed the seals of the New Covenant (Rev. 5:1-14).  John acclaimed the living Word, “And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written” (Jn. 21:25).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Book is a people with the Lamb’s nature (Rev. 14:1-5; 21:27).  Paul wrote that the general assembly and Church of the firstborn are registered in Heaven (Heb. 12:23).  Christians are living epistles, known and read of all men, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God (2 Cor. 3:1-3).  We are to study the Word in two ways:  the Bible, and the Word made flesh in God’s people–the Church as the ongoing incarnation of Christ.  The prophet noted, “And a book of remembrance was written before Him for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon His name” (Mal. 3:16).  The revelation of Jesus Christ is being written in the hearts of a people commissioned to go throughout the earth (Rev. 1:11)–”the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world” (see Phil. 4;3; Rev. 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 21:27).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 5:1; Ex. 17:14; 24:7; 32:32-33; Num. 21:14; Deut. 17:18; 24:1; 31:24-26; Josh. 1:8; 2 Kg. 22:16; 2 Chron. 24:27; Esth. 6:1-2; Psa. 56:8; 69:28; Isa. 29:11; 30:8; Jer. 36; Dan. 7:10; 9:2; 12:1-4; Nah. 1:1; Mal. 3:16; Lk. 1:1-4; 4:17-21; Jn. 20:30; 2 Tim. 4:13; Heb. 9:19; Rev. 5:5; 10:2, 8-10; 20:12-15; 22:7-10, 18-19.

57. BOOTH

PRIMARY MEANING:  A habitation of God through the Spirit.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Lev. 23:33-44; Psa. 27:4; Isa. 4:6; Eph. 2:19-22.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A booth was a temporary shelter made of shrubs and tree branches, which protected cattle against the weather.  “Booth” is from the Hebrew “cok” (Strong’s #5520) which means “a hut (as of entwined boughs); also a lair.”  It is translated in the King James Version as “booth, cottage, covert, den, pavilion, tabernacle, tent.”  Its root “cakak” (Strong’s #5526) means “to entwine as a screen; by implication, to fence in, cover over, (figuratively) protect.”  Booths were used also by keepers of vineyards and soldiers on the battlefield.  In the seventh month, during the Feast of Tabernacles (or Feast of Booths), the Israelites made booths and lived in them for seven days.  “Succoth,” an ancient town, also means “booth.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was the Booth that the Father lived in, all the fullness of the Godhead bodily (Col. 1:19; 2:9).  He will protect His people according to the Psalmist, “Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues” (Psa. 31:20).  Jesus is a Tabernacle to shadow us from the daytime’s heat, a place of refuge and covering from the storm and rain (Isa. 4:6).  David knew that the Lord has “made darkness pavilions round about Him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies” (2 Sam. 22:12).  The Lord has chosen Zion for His booth; He has desired it for His habitation (Psa. 132:13; Isa. 33:20).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers are the House of the Lord, individually and collectively, the Temple of the living God (2 Cor. 6:16), a habitation of God through the Spirit (Eph. 2:22).  The psalmist declared, “There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High” (Psa. 46:4; Jn. 7:37-39).  The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous, and the Lord blesses the habitation of the just (Psa. 118:15; Prov. 3:33).  We are not to be as the angry prophet Jonah, who was content to go out of the city and dwell by himself in a one-man Feast of Tabernacles (Jon. 4:5; Heb. 10:25).  John prophesied, “The tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God” (Jn. 1:14-18; Rev. 21:1-3).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 33:17; Ex. 23:16; 34:22; Num. 29:12-32; Deut. 16:13-16; 2 Chron. 8:13; Ezra 3:4; Neh. 8:13-18; Job 27:18; 36:29; Psa. 27:4; 43:3; 60:6; 84:1; 91:9; 108:7; Isa. 1:8; Hos. 12:9; Zech. 2:13; 14:16-19; Matt. 17:4; Mk. 9:5; Lk. 9:33; Jn. 7:2; Acts 17:26; Heb. 3:5-6; 11:9.

58. BOSOM

PRIMARY MEANING:  The heart; intimacy, affection.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Prov. 16:33; Isa. 40:11; Jn. 1:1, 18; 13:23-25.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bosom is another word for the chest of the human body, used symbolically to suggest closeness or intimacy.  “Bosom” is from the Hebrew “cheyq” (Strong’s #2436) which means “to inclose; the bosom (literally or figuratively).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “bosom, bottom, lap, midst, within.”  “Bosom” can also mean “base.”  The Greek word is “kolpos” and means “bosom, bay; the front of the body between the arms,” where beloved ones, infants, and animals are pressed closely.  The bosom was also a fold of one’s garment above the belt where things are hidden.  Receiving something into one’s bosom means to accept it completely.  The bosom may also imply a person’s inner thoughts.  “Abraham’s bosom” symbolizes a place of honor.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the Word made flesh, came from the heart of God (Jn. 1:14).  John declared, “No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared Him” (Jn. 1:18).  The eternal intimacy of the Godhead is declared by the pre-incarnate Christ, the hidden “Wisdom of God” (1 Cor. 1:24; Col. 2:3), “Then I was by Him, as One brought up with Him:  and I was daily His delight, rejoicing always before Him” (Prov. 8:30; Jn. 1:1).  Jesus is the Good Shepherd who gathers the lambs with His arm, and carries them in His bosom (Isa. 40:11; Jn. 10:11).  Our Lord delights to bless His children, taking us up in His arms and holding us close to His bosom (Matt. 19:13-15; Mk. 9:36).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Church is the Bride, the Lamb’s wife, the wife of His bosom (Deut. 13:6; Rev. 21:9).

We lay in His bosom, eating His meat and drinking His Cup (2 Sam. 12:3; 1 Cor. 11:23-30).  Like John, disciples who love Jesus lean their heads of reason upon His heart (Jn. 13:23-25; 21:20), casting their destined lots into His “lap” (Prov. 16:33; 1 Pet. 5:7).  The security of intimacy with Christ is the secret to all successful ministry:  “Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom.  For with the same measure that ye mete withal it shall be measured to you again” (Lk. 6:38).  The five-fold ministry (Eph. 4:11), God’s “hand,” is being healed and restored by reaching into a fresh intimacy with God (Ex. 4:6-7).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 16:5; Num. 11:12; Deut. 28:56; Ruth 4:16; 1 Kg. 1:2; 22:25; Job 19:27; Psa. 35:13; 74:11; Prov. 6:27; 17:23; 21:14; 16:33; Isa. 65:7; Jer. 32:18; Ezek. 43:13; Mk. 9:36; Lk. 2:28; 16:22-23; Acts 27:39; Col. 3:1-3.

59. BOTTLE

PRIMARY MEANING:  A container and dispenser.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Isa. 22:20-24; Lam. 4:2; Lk. 5:37-38; Acts 2:33-36.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A bottle was a container for carrying liquids, made of pottery or leather.  One Hebrew word for “bottle” is “chemeth” (Strong’s #2573) and mean “a skin bottle (as tied up).  It comes from a root meaning “to join; a wall of protection.”  Another word is “nebel” (Strong’s #5035) which means “a skin-bag for liquids (from collapsing when empty); hence, a vase (as similar in shape when full); also a lyre (as having a body of like form).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “bottle, pitcher, psaltery, vessel, viol.”  The Greek word for “bottle” is “askos” (Strong’s #779) and means “a leathern (or skin) bag used as a bottle.”  It has been translated as “wineskin,” which was made of animal skins (usually goatskin) sewn together or tied off and sealed to make them watertight.  Wineskins were renewed by soaking them in water and rubbing them with oil.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is Heaven’s Bottle, the One who poured out His soul unto death (Isa. 53:12; Jn. 1:4).  Jesus “shed forth” (poured out) the promise of the Holy Ghost (Acts 1:5; 2:33-36).  One Hebrew word for “bottle” means “psaltery”–Jesus is the Prophet who came down from the high place with a psaltery (1 Sam. 10:5; 2 Sam. 6:5; Acts 3:22-24), the One who awoke early (Psa. 57:8; 1 Cor. 15:20).  Our Lord knows all about His people, for our tears are in His “bottle” (Psa. 56:8).  Jesus is the One who has the key of David (Rev. 1:18; 3:7), the heavenly Eliakim of whom Isaiah prophesied, “and they shall hang upon Him all the glory of His Father’s house” (Isa. 22:20-24).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jeremiah declared, “The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers” (Lam. 4:2)–containers for the oil and wine of the Holy Spirit (Eph. 5:18).  The Christian wineskin is revealed in three dimensions:  the individual, his home, and his local church.  We must keep our bottles filled and new, lest they become old, and rent, and bound up (Josh. 9:4, 13).  The key to a fresh experience in God is to sing a new song, to give Him praise (Psa. 33:2; 81:2; 144:9).  Jesus taught, “And no man putteth new wine into old bottles; else the new wine will burst the bottles, and be spilled, and the bottles shall perish.  But new wine must be put into new bottles; and both are preserved” (Lk. 5:37-38).  God is renewing His people by soaking us in the water of His Word and rubbing us with the oil of His Spirit.

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 21:14-19; Judg. 4:19; 1 Sam. 1:24; 10:3; 16:20; 25:18; Job 32:19; 38:37; Psa. 33:7; 92:3; 119:83; 150:3; Jer. 13:12; 19:1, 10; 48:12; Hos 7:5; Hab. 2:15; Matt. 9:17; Mk. 2:22; 2 Cor. 3:6.

60. BOW

PRIMARY MEANING:  The everlasting covenant.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 9:8-17; Psa. 89; Ezek. 1:28; 37:26; Heb. 13:20.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bows were the most characteristic weapons of warfare in the Old Testament period.  “Bow” is from the Hebrew “qesheth” (Strong’s #7198) which means “bending; a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris.”  Simple bows were composed of a piece of wood and string, composite bows of wood and animal horn.  The bow speaks as well of the rainbow, a sign of the covenant.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was the Bow “set” (given) in the cloud, a token of a covenant between God and the earth (Gen. 9:13; 1 Tim. 2:5).  He is as the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain (Ezek. 1:28).  Zechariah prophesied that out of the house of Judah would come forth Messiah the nail, “out of him the battle Bow” (Zech. 10:3-4; Heb. 7:14).  Jesus is the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the everlasting covenant (Heb. 13:20).  He is the Stone of Israel–”His bow abode in strength and the arms of His hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob” (Gen. 49:24; Jn. 10:11). The Father bent His bow and made it ready (Psa. 7:12), then sent His Son as the Arrow of deliverance (2 Kg. 13:17).  “Thy Bow was made quite naked” (Hab. 3:9)–the uncovering of the bow (removing it from its case of leather or cloth) reveals the unveiling of the New Covenant, when Jesus was crucified as a criminal.  John exclaimed, “And I saw, and behold a white horse: and He that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto Him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer” (Rev. 6:2; 11:15).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  We have been partakers of the blood of the New Testament shed for many for the remission of sins (Matt. 26:28; Rev. 1:5).  The prophet Isaiah gave the invitation, “Incline your ear, and come unto Me:  hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David” (Isa. 55:3).  Overcoming Christians are valiant men able to bear buckler and sword, to shoot with bow, skillful in war (1 Chron. 5:18; 2 Cor. 10:3-6).  Jeremiah admonished, “Put yourselves in array against Babylon round about: all ye that bend the bow, shoot at her, spare no arrows: for she hath sinned against the Lord” (Jer. 50:14).  The Lord has bent and filled the bow with the sons of Zion, raising them up as the sword of a mighty man (Zech. 9:13).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 17:7, 13, 19; 27:3; 48:22; Lev. 24:8; Num. 25:13; 1 Sam. 2:4; 18:4; 2 Sam. 1:18; 22:35; 2 Kg. 13:16; 1 Chron. 12:2; 16:17; Neh. 4:16; Job 29:20; Psa. 105:10; Isa. 41:2; 61:8; Jer. 32:40; Lam. 2:4; Hos. 2:18; Heb. 8:6-13; 10:16, 29; 12:24.

61. BOWELS

PRIMARY MEANING:  Inward affections; mercy, compassion.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  2 Sam. 7:12; Song 5:14; Col. 3:12; 1 Jn. 3:16-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The bowels refer to the internal parts of a person’s body.  “Bowels” is from the Hebrew “me’ ah” (Strong’s #4578) which means “to be soft; the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen, figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extension, the stomach, the uterus (or of men, the seat of generation), the heart (figuratively).”  It is rendered in the King James Version as “belly, bowels, heart, womb.”  The Greek word for “bowels” is “splagchnon” (Strong’s #4698) and means “(the ‘spleen’); an intestine (plural, figuratively, pity or sympathy.”  It has also been translated as “feelings of kindness, goodwill, pity.”  The bowels were regarded by the Greeks as the seat of the more violent passions, by the Hebrews as the seat of tender affections.  Symbolically, the bowels were considered the seat of emotions and feelings–the heart.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the Heir of all things, came forth out of the Father’s own bowels (Gen. 15:4; Heb. 1:2).  He is David’s greater Son of whom Nathan prophesied, “I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish His kingdom” (2 Sam. 7:12; Lk. 1:31-33).  Through the tender mercy of our God, the Dayspring from on high has visited us (Lk. 1:78).  Through the Psalmist, Messiah declared, “I am poured out like water, and all My bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of My bowels…I delight to do Thy will, O my God: yea, Thy law is within My heart” (Psa. 22:14; 40:8).  The hands of our King are as gold rings set with the beryl, and His belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires (Song 5:14).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul instructed, “Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering” (Col. 3:12).  We are to love our brothers, to open our bowels of compassion unto others (1 Jn. 3:16-17).  Our innermost being is moved at the sight of His nail-scarred hand (Song 5:4; Jn. 20:24-29).  We can say with the prophet, “The Lord hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath He made mention of my name” (Isa. 49:1).  Christians are to fill their bowels with the Word of God (Ezek. 3:3), then long after godly relationships “in the bowels of Jesus Christ” (Phil. 1:8).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 25:23; Num. 5:22; 2 Chron. 21:15-19; Job 20:14; 30:27; Psa. 71:6; Isa. 63:15; Jer. 4:19; 31:20; Lam. 1:20; 2:11; Jonah 1:17; 2:1; Acts 1:18; 2 Cor. 6:12; 2 Cor. 7:15; Phil. 2:1; Phile. 1:7, 12, 20.

62. BOWL

PRIMARY MEANING:  Container for holy things.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 25:29-34; Num. 7:13-85; Zech. 9:15; 14:20; Col. 1:19; 2:9.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A bowl was a shallow container for holding food or fluids, often mentioned with regard to the sanctuary and its services.  One Hebrew word for “bowl” is “menaqqiyth” (Strong’s #4518) and means “a sacrificial basin (for holding blood).”  The word describing the “bowls” of the Golden Candlestick is “gebiya’” (Strong’s #1375) and means “(to be convex); a goblet; by analogy, the calyx of a flower.”  Another Hebrew word is “gullah” (Strong’s #1543) which means “a fountain, bowl or globe (all as round).”  Compare also “mizraq” (Strong’s #4219) which means “a bowl (as if for sprinkling).”  Vessels holding the olive oil for the lampstand in the Holy Place were called bowls, and the sacrifices offered by the leaders of Israel at the dedication of the tabernacle were made in silver bowls.  The word bowl sometimes designates a kneading trough or bread bowl, or a large banquet bowl.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus was the Bowl of pure gold from Heaven’s sanctuary who contained all the fullness of the Godhead bodily (Ex. 25:29; Col. 1:19; 2:9), and the Spirit without measure (Jn. 3:34).  He was the sacrificial basin for His own blood, the Fountain who has been opened and poured out for sin and for uncleanness (Zech. 13:1; Rev. 1:5).  Jesus is the Bowl on the “top” (head) of the Pillar, His Church (1 Kg. 7:41-42; 1 Tim. 3:15), the “golden Bowl” that was broken and killed at the cross (Eccl. 12:6).  He is the “one silver charger (symbolizing redemption)” common to all the tribes (Num. 7:13-85; Gal. 3:13-14).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Golden Candlestick (Lampstand) is the Church (Zech. 4:2; Rev. 1:20), and believers are like bowls filled with the oil of the Holy Spirit (Eph. 5:18).  We are destined to be sons of oil that stand by the Lord of the whole earth (Zech. 4:1-4, 14).  The dedication and anointing of the early Church is prefigured by the princes of Israel–their “twelve silver bowls” point ahead to His twelve disciples, the twelve apostles (Num. 7:84; Matt. 10:1-2).  Zechariah prophesied that all His people shall “be filled like bowls, and as the corners of the altar…In that day shall there be upon the bells of the horses, Holiness unto the Lord; and the pots in the Lord’s house shall be like the bowls before the altar” (Zech. 9:15; 14:20).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 12:34; 25:29; 37:16-20; Num. 4:7, 14; Judg. 5:25; 1 Kg. 7:40; 45, 50; 2 Kg. 12:13; 25:15; 1 Chron. 28:17; 2 Chron. 4:8-13, 22; Jer. 52:18-19; Amos 6:6; 2 Cor. 4:7; 2 Tim. 2:20; Heb. 9:21.

63. BRACELET

PRIMARY MEANING:  The seal of the Holy Spirit.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 38:17-20, 25; Song 8:6; 2 Cor. 1:22; Eph. 1:13-14; 4:30.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A bracelet is a piece of jewelry, usually of gold or silver, worn on the wrists and arms of women.  “Bracelet,” from the Hebrew “tsamiyd” (Strong’s #6781), means “a bracelet or arm-clasp; generally, a lid,” and is translated in the King James Version as “bracelet, covering.”  Its root “tsamad” (Strong’s #6775) means “to link, gird; figuratively, to serve, (mentally) contrive,”  and is rendered in the King James Version as “fasten, frame, join (self).”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Arm of the Lord to which we are covenantedly joined (Isa. 51:9; 53:1).  The Shulamite Bride said to her Husband, “Set me as a seal upon Thine heart, as a seal upon Thine arm:  for love is strong as death; jealousy is cruel as the grave:  the coals thereof are coals of fire, which hath a most vehement flame” (Song 8:6; Rom. 8:34-39).  God said to His covenantal people, “I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy hands, and a chain on thy neck.  And I put a jewel on thy forehead, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful crown upon thine head” (Ezek. 16:11-12).  Jesus is the One who baptizes His Church with the Holy Ghost and fire (Matt. 3:7-12; Acts 1:5-8; 2:1-4, 33-36).

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER:  Paul declared that believers were sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise, the earnest of our inheritance (2 Cor. 1:22; Gal. 4:6; Eph. 1:13-14).  The Greek word for “earnest” is “arrahbon” and means “a pledge, part of the purchase-money given in advance as security.”  Used in the Septuagint (the Greek O.T.) to translate the word “pledge” in Genesis 38:17-20, “arrahbon” has its origin in the Hebrew word “arabown” (Strong’s #6162) which means “a pawn (given as security)”–”bracelets” were part of Judah’s “pledge,” and typify the sealing of the Spirit.  The Bride of Christ has bracelets for her hands (Gen. 24:22; Eph. 5:31-32).  The apostle admonished us not to grieve the Holy Spirit, through whom we are sealed unto the day of redemption (Eph. 4:30).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 24:30, 47; Ex. 35:22; Num. 19:50; 31:50; 2 Sam. 1:10; Isa. 3:19; Jer. 32:10; Ezek. 9:4; 23:42; Matt. 25:4; Jn. 3:33; 6:27; Acts 10:44-46; 19:1-6; Rom. 8:9-17, 23; 2 Tim. 2:19; Rev. 7:3; 9:4; 22:4.

64. BRANCH

PRIMARY MEANING:  The vital extension of the vine.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 25:31-40; Isa. 4:2; 11:1-2; Jer. 23:5-6; 33:15-16; Zech. 3:8; 6:12-13; Jn. 15:1-8.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A branch is a secondary stem or limb growing from the trunk of a tree.  “Branch” is from the Hebrew “qaneh” (Strong’s #7070) which means “a reed (as erect); by resemblance a rod (especially for measuring), shaft, tube, stem, the radius (of the arm), beam (of a steelyard).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “balance, bone, branch, calamus, cane, reed, stalk.”  Its root “qanah” (Strong’s #7069) means “to erect, create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase; by implication, to own.”  The Greek word for “branch” is “klados” (Strong’s #2798) which means “a twig or bough (as if broken off for grafting).”  The arms of the golden lampstand in Moses’s Tabernacle are described as branches.  While most commentators feel that “the Branch” is a symbolic title for the Messiah, it is noteworthy that the Man whose name is “the Branch” is the New Testament corporate Man, with Jesus as Head and His Church as the Body–a many-membered king-priest ministry joined in covenantal union with the true Vine.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus said, “I am the Vine, ye are the branches:  He that abideth in Me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit” (Jn. 15:5).  Jesus Christ is the Messianic Head of the Man whose name is the Branch (Zech. 6:12-13).  Isaiah prophesied that a Rod (Jesus) would come out of the stem (David) of Jesse, and that a Branch (the Church) would grow out of His roots–”and the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon Him (both Head and Body), the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord” (Isa. 11:1-2).  These are the “seven spirits of God” (the fulness of the Spirit) that rest upon Messiah and His glorious Church, His branches (see Jn. 3:34; Rev. 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6).  Compare the seven-branched Golden Candlestick in Moses’ Tabernacle, whose uniquely ornamented central shaft pictures Jesus the Vine (Ex. 25:31-40; Col. 1:18), the Tree of life.

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jesus is the true Vine and we are the branches (Jn. 15:1-5).  The apostle explained, “If the root be holy, so are the branches” (Rom. 11:16).  Because of the resurrection life flowing from their Head, the righteous shall flourish as a branch (Prov. 11:28).  The Church is beautiful and glorious, with excellent fruit (Isa. 4:2; Eph. 5:25-27).  Isaiah foresaw the Church as a righteous people, the branch of His planting, the work of His hands (Isa. 60:21).  Jeremiah prophesied,  “Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth” (see Jer. 23:5-6; 33:15-16; 1 Cor. 6:1-3; Eph. 4:11-15).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 49:22; Ex. 25:31-40; 30:23; 37:17-24; Lev. 23:40; Num. 13:23; Neh. 8:15; Job 8:16; 14:7; Psa. 80:11-15; Song 4:14; Isa. 42:3; Ezek. 36:8; Dan. 4:14, 21; Hos. 14:6; Nah. 2:2; Zech. 4:12; Matt. 12:20; 13:32; 21:8; 24:32; Lk. 1:30-33; 13:19; Rom. 11:18-24; Heb. 8:1-6; 1 Pet. 2:9-10; Rev. 1:6; 2:7; 5:10; 22:2, 14.

65. BRASS (COPPER)

PRIMARY MEANING:  Judgment; fetters, bondage, prison.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 27:1-2; Judg. 16:21; Psa. 107:16; Ezek. 1:7; 40:3; Dan. 10:6.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Brass or copper was widely used in ancient times.  “Brass” is from the Hebrew “nechosheth” (Strong’s #5178) which means “copper, hence, something made of that metal, coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass), filthiness, steel.”  It is derived from “nachuwsh” (Strong’s #5153) which means “perhaps in the sense of ringing, bell-metal; or from the red color of the throat of a serpent; coppery, (figuratively) hard.”  The Greek word “chalkos” (Strong’s #5475) means “copper (the substance, or some implement or coin made of it).”  “Brass” has been translated as “copper; bronze; bronze chains.”  Ancient artisans discovered that copper hardened when hammered, especially when alloyed with tin to produce bronze or with zinc to produce brass.  These copper alloys were used for making weapons, tools, and all kinds of utensils.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Righteous Judge who took away the bondage and penalty of sin at the cross, typified by the altar overlayed with brass (Ex. 27:1-2; Jn. 1:29).  He came to deliver those who sat in the darkness of the prison house (Isa. 42:1; 1 Pet. 2:9).  Jesus is the Man who appeared to Ezekiel “like brass,” and to Daniel as One with arms and His feet like “polished brass” (Ezek. 40:3; Dan. 10:6).  Jesus broke the gates of brass, and cut through the bars of iron to send forth judgment unto victory (Psa. 107:16; Matt. 12:20).  The Father has  committed all judgment unto the Son (Jn. 5:22), who Himself declared, “For judgment I am come into this world” (Jn. 9:39).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Our sins have been judged in Christ (Heb. 9:28).  Like Samson, we were bound with fetters of brass as we ground in sin’s prison house (Judg. 16:21).  To refuse Him is to have the heaven over us to become like brass, and the earth under us like iron (Deut. 28:23; Prov. 13:15).  To the Christian God has promised, “For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron…And I will make thee unto this people a fenced brasen wall: and they shall fight against thee, but they shall not prevail against thee: for I am with thee to save thee and to deliver thee” (Isa. 60:17; Jer. 15:20).  Believers are to have straight feet (righteous lifestyles) that sparkle like the color of burnished brass (Ezek. 1:7; Eph. 5:15-16).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 4:22; Ex. 25:3; 26:11, 37; 27:10-11; 38:3, 18, 30; 31:4; 35:5; Num. 16:38-40; Deut. 8:9; 28:23; Judg. 16:21; 1 Sam. 17:5; 2 Sam. 8:8; 1 Kg. 7:14-16, 38, 45; 2 Kg. 25:7; 1 Chron. 15:19; 22:3; 2 Chron. 2:7; 6:13; Ezra 8:27; Isa. 60:17; Jer. 1:18; 52:18; Lam. 3:7; Zech. 6:1; Matt. 10:9; 1 Cor. 13:1; Rev. 18:12.

66. BRAZEN ALTAR (ALTAR OF BURNT OFFERING)

PRIMARY MEANING:  The cross of Calvary.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 27:1-8; Psa. 118:27; 1 Cor. 2:2; Gal. 2:20; 6:14; Phil. 2:8; Heb. 12:2; 13:10.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The Brazen Altar, the place for the daily burnt offering, was located just beyond the eastern entrance of Moses’ Tabernacle.  “Altar,” from the Hebrew root “zabach” (Strong’s #2076) means “to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice),” and is translated in the King James Version as “kill, offer, (do) sacrifice, slay.”  Entry into the presence of God required the sacrificial atonement for sin.  The Brazen Altar was a square hollow box measuring five by five by three cubits high.  Made of acacia wood and overlayed with brass, it was the largest and highest piece of furniture in the Tabernacle.  Four horns projected from its four corners.  A grated network extended 1 1/2 cubits from the earth on its inside.  There were rings and staves made of wood and brass (for transportation) and a compass or ledge around the outside.  Its utensils included pans, shovels, basins, fleshhooks, and firepans.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, who is our Altar, endured the cross, making peace through His blood (Col. 1:20; Heb. 12:2; 13:10).  He blotted out the handwriting of ordinances that was against, nailing it to His cross (Col. 2:14).  The hollow altar reveals that Jesus emptied Himself–”And being found in fashion as a man, He humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross” (Phil. 2:6-8).  Its being foursquare points to Him dying for the whole world (Jn. 3:16).  The number five (the Bible number of grace) shows Jesus’ five wounds at Calvary (hands, feet, and side).  The number three was fulfilled by His three days and three nights in the heart of the earth (Matt. 12:40).  The shittim or “incorruptible wood” reveals the Savior’s sinless humanity (Heb. 4:15).  The horns (a symbol of power) teach that there is power in His blood (Ex. 29:12; Lk. 1:68-69)!  The grated network was the same height as the Mercy-seat (Heb. 2:17).  The rings and staves proclaim that the Gospel of His salvation is to be carried to every nation (Matt. 28:18-20; Mk. 16:15).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Our old man, the sin nature, has been crucified with Christ (Rom. 6:6; Gal. 2:20).  God’s judgments (symbolized by the brass) are true and righteous (Rev. 16:7).  Let us go unto the altar of God with exceeding joy (Psa. 43:4).  The Psalmist admonished to bind the sacrifice with cords to the horns of the altar (Psa. 118:27).  Jesus taught, “And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after Me, is not worthy of Me…If any man will come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow Me” (Matt. 10:38; Lk. 9:23).  Paul affirmed that the preaching of the cross is foolishness to them who are perishing, but the power of God to us who are being saved (1 Cor. 1:18).  We agree with his apostolic declaration, “But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world” (1 Cor. 2:2; Gal. 6:14; Jas. 4:4).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 38:30; 39:39; 40:6; Lev. 9:22; 1 Kg. 8:64; 2 Kg. 16:14-15; 2 Chron. 1:5-6; 7:7; Ezek. 9:2; Psa. 26:6; 51:19; Matt. 27:35-44; Acts 2:23, 36; 4:10; 1 Cor. 1:17; 10:18; Gal. 5:11; 6:12; Eph. 2:16; Phil. 3:18; Heb. 7:13; Rev. 11:8.

67. BRAZEN SERPENT

PRIMARY MEANING:  Jesus lifted up on the cross.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Num. 21:4-9; 2 Kg. 18:4; Jn. 3:14; 12:32-34; Eph. 4:27.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The brazen serpent was a metal image that Moses lifted up on a pole in the wilderness at God’s command to deliver the Israelites from death and destruction.  “Nec” (Strong’s #5251), the Hebrew word for “pole,” means “a flag; also a sail; by implication, a flagstaff; generally a signal; figuratively, a token,” and is translated in the King James Version as “banner, ensign, sign, standard.”  God had sent fiery serpents, or poisonous snakes, to judge His people because of their rebellion.  God instructed Moses to make a serpent of brass.  All who looked at the bronze serpent lived.  The Israelites carried the bronze serpent with them for almost 700 years, preserving it until King Hezekiah of Judah destroyed the image because it had become an idol, “Nehushtan,” just “a piece of brass”.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, the Serpent of brass upon a pole (Num. 21:8-9), proclaimed, “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:  that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have eternal life” (Jn. 3:14-15).  Jesus was lifted up (raised up, elevated) in His crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension (Eph. 1:20-23).  God has highly exalted Him, and given Him the name to whom all knees should bow (Phil. 2:9-10).  The brazen serpent typified Jesus’ being made to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him (2 Cor. 5:21).  He declared, “And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto Me” (Jn. 12:32-34).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  As the Israelites walked through the wilderness, we are to run with patience the race that is set before us, looking unto Jesus the Author and Finisher of our faith (Heb. 12:1-2).  As the serpents bit the congregation of Israel, so the wages of sin is death (Num. 21:6; Rom. 6:23).  Look to “Jesus and live!  “And when they saw Him (the resurrected Christ), they worshipped Him” (Matt. 28:17).  Paul testified, “But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord” (2 Cor. 3:18).  We are not to worship the fiery furnace of our sufferings or pass the “snake” of religious traditions from generation to generation (Matt. 15:9; Mk. 7:13)–its just “a piece of brass.”

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 3:1; Deut. 8:15; 32:24; Prov. 23:32; 30:19; Eccl. 10:8, 11; Isa. 27:1; Amos 9:3; Matt. 10:16; Mk. 16:18; Lk. 18:31-33; Jn. 1:36; 8:28; Acts 2:23; 4:27-28; 1 Cor. 10:9; 2 Cor. 11:3; Phil. 2:5-11; Tit. 2:13; Heb. 10:27; 12:15; 2 Pet. 3:12; Jude 1:21; Rev. 12:9; 20:2.

68. BREAD

PRIMARY MEANING:  Jesus and His Body, the Church; the living Word of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 16; Matt. 4:3-4; 6:11; 15:26; 26:26; Jn. 6; 1 Cor. 5:7-8; 10:16-17.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Bread is a staple food made from flour or meal and mixed with a liquid, usually combined with leaven and kneaded, then shaped into loaves and baked.

“Bread” is from the Hebrew “lechem” (Strong’s #3899) which means “food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it).”  It has been translated as “bread, meal, food, fruit.”  The Greek word for “bread” is “artos” (Strong’s #740) which means “bread (as raised) or a loaf.”

Bread played an important role in Israel’s worship.  Twelve loaves of showbread baked without leaven were placed each weekly sabbath in the Tabernacle, and later in the Temple.  There was a Feast of Unleavened Bread (bread without yeast) to remember the Exodus.  During the Feast of Pentecost, two wave loaves baked with leaven were offered.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the true Bread from Heaven, the Bread of God, the Bread of life (Ex. 16; Jn. 6:32-33, 35, 41, 48).  He declared, “If any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever:  and the bread that I will give is My flesh, which I will give for the life of the world” (Jn. 6:51).  The Lord has visited His people in giving them Bread (Ruth 1:6).  Jesus was the “bread corn” that was bruised on the cross (Isa. 28:28; Jn. 12:24).  He taught us to pray, “Give us this day our daily bread” (Matt. 6:11).  At the Last Supper, the Savior took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to the disciples, saying “Take, eat; this is My body” (Matt. 26:26; Mk. 14:22; Lk. 22:19).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul explained, “The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the Body of Christ?  For we being many are one bread, and one body:  for we are all partakers of that one Bread” (1 Cor. 10:16-17).  We are to keep the feast, not with the old leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth (1 Cor. 5:7-8).  The Word of God is the spiritual bread which strengthens man’s heart (Psa. 104:15).  Jesus taught, “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God” (Matt. 4:4).  Healing and deliverance is “the children’s bread” (Matt. 15:26; Mk. 7:27).  There is plenty of bread in the Father’s house (Lk. 15:17).  The early Christians continued stedfastly in the breaking of bread (Acts 2:42, 46).  As often as we eat this bread, and drink this cup, we show the Lord’s death till He comes (1 Cor. 11:26).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 3:19; 14:18; Ex. 12:8; 13:6-7; 25:30; Lev. 21:8; 23:6, 17; 26:26; Num. 4:7; Deut. 8:3; Judg. 7:13; Ruth 2:14; 1 Sam. 2:36; Psa. 37:25; 41:9; 78:25; 80:5; 127:2; Prov. 31:14, 27; Isa. 4:1; 30:20; 33:16; 55:1-2; 58:7; Amos 8:11; Mal. 1:7; Matt. 26:26; Lk. 4:4; 11:11; 24:30, 35; Jn. 13:18; Acts 12:3; 20:7, 11; 1 Cor. 11:23-30; 2 Cor. 9:10; 2 Thess. 3:8, 12; Heb. 9:2; Rev. 2:17.

69. BREAST

PRIMARY MEANING:  Nourishment; the heart, affection.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 22:9; Song 1:13; 7:7-8; Jn. 1:18; 13:23; 21:20.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The breast is another word for the chest of the human body.  One Hebrew word for “breast” is “chazeh” (Strong’s #2373) and means “the breast (as most seen in front).”  Its root is “chazah” (Strong’s #2372) which means “to gaze at; mentally, to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have a vision of.”  Another word is “shad” (Strong’s #7699) which means “the breast of a woman or animal (as bulging).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “breast, pap, teat.”  Beating one’s breast was a sign of intense sorrow.  John, the disciple whom Jesus loved, leaned on the Master’s breast, denoting great love and intimate relationship.  In the wave offering, it was the breast (the heart) of the animal that was offered up.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ, our Restorer and Nourisher (Ruth 4:15), came from “the bosom (heart)” of the Father (Jn. 1:18).  Our great High Priest was the Ram of consecration, the eternal wave offering given for His sons (Ex. 29:26-27; Heb. 2:13).  Jesus loves His Bride, nourishing and cherishing the Church (Eph. 5:29-32).  Messiah declared through the psalmist, “But Thou art He that took Me out of the womb: thou didst make Me hope when I was upon my mother’s breasts” (Psa. 22:9; Lk. 2:40, 51-52).  At the Last Supper, the disciple whom Jesus loved reclined on His breast (Jn. 13:23-25; 21:7, 20).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Our lives, homes, and churches–where we offer the “wave breast” (our hearts in worship)–need to be “a clean place” (Lev. 10:14-15).  Christians are to be nourished up in the words of faith and of good doctrine (1 Tim. 4:6).  We are blessed as Joseph, who was favored with the blessings of the breasts and womb (Gen. 49:25).  As His cleaving Bride, we say, “A bundle of myrrh is my Wellbeloved unto me; He shall lie all night betwixt my breasts” (Song 1:13).  Our Bridegroom replies, “This thy stature is like to a palm tree, and thy breasts to clusters of grapes” (Song 7:7-8; Isa. 65:8; Eph. 4:13).  Isaiah foresaw the end-time Church sucking the milk of the nations and the breasts of kings (Isa. 60:16).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 45:11; 50:21; Lev. 7:30-34; 8:29; 9:20-21; Num. 6:20; 18:18; 2 Sam. 12:3; Job 3:12; 24:9; Song 4:5; 7:3; 8:1, 8-10; Isa. 1:2; 7:21; 23:4; 28:9; 32:12; 44:14; 66:11; Ezek. 16:7; 23:3; Hos. 9:14; Joel 2:16; Lk. 23:48; Acts 7:20-21; 1 Thess. 2:7; Rev. 12:14; 15:6.

70. BREASTPLATE (OF JUDGMENT)

PRIMARY MEANING:  Faith and love; righteousness and judgment.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 28:15-30; Isa. 59:17; Gal. 5:6; Eph. 6:14; 1 Thess. 5:8.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The breastplate was body armor worn by soldiers (anything from thick leather clothing to metal mail).  Specifically, the “breastplate of judgment” was part of the high priest’s special dress, attached to the front of the ephod.  “Breastplate” is from the Hebrew “choshen” (Strong’s #2833) which means “to contain or sparkle; perhaps a pocket (as holding the Urim and Thummim), or rich (as containing gems), used only of the gorget of the high priest.”  The Greek word is “thorax” (Strong’s #2382) and means “the chest (‘thorax’), by implication, a corslet.”  The word for “judgment” in Exodus 28:15, 29-30 is “mishpat” (Strong’s #4941) which means “a verdict pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree.”  Its root “shaphat” means “to judge, govern, litigate.”

The “breastplate of judgment” was foursquare, the length and breadth of a span (9 inches), encased in a border of gold.  It was made of the same material as the ephod:  gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen.  There were 12 stones (in four rows of three each) on the breastplate, each with a name of one of the 12 tribes.  Made of double material, its pocket or pouch was filled with the Urim and Thummim, through which God communicated His mind and will.  The breastplate, ephod, and onyx stones (on Aaron’ shoulders) were joined by a series of golden rings and chains with blue laces.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is our merciful and faithful High Priest who was crowned with glory and honor, like the breastplate’s border of gold (Heb. 2:9, 17).  All the materials of the breastplate speak of Him:  His divine nature (gold), heavenliness (blue), royalty (purple), blood (scarlet), and righteousness (linen).  The double material reveals His righteousness and judgment (Jn. 5:22; 1 Cor. 1:30).  Like the stones on the breastplate, God’s people are strapped to His priestly heart, revealing Jesus’ ceaseless intercession before the Father in our behalf (Rom. 8:34; Heb. 3:1; 7:25-26).  Moses said, “And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial before the Lord continually” (Ex. 28:29-30).  Jesus, our exalted King, has filled Zion with judgment and righteousness (Isa. 33:5; Jer. 9:24).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul admonished, “Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.  Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness” (Isa. 59:17; Eph. 6:13-14).  We are to be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love (1 Thess. 5:8)–our faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints are to develop simultaneously (Gal. 5:6; Eph. 4:15).  These gifts and graces are a cunning work woven by His Spirit (Ex. 39:8; Song 7:1).  Each of the stones (engraved with a name of the tribes) reveals an aspect of the “divine nature” (2 Pet. 1:4), our new nature in Christ.  We have been called to execute judgment and righteousness in the earth (Jer. 22:3), to judge righteous judgment (Matt. 7:1-5; Jn. 7:24; 1 Cor. 6:1-3).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 25:7; 28:4, 32; 29:5; 35:9, 27; Lev. 8:8; Neh. 4:16; Psa. 99:4; Song 1:13; 4:5; 7:3, 7-8; 8:1, 8, 10; Jer. 33:15-16; Rom. 2:5; 2 Cor. 8:7; Eph. 3:17; 6:23; Col. 1:4; 1 Thess. 1:3; 2 Thess. 1:5; 1 Tim. 1:14; 2 Tim. 1:13; Phile. 1:5; Rev. 9:9, 17.

71. BREATH

PRIMARY MEANING:  The impartation of life; the power of the Spirit of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 2:7; 7:15; Job 27:3; 32:8; 33:4; Ezek. 37:9-10; Jn. 6:63.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Breath is air drawn into the body to sustain life.  One Hebrew word for “breath” is “neshamah” (Strong’s #5397) and means “a puff, wind, angry or vital breath, divine inspiration.”  Another is “ruwach” (Strong’s #7307) and means “wind; by resemblance breath.”  The latter is used to reference the Spirit of the Lord (its Greek counterpart is “pnuema”).  The breath of God signifies His power, in striking contrast to heathen gods, which have neither power nor life.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was the very Breath of God exhaled from the bosom of the Father (Jn. 1:14-18).  In His hand is the soul of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind (Job 12:10).  Jesus is the Creator who made the heavens by the breath of His mouth (Psa. 33:6; Jn. 1:3; Col. 1:16).  Isaiah prophesied that Messiah would conquer wickedness “with the breath of His lips” (Isa. 11:4; Matt. 7:28-29).  Concerning prophetic impartation, the birthing of the Word of God in men’s hearts, Jesus said, “It is the Spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing:  the words that I speak unto you, they are Spirit, and they are life” (Jn. 6:63).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  God has sent forth the Spirit (breath) of His Son into our hearts (Gal. 4:6).  The patriarch Job declared, “The Spirit of God is in my nostrils…the inspiration of the Almighty…hath given me life” (Job 27:3; 32:8; 33:4).  Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord (Psa. 150:6).  As Ezekiel breathed upon the dry bones, Jesus is restoring His Church to stand upon its feet like a great army (Ezek. 37:9-10).  True apostolic ministry is burdened to impart this life of God to the Church (Rom. 1:11; 1 Thess. 2:8).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 6:17; Josh. 10:40; 2 Sam. 22:16; Job 4:9; 12:10; 37:10; Psa. 144:4; Prov. 20:27; Isa. 30:28, 33; 42:5; Jer. 30:14; 51:17; Lam. 4:20; Ezek. 37:1-14; Dan. 10:17; Hab. 2:19; Acts 2:2; 17:25; 1 Cor. 12:1-3.

72. BREECHES

PRIMARY MEANING:  Our righteous covering and standing in Christ.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 28:42; Lev. 16:4, 23, 32; Ezek. 44:15-18; Rom. 5:2; Eph. 6:11-14; Rev. 19:8.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Breeches is the word used in the King James Version for trousers.  The breeches of the priests were made of linen.  “Breeches” is from the Hebrew “miknac” (Strong’s #4370) which means “in the sense of hiding, (only in dual) drawers (from concealing the private parts).”  Its root “kamac” (Strong’s #3647) means ” to store away, (figuratively) in the memory.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the righteous King-Priest in whom we stand (Heb. 7:1-2).  In His incarnation, our Priest put linen breeches upon His flesh (Lev. 6:10; Jn. 1:14; 1 Tim. 3:16).  On the annual Day of Atonement, Aaron “put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments” (Lev. 16:4, 23, 32).  Christians have received the atonement through the spotless, sinless Son of God (Lev. 17:11; Rom. 5:11; Heb. 7:26).  Through Jesus Christ, we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand (Rom. 5:2; 1 Pet. 5:12).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Paul admonished, “Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil…Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth” (Eph. 6:11-14).  The shameful nakedness of our sin has been covered with His righteousness “clean and white, for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints” (Ex. 28:42; Hos. 2:9; Rev. 19:8).  The royal priesthood of the New Testament is typified by the faithful priesthood of Zadok (1 Pet. 2:9; Rev. 1:6).  The Lord declares through His prophet, “They shall come near to minister unto Me…they shall be clothed with linen garments; and no wool shall come upon them…They shall have linen bonnets upon their heads, and shall have linen breeches upon their loins; they shall not gird themselves with any thing that causeth sweat (the curse)” (Gen. 3:19; Ezek. 44:15-18; Lk. 22:44).  We are to stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, in one spirit with one mind (Gal. 5:1; Phil. 1:27).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 39:28; 1 Sam. 2:18; 22:18; 2 Sam. 6:14; 1 Chron. 15:27; Psa. 24:3; 89:28; 122:2; 130:3; 134:1; 135:2; Prov. 12:7; 19:21; 22:29; Ezek. 9:2-3, 11; 10:1-7; Dan. 10:5; 12:6-7; Mk. 3:24-26; Rom. 9:11; 1 Cor. 2:5; 15:1; 16:13; 2 Cor. 1:24; Col. 4:12; Rev. 15:6; 18:12, 16; 19:14.

73. BRICKS

PRIMARY MEANING:  Man-made things, inventions, imaginations.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 11:3; Ex. 1:14; Eccl. 7:29; Isa. 65:3; 2 Cor. 10:3-6.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Brick was a common building material in the ancient world, usually rectangular in shape and composed of clay or mud, along with other ingredients such as straw or sand.  “Brick” is from the Hebrew “lebenah” (Strong’s #3843) which means “a brick (from the whiteness of the clay).”  Its root “laban” (Strong’s #3835) means “to be (or become) white; also to make bricks.”  It is akin to “lebownah,” the Hebrew word for white “frankincense.”  Compare the name “Laban.”  Bricks were baked by the sun or fired in a kiln or oven, to produce greater strength and hardness.  Bricks (in contrast to stone) are man-made–the Hebrew word for “invention” is “chishshabown” (Strong’s #2810) and means “a contrivance, actual (a warlike machine) or mental (a machination).”  Its root “chashab” (Strong’s #2803) means “to plait or interpenetrate, to weave or fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a malicious sense); hence (from the mental effort) to think, regard, value, compute.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus said, “I will build My Church” (Matt. 16:18).  The Psalmist agreed that except the Lord build the house, men labor in vain (Psa. 127:1).  He is a jealous God who declares, “I have spread out My hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way which is not good, after their own thoughts; a people that provoketh Me to anger continually to My face; that sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of bricks” (Isa. 65:2-3).  The Lord Jesus searches all hearts, and understands all the imaginations of the thoughts (1 Chron. 28:9).  He will scatter the proud in the imagination of their hearts (Lk. 1:51).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers are admonished to cast down imaginations, and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God (2 Cor. 10:5).  “Babel” means “religious confusion”–those who desired to make a name for themselves used brick for stone (Gen. 11:3-4).   Satan, like Pharaoh of Egypt, is the prince and god of this world (Jn. 12:31; 2 Cor. 4:4).  His taskmasters are hard on those in bondage to his bidding, laying heavy burdens upon them (Ex. 5:6-9; Matt. 23:1-4).  Men are in bondage to their own wisdom and strength in their self-made daily task (Ex. 5:19).  Solomon noted, “Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions” (Eccl. 7:29).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 6:5; 8:21; Ex. 5:14-19; Deut. 29:19; 31:21; 1 Chron. 29:18; 2 Chron. 26:15; Psa. 99:8; 106:29, 39; Prov. 6:18; 8:12; Isa. 9:10; Jer. 3:17; 7::24; 9:14; 11:8; 13:10; 16:12; 18:12; Ezek. 4:1; Rom. 1:21.

74. BRIDEGROOM, BRIDE

PRIMARY MEANING:  Jesus Christ and His Bride, the Church.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 2:21-25; Psa. 45; Jer. 33:11; Eph. 5:22-33; 1 Pet. 3:1-7; Rev. 19:7-9.

BASIC INFORMATION:   The bridegroom or bride is a man or woman who has recently been married or is about to be married.  “Bridegroom” is from the Hebrew “chathan” (Strong’s #2860) which means “a relative by marriage (especially through the bride)” and derived from a root which means “to contract affinity by marriage.”  “Bride,” from the Hebrew “kallah” (Strong’s #3618), means “a bride (as if perfect); hence, a son’s wife,” and is derived from a root which means “to complete.”  The Greek word for “bridegroom” is “numphios,” taken from “numphe,” the word for “bride” (Strong’s #3565) which means “to veil as a bride; a young married woman (as veiled), including a betrothed girl; by implication a son’s wife.”

It was customary for fathers to select wives for their sons.  On her wedding day, the bride bathed and put on white robes, often richly embroidered.  She put her bridal girdle around her waist, covered her face with a veil, and adorned her head with a garland.  The bridegroom, attended by his friends, set out from his house to the house of his bride’s parents.  He took his bride back to his own (or his parents’) house accompanied by singing, the playing of musical instruments, and dancing.  The wedding festivities continued for one or two weeks.  In the Old Testament, marriage describes God’s spiritual relationship with His people.  In the New Testament, the analogy is continued:  Christ is the Bridegroom and the Church is His bride.  The friend of the bridegroom was the “best man” in the wedding ceremony of the ancient world, the one who assisted in planning and arranging the marriage.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ declared Himself to be the Bridegroom (Matt. 9:15), the Husband of the Church, just as Jehovah was married to Israel in the Old Testament (Jer. 3:14).  The apostle explained, “For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.  This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church” (Eph. 5:31-32).  Jesus is the Sun of righteousness, like a Bridegroom coming out of His chamber who rejoices as a strong man to run the race (Psa. 19:5; Mal. 4:2; Heb. 12:1-2).  Isaiah declared, “As the Bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee” (Isa. 62:5).  “The voice of the Bridegroom” is the “spirit of prophecy” (Jer. 33:11; Rev. 19:10).  Blessed are those called to the marriage supper of the Lamb (Rev. 19:7-9).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Church is the Bride, the Lamb’s wife (Rev. 21:9), the heavenly Jerusalem, the holy City prepared as a bride adorned for her Husband (see Matt. 5:14-16; Heb. 11:10; 12:22-24; Rev. 21:2).  Paul declared, “I have espoused you to one Husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ” (2 Cor. 11:2).  Isaiah prophesied, “He hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a Bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels” (Isa. 61:10).  We have become dead to the law by the body of Christ and married to Him who is raised from the dead (Rom. 7:3-4).  “The voice of the Bride” (Jer. 33:11) is the “joyful sound” of praise (Psa. 89:15).  The invitation is being sent from the Spirit and the bride, to come and take the water of life freely (Rev. 22:17).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 34:4-8; 38:6; Ex. 2:21; Judg. 14:12; Psa. 45; Isa. 49:18; 54:6; Jer. 3:1-20; 7:34; 16:9; 25:10; Joel 2:16, 32; Matt. 9:15; 22:1-14; 25:1-10; Mk. 2:19-20; Lk. 5:34-35; Jn. 2:1-11; 3:29; Heb. 13:4; Rev. 18:23.

75. BRIDLE (BIT)

PRIMARY MEANING:  The taming restraint of the Holy Spirit for the tongue; the law.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 32:9; 39:1; Acts 8:32-33; Rom. 8:11, 14; Gal. 3:17-24; Jas. 1:26; 3:2-3.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The bridle refers to the headgear of a harness; the bit is the metal mouthpiece by which the bridle works to control an animal.  “Bridle” is from the Hebrew “metheg” (Strong’s #4964) which means “to curb; a bit.”  Its root “recen” (Strong’s #7448) means “to curb; a halter (as restraining); by implication, the jaw.”  The Greek word for “bridle” is “chalinos” (Strong’s #5469) which means “a curb or head-stall (as curbing the spirit); a bit-leader.”  It is taken from “chalao” (to lower, as into a void) and “chasma” (to gape or yawn, a chasm or vacancy, impassable interval). The verb “bridleth” means “to lead by a bridle, to hold in check, restrain.”  The primitive bridle was simply a loop on the haltercord passed round the lower jaw of the horse.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus was Heaven’s sinless, overcoming Warhorse who mocks at fear (Job 39:22).   Fully led and guided by the Spirit, He was the complete fulfillment of the law (Matt. 5:17-20; Rom. 13:8; Gal. 5:14).  In writing the Book of Acts, Luke told of His passion, “He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and like a lamb dumb before His shearer, so opened He not His mouth” (Acts 8:32-33; Rev. 3:21).  The Pattern Son learned obedience by the things which He suffered, and being made perfect, He became the Author of eternal salvation to all them that obey Him (Heb. 5:8-9).  Jesus described His disciplined life, “And He that sent Me is with Me:  the Father hath not left Me alone; for I do always those things that please Him” (Jn. 8:29).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The apostle James taught that a man must bridle his tongue, else his religion is vain (Jas. 1:26).  He added, “For in many things we offend all.  If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body,” like “bits in the horses’ mouths, that they may obey” (Jas. 3:2-3).  We are not to be as the horse or mule whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle (Psa. 32:9).  God will use the restraint of the Holy Spirit–”a whip for the horse, a bridle for the ass, and a rod for the fool’s back” (Prov. 26:3)–to turn men around (2 Kg. 19:28; Rom. 8:14; Gal. 5:18).  The law kept us “shut up” until Christ came (Gal. 3:17-24).  Let us say with the Psalmist, “I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I will keep my mouth with a bridle, while the wicked is before me” (Psa. 39:1).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Job 30:11; 41:13; Job 12;15; Psa. 40:11; 84:11; Prov. 3:27; 11:24-26; Eccl. 11:6; Isa. 30:28; 37:29; Dan. 4:16, 25; Matt. 17:15; Mk. 5:4, 15; Lk. 9:39; Acts 2:1-4; 10:44-46; 19:6, 16; Gal. 3:24-25; 5:18-24; Jas. 3:7-8; Rev. 14:20.

76. BRIERS

PRIMARY MEANING:  The curse; the cares of the world.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 3:17-19; 22:13-14; Isa. 5:6; 10:17; Matt. 13:7, 22; 27:29; Heb. 8:6.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Briers, or thistle thorns, are general terms for any spiny plant characteristic of arid and desert regions.  “Briers” is from the Hebrew “shamiyr” (Strong’s #8068) which means “pricking; a thorn.”  Its root “shamar” (Strong’s #8104) means “to hedge about (as with thorns), guard; generally, to protect, attend to.”  Other Hebrew words translated as “brier” in the King James Version are “carpad” (a nettle, as stinging like a burn), “carab” (to sting; a thistle), and “cillown” (a prickle).  The latter’s root is “calah” (Strong’s #5541) which means “to hang up, weigh, or (figuratively) contemn.”  The Greek word for “brier (thistle)” is “tribolos” (Strong’s #5146) which means “a crow-foot (three-pronged obstruction in war), (by analogy) a thorny plant (caltrop).”  It is a compound of “tries” (three) and “belos” (a missile, spear or arrow that is thrown with violence and intensity).  Some of these desert plants were brambles, briers, thorny bushes, small trees, weeds, and prickly herbs.  They grew abundantly in Palestine and other Bible lands, especially along roadsides, in fields, and in dry places.  Many of them were used as fuel for ovens.  Thorny shrubs were also used as hedges to guard fields and vineyards.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ reversed the curse–”Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us” (Gal. 3:13).  His flesh was torn at the cross (Judg. 8:7), where wicked men placed a crown of thorns on Him, mocking Him (Matt. 27:29).  Isaiah predicted the day He died for our sins, “And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame: and it shall burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day” (Isa. 10:17; Jn. 8:12).  Jesus took the curse of sin, sickness, poverty, and death, and burned them together (Isa. 27:4).  The substitutionary Ram caught in the thicket of humanity’s need (Gen. 22:13-14) removed all enmity, hatred, warfare, and violence by his own violent death (Eph. 2:14-17; Heb. 10:9).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Jesus taught, “He also that received seed among the thorns is he that heareth the Word; and the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, choke the Word, and he becometh unfruitful” (Matt. 13:7, 22).  But our lives have been changed because of God’s love and forgiveness–instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree (Isa. 55:13).  We have been delivered from the curse of pricking briers and grieving thorns (Ezek. 28:24).  That which bears thorns and briers is rejected and cursed, whose end is to be burned (Heb. 6:8).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 3:18; Judg. 8:16; Psa. 58;9; Prov. 15:19; 22:5; Eccl. 7:6; Isa. 5:6; 7:23-25; 9:18; 32:13; 33:12; Ezek. 2:6; Mic. 7:4; Matt. 7:16; 13:7; 27:29; Mk. 4:19; 12:1; Lk. 8:14; Lk. 21:34; 2 Cor. 11:8; 1 Pet. 5:7.

77. BRIMSTONE

PRIMARY MEANING:  Intensified, divine fire; God’s judgments.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 11:4-6; Isa. 30:33; Jer. 23:29; Heb. 12:29; Rev. 21:7-8.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Brimstone (sulphur) is a bright yellow mineral usually found near active volcanos.  “Brimstone” is from the Hebrew “gophriyth” (Strong’s #1614) which means “cypressresin; by analogy, sulphur (as equally inflammable).”  Its root is “gopher” (Strong’s #1613) which means “to house in; a kind of tree or wood (as used for building), apparently the cypress.”  The Greek word for “brimstone” is “theion” (Strong’s #2303) which means “flashing; sulphur.”  It is derived from “theios” (godlike, divinity, Godhead) and “theos” (God).  “Theion” originally denoted “fire from heaven,” and places touched by lightning were called “theia,” as lightning leaves a sulphurous smell.  Large deposits of brimstone are found in the Dead Sea region.  Highly combustible, it burns with a very disagreeable odor.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Burning Stone from Heaven, righteousness personified, the One to whom all judgment has been committed (Gen. 18:25; Psa. 50:6; Jn. 5:22).  Jesus, the Word, was God, and our God is a consuming fire (see Deut. 4:24; Jer. 23:29; Jn. 1:1; Heb. 12:29).  His breath is like a stream of brimstone (Isa. 30:33).  Daniel described the Lord’s face “as the appearance of lightning, and His eyes as lamps of fire” (Dan. 10:6).  John agreed that “the Son of God” had eyes like “a flame of fire” (Rev. 1:14; 2:18; 19:12).  The sight of the glory of the Lord is like devouring fire (Ex. 24:17).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The Psalmist cried out, “The Lord is in His holy temple…His eyes behold, His eyelids try, the children of men.  The Lord trieth the righteous:  but the wicked and him that loveth violence His soul hateth.  Upon the wicked He shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest:  this shall be the portion of their cup” (Psa. 11:4-6).  The light of the wicked shall be put out, and brimstone shall be scattered upon his habitation (Job 18:5-15).  John the revelator declared, “He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be My son.  But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death” (Rev. 21:7-8).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 19:24; Num. 16:35; Deut. 9:3; 29:23; Job 18:15; Psa. 50:3; 97:3; Isa. 34:9; 38:22; 44:14; 66:15; Ezek. 38:22; Dan. 7:9; Matt. 17:2; Lk. 9:29; 17:29; Acts 17:29; Rom. 1:20; 2 Thess. 1:8; Heb. 10:27; Rev. 9:17-18; 14:10; 19:20; 20:10.

78. BROWN

PRIMARY MEANING:  Warmth; earth.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 30:32-33, 35, 40; 1 Kg. 1:2; 2 Kg. 4:34; Eccl. 4:11.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Brown is a dark, blackish color applied only to sheep.  “Brown” is from the Hebrew “chuwm” (Strong’s #2345) which means “to be warm, (by implication) sunburnt or swarthy (blackish).”  The Greek word for “warmth” is “therme” (Strong’s #2329), and is translated as “heat” in the King James Version.  The New International Version renders this word as “dark-colored,” and The Living Bible gives it as “the black sheep.”  Brown is also the color of earth.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the Good Shepherd who came from Heaven to earth to give life to all men through the blood of the New Covenant (Jn. 10:11).  Solomon asked,

“How can one be warm alone?” (Eccl. 4:11).  Thus we rest in Him who will never leave us or forsake us (Matt. 28:20; Heb. 13:5).  Jesus came to deliver sinners, black sheep, from loneliness and despair (Gen. 2:18; Psa. 102:7).  He has warmed our garments and quieted our hearts by the comfort of His Spirit (Job 37:17; Jn. 14:26; 15:26).  Jesus is the Good Shepherd, the Great Shepherd, and the Chief Shepherd (Jn. 10:11; Heb. 13:20; 1 Pet. 5:4).

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER:  King Jesus is seeking out a Virgin Church to stand before Him and warm His heart (1 Kg. 1:2).

Jesus the Prophet is stretching out His glory upon us, mouth to mouth, eye to eye, and hand to hand–giving life and warmeth to our words, our vision, and our works (2 Kg. 4:34).  We have been “warmed and filled” by the gospel of His grace (Jas. 2:16).  Sought out and delivered by the Lord, we are His people, and the sheep of His pasture (Psa. 100:3; Ezek. 34:11-12).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Job 6:17; Hag. 1:6; Job 31:20; 39:14; Psa. 19:4-6; 74:1; 78:52; 79:13; 95:7; 144:13; Song 4:2; 6:6; Isa. 18:4; 44:15-16; 47:14; 53:6-7; Mk. 14:54, 67; Lk. 12:55; 15:3-7; Jn. 10:1-16, 27; 18:18, 25; 1 Pet. 2:25.

79. BUCKLER

PRIMARY MEANING:  The shield of faith; protection.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Psa. 18:2; 84:11; 91:4; Prov. 2:7; Eph. 6:16.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The buckler or shield with which a warrior protected his body was made of leather, wood, or metal.  One Hebrew word for “buckler” is “magen” (Strong’s #4043) which means a shield (the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile.”  Its root “ganan” (Strong’s #1598) means to hedge about (generally) protect,” and is translated in the King James Version as “defend.”  Another word for “buckler” is “tsinnah” (Strong’s #6793) and means “a hook (as pointed); also a (large) shield (as if guarding by prickliness).”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is our Buckler, our defense and protection–we are safe and sound in Him (Lk. 15:27).  Jesus, the Word of God, is a Buckler to all them that trust in Him (2 Sam. 22:31).  As our Forerunner, He has gone ahead to prepare the way and mark out the path (Heb. 6:19-20); He knows everything about life, yet without sin (Heb. 4:14-16).  The Lord is a Shield and Buckler to those who walk uprightly (Gen. 15:1; Psa. 18:2).  David testified, “The Lord is…my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower” (Psa. 18:2).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Believers are to put on and wear the whole armor of God (Rom. 13:11-14).  Paul admonished, “Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked (one)” (Eph. 6:16).  As we rest under Jehovah’s protecting wing, His truth shall be our shield and buckler (Psa. 91:4; Jn. 14:6).  The Psalmist declared, “For the Lord God is a sun and shield: the Lord will give grace and glory: no good thing will He withhold from them that walk uprightly” (Psa. 84:11).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 15:1; 1 Chron. 5:18; 12:8; 2 Chron. 23:9; Job 15:26; Psa. 3:3; 7:10; 18:30, 35; 28:7; 35:2; 115:9-11; 119:114; 144:2; Prov. 18:10; Song 4:4; Jer. 46:3; Ezek. 23:24; 26:8; 38:4; 39:9; 1 Pet. 5:8-9; 1 Jn. 5:4-5.

80. BULLOCK

PRIMARY MEANING:  Sacrifice; spiritual leadership.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 29:1; Lev. 16:6; Jer. 31:18; Matt. 11:28-30; Heb. 9:13-14; 10:4.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The Bible uses many specific terms to refer to cattle:  kine, the plural of cow, and beeves, the plural of beef.  A male was a bull, a female was a cow, and their offspring was a calf.  Until she bore a calf, a young female was known as a heifer; the young male was a bullock.  “Bullock” is from the Hebrew “par” (Strong’s #6499) which means “a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof).”  The Greek word for “bull” is “tauros” and means “a bullock, ox.”  Of particular note was the priestly offering of the bullock in the dedication and service of Aaron and his sons.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ is the divine Bullock offered through the eternal Spirit to consecrate the New Testament priesthood (Heb. 9:13-14; 1 Pet. 2:9).  He is the young Bullock for a sin offering by whom we have now received the atonement (Lev. 16:3; Rom. 5:11).  Believers have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once-and-for-all, for it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats can take away sins (Heb. 10:4, 10).  Jesus, “the firstling” of the bullocks, is the Firstborn among many brethren (Deut. 33:17; Rom. 8:29).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Besides the principle of sacrifice, the bullock characterizes strength, humility, patience, and reproduction (Prov. 14:4; Matt. 11:28-30; Jn. 15:16).  These traits are necessary for those who are called to minister unto the Lord in the priest’s office (Ex. 29:1; Ezek. 43:19; Rev. 1:6).  True sons are accustomed to the yoke (Jer. 31:18; Heb. 12:5-11).  The Lord is expecting a great number of priests to sanctify themselves, to offer the sacrifices of righteousness (2 Chron. 30:24; Psa. 51:19).  The New Testament oblation is to praise the name of God with a song, and to magnify Him with thanksgiving (Psa. 69:30-31; Heb. 13:15).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 32:15; Ex. 19:1-6; Lev. 1:5; 16:11; 1 Chron. 29:21; 2 Chron. 35:7; Ezra 6:9, 17; 7:17; Job 21:10; 42:8; Ps. 22:12; 50:3, 9; 66:15; 68:30; Isa. 1:11; 61:6; 65:25; Jer. 50:11; 52:20; Ezek. 39:18; Hos. 12:11; Matt. 22:14; Rom. 12:1-2; 1 Pet. 2:9-10; Rev. 5:10; 20:6.

81. BRUISE

PRIMARY MEANING:  Cleansing; chastening, discipline.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 3:15; Lev. 22:24; Prov. 20:30; Isa. 53:5, 10; Lk. 4:18; Heb. 12:5-11.

BASIC INFORMATION:  A bruise is a surface wound.  In Bible times, animals with bruises were unacceptable sacrifices.

“Bruise” is from the Hebrew “chabbuwrah” (Strong’s #2250) which means “bound (with stripes), a weal (or black-and-blue mark itself).”  It is translated in the King James Version as “blueness, bruise, hurt, stripe, wound.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ on the cross was wounded for our transgression and bruised for our iniquities (Isa. 53:5).  By predestination and foreordination, it pleased the Lord (the Father) to bruise Him (Isa. 53:10; Rev. 13:8).  The first promise of Messiah’s coming was that

He would bruise the serpent’s head (Gen. 3:15).  Man’s bruise was incurable and his wound grievous until the great Physician and Good Samaritan came (Jer. 30:12; Lk. 5:31; 10:33-34).  Jesus is the gentle Shepherd (Isa. 40:11; Matt. 12:20) who proclaimed a spiritual Jubilee (Lev. 25), “The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He hath

anointed Me to…set at liberty (forgive) them that are bruised” (Lk. 4:18).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Every son must be disciplined and trained (Heb. 12:5-11).  Solomon explained, “The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly” (Prov. 20:30).  Bread corn is bruised (Isa. 28:28)–those called to shepherd-feed the nations must be threshed, sifted, and broken (Amos 9:9; Matt. 3:12; Rev. 2:26-28).  The apostle assured us as sons, “The God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly” (Rom. 16:20; Heb. 10:12-13).  The psalmist declared, “Blessed is the man whom Thou chastenest, O Lord, and teachest him out of Thy law” (Psa. 94:12).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Ex. 21:25; 2 Kg. 18:21; Job 17-18; 34:31; Psa. 38:5; 118:18; 119:75; Prov. 19:25; 20:27; 22:15; Isa. 1:6; 42:3; Jer. 31:18; Ezek. 23:3, 8; Dan. 2:40; Nah. 3:19; 1 Cor. 11;32; Heb. 2:14-18; 1 Jn. 3:8; Rev. 3:19.

82. BURIAL

PRIMARY MEANING:  Burial of the old life; water baptism.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Jn. 19:40-42; Rom. 6:1-14; 1 Cor. 15:3-4; Col. 2:11-12.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Burial is the interment of the dead.  “Burial,” from the Hebrew “qebuwrah” (Strong’s #6900), means “a sepulchre,” and is translated in the King James Version as “burial, burying place, grave, sepulchre.”  Its root “qabar” means “to inter.”  Due to Palestine’s hot climate, burial took place within 24 hours.  The body was washed and wrapped in cloth.  The wealthy used linen with spices placed between the folds.  The body was then placed on a bier and taken to the burial place, either a shallow grave covered with stones or a cave or tomb hewn out of stone.  For a body not to be buried was considered a great shame and a sign of God’s judgment.  The Hebrews did not follow the Greek custom of cremation or use coffins or embalm their dead.  The Egyptians perfected the intricate process of mummification, which included embalming.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  John wrote, “Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury” (Jn. 19:40-42).  The woman with the alabaster box poured ointment on His body for His burial (Matt. 26:12).  Jesus’ body did not remain all night upon the tree (Deut. 21:23; Gal. 3:13-14).  Paul announced the Gospel in a nutshell, that “Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures; and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures” (1 Cor. 15:3-4).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Those who are baptized into Jesus Christ are buried with Him by baptism into death, then risen with Him through the faith of the operation of God (Rom. 6:3-4; Col. 2:11-12).  Water baptism in the name of the Lord pictures death, burial, and resurrection.  We have been buried with Him, bone to bone (1 Kg. 13:29-31; Eph. 5:30).  Paul declared, “For as many of you have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ” (Gal. 3:27).  We are a new creation, having buried the old man to put on the new man, created after God in righteousness and true holiness (2 Cor. 5:17; Gal. 6:15; Eph. 4:22-24).

FURTHER STUDY:  See Gen. 23:1-15; 46:4; 50:26; 1 Kg. 14:11; 2 Kg. 9:10, 34-37; Psa. 79:3; Isa. 43:18-19; 65:17-18; Jer. 14:16; Ezek. 39:11-16; Hos. 9:6; Matt. 8:21-22; 27:7; 28:19; Mk. 16:3-4, 15-16; Lk. 9:59-60; Jn. 11:44; 19:40; Acts 2:38; 8:2; 9:37; 22:16; Eph. 4:5; Phil. 3:10; 1 Pet. 3:21.

83. BURNING BUSH

PRIMARY MEANING:  The voice of God’s Spirit; a root out of a dry ground.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Ex. 3:1-6; Deut. 33:16; Jer. 20:9; 23:29; Acts 7:30-33.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The burning bush (possibly a thorn bush) was the flaming shrub at Mount Horeb through which Moses became aware of the presence of God.  The Hebrew word for “bush” in Exodus 3:2-4 is “cenah” (Strong’s #5572) and means “to prick; a bramble.”  The Greek word for “bush” is “batos” (Strong’s #942) and means “a brier shrub.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was the Bush from Heaven, enflamed with the passion and zeal of His Father’s house, yet not consumed (Deut. 4:24; Psa. 69:9; Jn. 2:17), whose words are spirit and life (Jn. 6:63).  The voice of the Lord called to Moses out of the “midst” of the bush (Ex. 3:4; Acts 7:31)–Jesus was the Word made flesh (Jn. 1:14) who totally identified with man’s sin (the curse of the thorns).  Messiah, the Root out of a dry ground (Isa. 53:1-2), made everything “holy ground” (Ex. 3:5; Josh. 5:15; Acts 7:33).  Just as Moses wondered (marvelled) at the sight (supernatural spectacle) of the burning bush (Acts 7:31), so our Lord is to be admired in His appearing (Ex. 3:2; Tit. 2:13; 1 Pet. 1:7).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  The glory of God’s Word is a devouring fire (Ex. 24:17; Jer. 23:29; Heb. 12:29) that has consumed the flesh but not the spirit (Judg. 6:21; Rom. 8:9).  Fruitful Christians are marked by “temperance”–they have a temper, but it is under subjection to the Spirit by the Word (Gal. 5:23; 2 Pet. 1:6).  Solomon advised, “He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city” (Prov. 16:32; 1 Cor. 14:32).  From Him that dwelt in the bush comes the blessings of God upon all His separated ones who are energized by the strength and zeal of His Spirit (see Deut. 33:16; Isa. 43:2; 63:15; Dan. 3:27).

FURTHER STUDY:  Gen. 15:13; Lev. 9:24; Num. 11:1; Deut. 4:20; 2 Sam. 21:2; 1 Kg. 18:38; 2 Kg. 10:16; 19:31; 2 Chron. 7:1; Psa. 50:3; 66:12; Isa. 9:7; 37:32; 59:17; 66:12-15; Jer. 6:29; Ezek. 5:13; Mk. 12:26; Lk. 6:44; 20:37; Jn. 3:6; Rom. 8:1-11; 10:2; 2 Cor. 7:11; 9:2; Phil. 3:6; Col. 4:13.

84. BURNT OFFERING

PRIMARY MEANING:  Full surrender and delight to do the will of God; total consecration.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Gen. 8:20; Lev. 1:1-14; 6:22; Psa. 40:5-8; Mk. 12:33; Heb. 9-10; Rom. 12:1-2.

BASIC INFORMATION:  The burnt offering, also called the ascending offering or the approach offering, was the highest order of the Levitical offerings–the entire offering was to be burnt upon the altar.  This continual offering was made every morning and evening.  “Burnt offering” is from the Hebrew “‘olah’ (Strong’s #5930) which means “a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke).  Its root “‘alah” (Strong’s #5927) means “to ascend” and is translated in the King James Version as “arise, climb (up), dawn, exalt, excel, fall, mount up, recover, restore, spring (up), stir up.”  The name “Elyon” (highest, uppermost) is from the same root–”El-Elyon” is “the most high God.”  The burnt offering was on three levels:  a bull, a sheep or goat, or a bird.  The animal was slain, divided into sections, then completely consumed on the altar.  The central significance of the “whole burnt offering” was the total surrender of the heart and life of the offerer to God.  The Brazen Altar was called the Altar of Burnt Offering.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Jesus Christ was the consummate Burnt Offering, totally dedicated to do the will of the Father, even unto death (Jn. 8:29; 17:4; Phil. 2:5-11).  The only Son offered by the Father prayed in Gethsemane, “Not My will, but Thine be done” (Gen. 22:1-8; Lk. 22:42).  Jesus paid the full price and stopped the plague of sin (2 Sam. 24:22-25), for Lebanon was not sufficient to burn, nor the

beasts sufficient for a burnt offering (Isa. 40:16).  Mark declared that Jesus, the Son of man, “came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many” (Mk. 10:45).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Christians are to present their bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God (Rom. 12:1-2).  The Body of Christ is to be an altar of whole stones, offering up “spiritual sacrifices” (Deut. 27:6; Josh. 8:31; 1 Pet. 2:5).  Every godly father needs to follow the example of Job, who continually rose up early in the morning to offer burnt offerings for all his children (Job 1:5).  The psalmist declared, “I will go into Thy house with burnt offerings: I will pay Thee my vows” (Psa. 66:13).  The prophet told us to “render the calves of our lips” (Hos. 14:2).  The people that the Lord brings to Zion are joyful in His house of prayer, for their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted (Isa. 56:7).

FURTHER STUDY:  Ex. 29:38-42; 35:16; 38:1; Lev. 7:8; Num. 28:19-29; Deut. 12:11; 2 Sam. 6:17-18; 1 Kg. 3:4; 8:64; 9:25; 1 Chron. 16:1-2; 29:21; 2 Chron. 1:6; 2:4; 29:18, 27-35; 35:12; Ezra 3:1-6; Neh. 10:33; Job 42:8; Psa. 20:3; 50:8; 51:16-19; 69:30-31; Isa. 1:11; 61:8; Jer. 33:18; Hos. 6:6; Matt. 6:10; Lk. 2:49; Jn. 4:34; 5:17, 30; 6:38; 9:4.

85. BUTTER

PRIMARY MEANING:  Discernment that comes from God’s Word.

KEY SCRIPTURES:  Job 29:6; Isa. 7:14-15; 1 Cor. 12:10; Heb. 5:14.

BASIC INFORMATION:  Butter is a food made by churning milk, taken from a camel, cow, goat, or sheep.  It was poured into an animal skin, then suspended between two poles and pushed back and forth until the butter was ready.  “Butter” is from the Hebrew “chem’ah” (Strong’s #2529) which means “curdled milk or cheese.”  Its root “chowmah” (Strong’s #2346) means “to join; a wall of protection.”  Compare “machama’ah” (Strong’s #4260) which means “something buttery (unctuous and pleasant).”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST:  Isaiah prophesied of Jesus, “A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call His name Immanuel.  Butter and honey shall He eat, that He may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good” (Isa. 7:14-15).  He was the Butter of heaven brought forth in a lordly dish (Judg. 5:25).  The Hebrew word for “churning” means “pressure.”  Gethsemane means “olive-press.”  Jesus churned in the garden until He brought forth blood (Prov. 30:33; Lk. 22:44).  The Son of God, the Word from the mouth of the Father, was “smoother than butter” (Psa. 55:21).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN:  Both milk (nourishment) and honey (sweetness) are symbols for the Word of God (2 Tim. 3:16).  Together, they characterized the land of promise (Ex. 3:8, 17; Deut. 27:3; Eph. 1:3).  The Christian has washed his steps with the butter of the Word (Job 29:6; Psa. 37:23).

He is to hate that which is evil and cling to that which is good (Rom. 12:9).  Paul explained, “Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil” (see Ezek. 44:23; Mal. 3:18; 1 Cor. 12:10; Heb. 5:14).  Pressures that come through trials and testings produce the discernment of God in our lives.  We are admonished to prove all things and hold fast that which is good (1 Thess. 5:21).

FURTHER STUDY:  Gen. 3:5; 18:8; 27:23; Deut. 32:14; 2 Sam. 14:17; 17:29; 1 Kg. 3:9-11; Job 20:17; Psa. 22:9; Prov. 24:13; Eccl. 8:5; Isa. 7:22; Ezek. 44:23; Mal. 3:18; Lk. 2:40, 51-52; 1 Cor. 2:9-16; 11:29; 12:30; Phil. 1:9-10.

1. AARON

PRIMARY MEANING: The ministry of the High Priest.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 4, 28-29; Mic. 6:4; Heb. 5-7.

BASIC INFORMATION: Aaron, the older brother of Moses (from the tribe of Levi), was first high priest of the Hebrew nation. “Aaron” is from the Hebrew “‘Aharown” (Strong’s #175), which is of uncertain derivation. Some have translated “Aaron” to mean “illumined, enlightener, mountaineer (very lofty), high.” In the exodus from Egyptian bondage, Aaron was chosen by God as Moses’ official spokesman. Aaron’s sons were Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. At his death, Aaron’s garments of glory and beauty were transferred to his oldest living son, Eleazar. As high priest, Aaron alone went into the Holy of Holies once a year (the Day of Atonement) with the blood of bulls and goats to represent the priesthood and the people.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the great High Priest of the New Testament after the order of Melchisedec, in Whom is blended the offices of prophet, priest, and king (Gen. 14:18-20; Heb. 5:1-8:6). The Book of Hebrews contrasts the temporary, imperfect priesthood of Aaron (of Levi) with the eternal, immutable, perfect priesthood of Jesus Christ (of Judah) (Heb. 7:12). The Lamb of God offered up His own blood once-and-for-all (Jn. 1:29; Heb. 9:25-28). Jesus, our merciful and faithful High Priest, ascended and sat down on the right hand of the Majesty in the heavens (Heb. 2:17; 4:14; 8:1-6). His more excellent priestly ministry from the mercy-seat in the Most Holy Place is without prejudice, ministering to the needs of all men. Unlike Aaron who failed, Jesus the High Priest is “holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens” (Heb. 7:26).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Aaron’s priesthood typifies the New Testament “royal priesthood” of Jesus Christ (1 Pet. 2:5, 9-10). In Christ, every believer has been given kingly authority mingled with priestly mercy and compassion (Rev. 1:6; 5:10; 20:6). Jesus Christ has entered into that which is within the rent veil for us as a Forerunner after the order (manner, similitude) of Melchisedec (Heb. 6:20). The king-priest anointing of our heavenly Aaron is flowing down upon His Body, the Church (Psa. 133:2; Heb. 10:21). Aaron’s garments, which were for glory and beauty, prefigure the new nature and character of Jesus Christ which adorns His glorious Church (see Ex. 28:1-4; Lk. 24:49; Rom. 13:11-14; Eph. 4:24; 5:25-27; 6:10-18).

FURTHER STUDY: See Ex. 7:12; Num. 3:1-4; Deut. 10:6; 1 Chron. 6:3; 24:1; Psa. 77:20; 99:6; 105:26; 106:16; 115:10, 12; 118:3; 133:2; Lk. 1:5; Acts 7:40; Rom. 12:1-8; 2 Cor. 3:6; Heb. 3:1; 4:14-16; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:5, 11-14, 24; 9:7, 11; 13:11; 1 Pet. 4:10-11.

2. ABEL

PRIMARY MEANING: The obedient, righteous offerer.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 4:1-9; Matt. 23:35; Heb. 11:4; 12:24.

BASIC INFORMATION: Abel was the second son born to Adam and Eve. “Abel,” from the Hebrew “Hebel” (Strong’s #1893), means “emptiness or vanity,” has also been translated as “breath, vapor; transitoriness” (so called because of the shortness of his life). His brother Cain, a farmer, brought an offering of his produce to the Lord. Abel, a shepherd, brought an offering of the firstlings (the best quality) of his flock. The Lord respected Abel and his offering. Cain, full of envy, killed his brother and was cursed by God to be a fugitive and vagabond.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, like righteous Abel, brought an offering of blood (Matt. 23:35). The Good Shepherd was slain out of envy (Matt. 27:18; Jn. 10:11; 15:25). Jesus Christ, like Abel’s offering, was an excellent Firstling (Eph. 5:2; 1 Pet. 1:19). The Lamb of God was accepted by the Father who bore witness that He was righteous (Lk. 23:47; Heb. 10:12; 11:4). His is “better” blood. Abel’s blood cried from the dust for vengeance. The blood of Jesus cries from the heavens for mercy and forgiveness (Heb. 12:24). Like Abel, the first righteous martyr, the life of the Son of God was cut short at Calvary at the hands of evil men, His justice denied (Isa. 53:8; Dan. 9:24-27; Acts 8:32-33).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: There is a divine order in man’s approach to God (1 Cor. 14:40)–the way of sacrifice, exampled by blood and worship (see Jn. 4:23-24; 2 Tim. 3:5; Heb. 9:22; 1 Pet. 2:5). This was anticipated in the Old Testament Mosaic pattern (Ex. 25:40) by the Brazen Altar (the blood) and the Golden Altar (the incense, a symbol of worship). The way of the righteous is “by faith” (Heb. 11;1-6). Abel believed God’s Word and acted upon it. We are to honor the Lord with our substance, and with the firstfruits of all our increase (Prov. 3:9).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 4:25; Ex. 13:12; Num. 18:12, 17; Lev. 17:11; Mal. 3:8-12; Psa. 19:14; 20:3; 78:70-72; Lk. 11:51; Jn. 14:6; Acts 4:12; Rom. 5:9; 2 Cor. 9:6-7; Eph. 1:7; Col. 1:14; Heb. 9:22; 13:15; 1 Jn. 3:11-12.

3. ABIATHAR

PRIMARY MEANING: Priestly compromise, lesser priesthood.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Sam. 22:20-22; 2 Sam. 15:29; 1 Kg. 2:27.

BASIC INFORMATION: Abiathar, son of Ahimelech and descendant of Eli, was one of two chief priests in the court of David. “Abiathar,” from the Hebrew “‘Ebyathar” (Strong’s #54), is taken from “‘ab” (father) and “yathar” (to jut over or exceed; to excel). “Abiathar” has also been translated as “father of abundance, the great one is father.” Abiathar was the only one to escape Saul’s brutal massacre of the priests of Nob (who helped David). When David eventually became king, he appointed Abiathar, along with Zadok, as priests in the royal court. After David’s death, during the struggle over kingly succession, Abiathar supported Adonijah. When Solomon emerged as the new ruler, Zadok was appointed priest. Abiathar escaped execution because of his earlier devotion to David, but he and his family were banished to Anathoth.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Abiathar, descendant of Eli, represents a lesser priesthood. As the law of sin and death was replaced by a higher law (the life of Christ), so Jesus Christ, like righteous Zadok, prevailed in the Kingdom (Heb. 7:1-2). Paul explained, “For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law…after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest, who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life” (Rom. 8:1-2; Heb. 7:12-16; 8:1-6). Like Abiathar who could not remain in Jerusalem, the law was our temporary schoolmaster to bring us to Christ (Gal. 3:16-25).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We cannot have two priesthoods, two principles–law and grace–working in our lives (Gal. 5:17). In the end, Abiathar supported the hidden rebellion of Adonijah rather than the wisdom of Solomon (1 Kg. 2:12-27). He was a descendant of Eli, the fleshly priest in Shiloh who would not restrain his sons. Abiathar’s dismissal by Solomon fulfilled the Word of the Lord (1 Sam. 2:31-35). We must remain faithful to the end, to the saving of the soul (Heb. 10:38-39). Those who handle holy things–the ephod, the Ark–cannot compromise. Like Abiathar’s name, there are many ministries who have tasted greatness and blessing, only to be disapproved in the end, and sent to their “own fields” (1 Kg. 2:26; Gal. 6:7). It is not enough to arrive in Zion–we must abide there (Psa. 15; 24). Our fruit must remain (Jn. 15:1-16).

FURTHER STUDY: See 1 Sam. 23:6, 9; 30:7; 2 Sam. 8:17; 15:24, 27-29; 15:35-36; 17:15; 19:11; 20:25; 1 Kg. 1:7, 19, 25, 42; 2:22, 26-27, 35; 4:4; 1 Chron. 15:11; 18:16; Matt. 24:13; Mk. 2:26; Rom. 2:7; 1 Cor. 1:8; Heb. 3:6, 14.

4. ABIGAIL

PRIMARY MEANING: The virtuous woman, the Church.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Sam. 25; 1 Chron. 3:1; Prov. 31:10-31.

BASIC INFORMATION: Abigail, the wife of foolish Nabal, later became the bride of King David. “Abigail” is from the Hebrew “‘Abiygayil” (Strong’s #26) and means “father (or source) of joy,” taken from “‘ab” (father) and “giyl” (a revolution; to spin around under the influence of any violent emotion). “Abigail” has also been translated as “source of exultation, cause of delight.” She was a woman of good understanding with a beautiful countenance (1 Sam. 25:3). Her husband, Nabal, was an ill-tempered, drunken man who refused to feed David and his mighty men. David threatened to plunder Nabal’s possessions and kill Nabal himself, but wise Abigail interceded. After Nabal’s death, David married Abigail, who bore his son Chileab.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, the greater Son of David (Matt. 1:1; Lk. 1:30-33), is the Captain of our salvation, the leader of His mighty brethren (Rom. 8:29; Heb. 2:10-13). He is the Husband of the Church, having rescued us from bondage to sin and satan. The apostle wrote, “For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the Head of the Church: and He is the Saviour of the body (Eph. 5:22-33). Jesus has sent for His Bride for the purpose of union and communion (1 Sam. 25:39). He has covered our nakedness, the shame of sin, and has entered into blood covenant with us–we are His (Ezek. 16:8)!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Before we were joined to Jesus Christ, we were married to “Nabal,” which means “a fool.” We were slaves of satan, bound by the law of sin and death (Rom. 6:1-14; Eph. 2:1-3). “Nabal” has also been translated as “empty, vain, stupid, abandoned, wicked, ungodly, an empty skin, a leather water bottle, carcass, corpse”–a vivid description of life without the Lord. The devil is “Belial,” the worthless one (1 Sam. 25:25). Our old lifestyle under his evil hand was “churlish” (cruel, rough, harsh)–the way of transgressors is hard (1 Sam. 25:3; Prov. 13:15). But Jesus, the heavenly David, came that we might have life, and have it more abundantly (Jn. 10:10). His yoke is easy and His burden is light (Matt. 11:30). Now that we have a new Husband, the joy of the Lord is our strength (Neh. 8:10). Fall at His feet and acclaim Him King (1 Sam. 25:24, 30)!

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 2:24; 1 Sam. 27:3; 30:5; 2 Sam. 2:2; 3:3; Psa. 45:10-17; Prov. 15:24; 31:10-31; Jer. 3:14; Hos. 2:19-20; Jn. 3:29; Rom. 7:1-6; 1 Cor. 11:3-10; 2 Cor. 11:1-3; Col. 1:9-13, 18; 1 Pet. 2:9-10; 3:1-7; Rev. 19:16.

5. ABISHAG

PRIMARY MEANING: Human plans to revive the old order.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Kg. 1:1-4, 15; 2:17-22; Psa. 127:1.

BASIC INFORMATION: Abishag was a young woman from Shunem employed by David’s physicians to care for him in his old age. “Abishag,” from the Hebrew “‘Abiyshag” (Strong’s #49), means “father of error (blundering),” and is taken from “‘ab” (father) and “shagah” (to stray, mistake, reel from intoxication). “Abishag” has also been translated as “father of ignorance, cause of wandering.” The strategy of David’s doctors was that Abishag’s youth could revive the dying king, but their plan failed. After David’s death, his son Adonijah asked permission to marry Abishag. Solomon perceived this act as an attempt to seize the throne, and had Adonijah killed. Some believe this fair damsel to be the lovely Shulamite mentioned in the Song of Solomon.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, our heavenly David, can get “no heat” (1 Kg. 1:1; Matt. 1:1). He wants the undivided attention of His Church, apart from the traditions of men (Mk. 7:13). Like the beautiful Abishag, the fairest ambitions of men may be sought out and offered in honest devotion to the Lord, but David “knew her not” (1 Kg. 1:4). There was no intimacy, no reproduction of life. The Lord will profess to many in the day of judgment, “I never knew you: depart from Me, ye that work iniquity” (Matt. 7:23).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The wisdom of man is foolishness with God (1 Cor. 1:18-29). There are times and seasons in our lives (Eccl. 3:1-8). When God is finished with something, no number of young, fresh Abishags (churches, movements, ministries, programs, ideas, methods) can revive it (Jn. 19:30). Don’t err or stray from the truth. Let it go. It is like Ishmael, man’s attempt to produce the promise of God (Gen. 16:1-4). The deadness of the letter cannot minister the spirit of His resurrection life (Rom. 8:11; 2 Cor. 3:1-6; Phil. 3:9-11). David did not “know” Abishag. One may do many admirable things for the Lord, but it is imperative that each knows Him as King and Lord (Matt. 7:21-23). Only Jesus can build His Church (Psa. 127:1; Matt. 16:18). Man’s ways will always fail (Prov. 14:12).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 11:4-6; Psa. 5:5; 6:8; 99:8; 106:29, 39; Prov. 8:12; Eccl. 7:29; Song 6:13; Jer. 2:12-13; Matt. 25:12; Lk. 13:27; Jn. 10:14, 27-30; Gal. 1:6-10; 4:21-31; 5:1-8; 2 Tim. 3:1-7; 2 Tim. 2:19-22; 1 Jn. 4:1-3.

6. ABRAHAM

PRIMARY MEANING: The man of faith who is given the promise.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 12-22; Rom. 4; Gal. 3-4; Heb. 11:8-19.

BASIC INFORMATION: Abraham, originally Abram, was the first great patriarch of the Book of Genesis, the pattern and model of faith. “Abram” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘Abram” (Strong’s #87) which means “high father.” Taken from “‘ab” (father) and “ruwm” (to be high, rise or raise), “Abram” has also been translated as “exalted father.” “Abraham” is transliterated from “‘Abraham” (Strong’s #85) and means “father of a multitude.” Taken from “‘ab” (father) and an unused root meaning “to be populous,” “Abraham” has also been translated as “father (source, founder) of a multitude.” This change of name (or nature) for Abraham (Abram) and Sarah (Sarai) came when God by His Spirit breathed His name (the “h” sound of “Jah”) into them (Gen. 17:5, 15).

Abraham had journeyed from Ur of the Chaldees to Haran. While there, at the age of 75, the father of faith received God’s call to a strange, unknown land. The Lord promised Abraham that He would make him and his descendants a great nation (seemingly impossible because his wife Sarah was childless). But Abraham obeyed, taking his wife and his nephew, Lot. The Lord then affirmed His promise to Abraham as a covenant. Sarah gave Abraham her handmaiden, Hagar, who bore him Ishmael. The renewed covenant of Genesis 17 required Abraham and the male members of his household to be circumcised. The name of the promised son would be Isaac. The ultimate test of Abraham’s faith was the command to offer up his only son Isaac. The father of the Hebrews died at the age of 175 and was buried alongside Sarah in the cave of Machpelah, near Hebron.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the “Son of Abraham” and the “Seed of Abraham” (Matt. 1:1; Gal. 3:16). All covenants consummate in Him who has been appointed Heir of all things (Heb. 1:1-2). Jesus confirmed or secured the promises made unto the fathers–Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Acts 3:13; Rom. 15:8). Abraham was promised the “land.” He looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God (Heb. 11;10). The New Testament “land” is the earth (see Psa. 2:8; Psa. 24:1; Rom. 4:13; Matt. 5:5). The “city” for which Abraham sought is the “city” which Jesus builds–the New Testament Church, the Bride, the Lamb’s wife (see Matt. 5:13-16; 16:18; Gal. 4:26; Heb. 12:22-24; Rev. 21:9-10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Those who belong to Jesus Christ are “Abraham’s Seed” (Matt. 1:1; Gal. 3:27-29; 1 Jn. 4:17). Other New Testament terms conveying the same truth declare that Christians are spiritual Jews (Rom. 2:28-29), “the children of the promise” (Rom. 9:6-8), the “chosen (people) generation” and “holy nation” (Matt. 21:42-43; 1 Pet. 2:9-10), the true “circumcision” (Phil. 3:3), the “new (heavenly) Jerusalem” (Jn. 4:19-24; Heb. 12:22-24), and the real “Israel of God” (Gal. 6:16). There is one covenantal people of the ages who have pleased God by faith (Heb. 11). The Church is living in the extremities of that one covenantal promise (see Jn. 4:38; Rom. 15:4; 1 Cor. 10:1-11; Heb. 11:39-40; 12:1-2). Abraham is the father, and his life the pattern of all those who live and walk by faith (Gal. 3:6-9, 14, 16, 18, 29; Heb. 11:1-6). As with Abraham, every Christian who meets “Jehovah-jireh” (Gen. 22:14; Phil. 4:19) must separate from:

1. Country (Gen. 12:1) – Boundary lines or limits on God.

2. Kindred (Gen. 12:1) – Family ties.

3. Egypt (Gen. 13:1) – The world (1 Jn. 2:15-17).

4. Lot (Gen. 13:11) – Carnal Christians.

5. A desire to get wealth (Gen. 14:21-24) – Matt. 6:33.

6. Ishmael (Gen. 21:9-14) – Man’s wisdom and strength.

7. Isaac (Gen. 22:1-14) – The gift or the Giver?

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 11:26-31; Ex. 3:6; 1 Chron. 1:27-28; Psa. 47:9; 105:6, 9, 42; Isa. 41:8; 51:2; Mic. 7:20; Matt. 1-2, 17; 3:9; 8:11; 22:32; Mk. 12:26; Lk. 1:55, 73; 3:34; 13:16, 28; 16:23-30; 19:9; Jn. 8:39-58; Acts 3:13, 25; 7:2, 8, 16-17, 32; 13:26; Rom. 9:7; 11:1; 2 Cor. 11:22; Gal. 4:21-31; Heb. 2:16; 6:13; 7:1-9; Jas. 2:21-23; 1 Pet. 3:6.

7. ABSALOM

PRIMARY MEANING: Rebellion, the spirit of antichrist.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Sam. 15:22-23; 2 Sam. 3:3; 15:1-18:18; 1 Chron. 3:2.

BASIC INFORMATION: Absalom was the arrogant, insolent son of David who tried to take the kingship from his father by force. “Absalom” is from the Hebrew “‘Abiyshalowm” (Strong’s #53) and means “father of peace (friendly).” It is taken from “‘ab” (father) and “shalowm” (safe well, happy; welfare, health, prosperity, peace). Absalom was David’s third son by Maacah, the daughter of the king of Geshur. A charming prince with the people and a favorite of his father, he was especially proud of his beautiful long hair. Exiled for the murder of his brother Amnon (to avenge their sister Tamar), Absalom eventually returned to Jerusalem and secretly plotted to dethrone his father. David learned of these rebellious acts and fled to Mahanaim. Absalom was formally anointed king, then crossed the Jordan River to meet David’s army. Defeated, Absalom tried to flee, but his head (not his hair) caught in the thick boughs of a tree where he was killed by General Joab and his men.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Son and Seed of David (Matt. 1:1; Lk. 1:30-33). The path of David’s flight from Absalom, passing through the eastern Kidron Valley as he went up weeping “by the ascent of mount Olivet” (2 Sam. 15:23, 30), is the same as King Jesus’ departure from Jerusalem to pray in Gethsemane on the night of His arrest (Matt. 26:30). The Kidron Valley (which means “dusky, ashy; to mourn”) ran past the Temple, Calvary, the Garden of Gethsemane, and the Mount of Olives, tracing the steps of King Jesus, the Son of God.

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER: Many acknowledge Jesus as Savior without bending their knee to Him as Lord (Lk. 2:9-11; Acts 2:36). Absalom lived in the king’s city but never saw the king’s face (Matt. 7:21-23). His spirit of rebellion and stubbornness is the spirit of antichrist–witchcraft, iniquity, and idolatry (1 Sam. 15:22-23). Various Hebrew words translated as “rebellion” in the King James Version carry the ideas of “bitterness; revolt (to break away from just authority); rush upon; resist, provoke; trespass; apostasy, crime.” Absalom stole (deceived by false impressions) the hearts of the men of Israel (2 Sam. 15:6). These attitudes can even work among Spirit-filled people, for “fifty” (the number of Pentecost) men ran before Absalom (2 Sam. 15:1). This insubordinate boy-king reminisces the scheming, politicking nature of Jacob the supplanter (Gen. 32:27-28). “Antichrist” means “instead of Christ (the anointing)”–the humanistic alternative (1 Jn. 2:18-23; 4:3; 2 Jn. 1:7). Absalom’s problem was his head (human wisdom)–it eventually meant his death (2 Sam. 18:9-15).

FURTHER STUDY: See Num. 14:9; Deut. 31:27; Josh. 22:16-22; 2 Sam. 18:17-18; 2 Chron. 11:20-21; 13:6; 36:13; Neh. 9:17; Job 24:13; Psa. 39, 41, 55; Prov. 6:16-19; 17:11; Ezek. 2:3; Dan. 9:5; 2 Cor. 10:3-6; 2 Thess. 2:3-4; 1 Jn. 2:18; 4:1-3.

8. ACACIA (SHITTIM) WOOD

PRIMARY MEANING: The humanity of Christ, Head and Body.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 25:5, 10, 23; Jn. 1:14; 1 Tim. 3:16.

BASIC INFORMATION: Acacia (shittim) was a large thorny tree with rough, gnarled bark. “Acacia” is from the Hebrew “shittah” (Strong’s #7848) and means “the acacia (from its scourging thorns).” It is taken from “shotet” (to pierce; to flog; a goad), a denominative of “showt,” the Hebrew word for “lash” and translated as “scourge, whip” in the King James Version. The Hebrew word for “wood” in the phrase “shittim wood” (with reference to Moses’ Tabernacle) is “‘atsab” (Strong’s #6087) and means “to carve, fabricate or fashion.” It is taken from “‘ets,” the Hebrew word for “tree, wood, timber, stick, stalk.” Acacia wood is orange-brown and hard-grained, repelling insects and turning darker with age. It bore long locust-like pods with seeds inside and produced round, fragrant clusters of yellow blossoms. Many species of acacia grew in the desert of Sinai, in southern Palestine, and in Egypt. It has a nature that enables its roots to force themselves into the driest of soils. Acacia wood was used to build the ark of the covenant and the Tabernacle of Moses in the wilderness. The acacia is called “shittim wood” and “shittah” in the King James Version. The Septuagint (LXX), the Greek Old Testament, renders “shittim wood” as “incorruptible wood.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Seed of the woman, the Son of man (Gen. 3:15; Jn. 3:14-16). The mystery of godliness is that the Word was made flesh (Jn. 1:14; 1 Tim. 3:16). Jesus, who knew no sin, was made sin for us, bearing the curse of the law, symbolized by the thorns of the acacia (2 Cor. 5:17-21; Gal. 3:13; 4:4-5). He was in all points tempted like as we are, fully qualified to be the one Mediator between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5; Heb. 2:14-18; 4:14-16; 7:25-27). Jesus, the Tree of life, died on a wooden cross, typified by the brazen altar made of acacia wood (Ex. 27:1; Jn. 11:25-26; Rev. 22:2, 14). The life of the Father within Him was a wellspring enabling the Pattern Son to overcome the world (Isa. 53:2; Jn. 16:33). His body did not see corruption in the tomb (Psa. 16:10; Acts 2:31).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The Tabernacle of Moses models the Church, God’s dwelling-place (Ex. 25:8; Rev. 21:3). The many varieties of the acacia with its assorted uses reveal the diversity of the Body of Christ (Rom. 12; 1 Cor. 12). The boards of the Tabernacle prefigure the members of Christ’s Body, built and fitly framed together to form a habitation of God through the Spirit (Ex. 26:15; 1 Cor. 12:27; Eph. 2:19-22; 4:16). We have been cut down in repentance (Acts 2:38), then carved and shaped by the Word of God for the Master’s specific use (Rom. 12:1-2; Gal. 4:19; Heb. 4:12)). Our former existence in a “body of sin” is past. As a new creation, our bodies have become “the temple of God” (Rom. 6:5-8; 1 Cor. 3:16-17). Ultimately, we shall receive an incorruptible body and crown like that of our Lord (1 Cor. 9:25; 15:51-58; Phil. 3:21).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 2:9; 3:22-24; Ex. 25:10, 23; 26:15, 26, 32, 37; 27:1; 30:1; 35:24; 36:20; Num. 25:1; Deut. 10:3; Josh. 2:1; 3:1; Prov. 3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4; Isa. 41:19; Mic. 6:5; 1 Cor. 3:12; 2 Cor. 5:1-5; 2 Tim. 2:20; 1 Pet. 1:4; Rev. 2:7; 9:20; 18:12.

9. ACCURSED THING

PRIMARY MEANING: Things devoted to God.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Josh. 6:17-18; 1 Chron. 2:7; Gal. 1:6-10.

BASIC INFORMATION: The “accursed thing” was anything put under a curse, and thus doomed, such as the city of Jericho. In the New Testament, the apostle Paul pronounced a curse on anyone who preaches a false gospel. However, the primary idea of the “accursed thing” was positive, not negative. The Hebrew word is “cherem” (Strong’s #2764) and means “shutting in a net; a doomed object; extermination.” Taken from the primitive root “charam” (to seclude by a ban, to devote to religious services), this word is also translated as “dedicated thing” or “devoted thing” in the King James Bible. The clear implication is that of something offered for complete consumption. Jericho belonged wholly to the Lord, to be offered up as a burnt offering. In the New Testament, the word “anathema” is transliterated from the Greek and means “accursed, separated.” To act greedily and take what was devoted to destruction brought the curse on the taker as well as others, as in the case of Achan.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ was the supreme Offerer and Offering. As Offerer, He had one passion–to do the complete will of the Father (Matt. 3:17; Jn. 8:29; 17:4). As the consummate Offering, He was completely devoted as mankind’s once-and-for-all sin oblation (see Dan. 9:27; Jn. 1:29; 1 Cor. 5:7-8; 1 Pet. 1:18-19; Heb. 8-10). Jesus was the whole burnt offering–all was God’s (Lev. 1). In His finished work of death and resurrection, our heavenly Joshua conquered every Jericho and broke down every wall (Eph. 2:14-16). The Captain of our salvation (Heb. 2:10) bore the penalty of the curse of the law–sin, sickness, poverty, and death (Deut. 28; Isa. 53; Rom. 6:23).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We have been made stewards of the Gospel and grace of God (1 Cor. 4:1-2; 1 Pet. 4:10).

All is His, especially the tithe (Lev. 27:32; Mal. 3:8-12). When men, like Achan, take for themselves that which belongs to the treasury of the Lord alone, it becomes an “accursed thing” to them (Josh. 6:19, 24; 7:1). The apostle admonished us to present our bodies “a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God,” which is our reasonable service (Rom. 12:1-2; Phil. 2:17; 2 Tim. 4:6-8). The separated life is the ascended life (Prov. 15:24; Col. 3:1-3).

FURTHER STUDY: See Lev. 27:21, 28-29; Num. 18:14; Deut. 7:26; 13:17; Josh. 7:11-15; 22:20; 1 Sam. 15:21; 1 Kg. 20:42; 1 Chron. 2:7; Psa. 29:1-2; Prov. 3:9-10; Ezek. 44:29; Zech. 14:11; Mal. 4:6; Rom. 9:3; 1 Cor. 12:3; 16:22; 2 Cor. 8-9; Gal. 1:8-9.

10. ACHOR

PRIMARY MEANING: The place of trouble; door of hope.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Josh. 7:24-26; Isa. 65:10; Hos. 2:15; Jn. 10:7, 9.

BASIC INFORMATION: Achor was a valley near Jericho where Achan and his family were stoned to death in the days of Joshua. “Achor” is taken from the Hebrew “‘Alowr” (Strong’s #5911) which means “troubled.” Its root “‘akar” (Strong’s #5916) means “to roil water; figuratively, to disturb or afflict.” “Achor” has also been translated as “affliction, sorrow.” The prophets used the phrase “the Valley of Achor” to symbolize the state of contentment and peace of the New Covenant in the days of Messiah.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is mankind’s only “Door of hope” (Hos. 2:15; Jn. 10:7, 9). As Hosea purchased sinful Gomer, Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us (Hos. 3:1-2; Gal. 3:13-14; Eph. 1:6-7). The Son of God loved us, and gave Himself for us, having washed us from our sins in His own blood (Gal. 2:20; Rev. 1:5). He has turned our troubled land into green pastures (Psa. 23:2; Isa. 65;9-10). The saving Shepherd has overcome the “tribulation” (pressure) of this world (Jn. 16:33), and has become the abiding hope of His flock (1 Cor. 13:13; 1 Thess. 5:8; 1 Tim. 1:1).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: All men are born unto trouble (Job 5:7), trapped in the Valley of Achor and bound by the penalty and curse of sin and death (Josh. 7:25; Rom. 3:10, 23; 6:23). Through our heavenly Hosea, we have been bought with a price (1 Cor. 6:19-20). Christians will experience much tribulation, (Acts 14:22; 1 Thess. 3:4), but are promised patience, comfort, and joy (Rom. 12:12; 2 Cor. 1:3-5; 7:4). Jesus Christ is our “Door of hope,” His indwelling Spirit our “hope of glory” (Hos. 2:15; Col. 1:27). We need not fear, though there will be many adversaries (1 Cor. 16:9). Our living hope is that we shall be like Him when He appears (1 Pet. 1:3; 1 Jn. 3:1-3).

FURTHER STUDY: See Josh. 15:7; Prov. 15:6; Lam. 3:21; Ezek. 37:11-14; Zech. 9:12; Acts 14:27; Rom. 5:3; 8:35; 2 Cor. 2:12; Gal. 4:1-7, 19; Eph. 1:18; 4:4; Col. 4:3; 2 Tim. 2:9; Tit. 2:13; Heb. 7:19; Rev. 1:9; 2:10; 3:8; 4:1; 7:14.

11. ADAM

PRIMARY MEANING: The old man, the adamic nature.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 1:26-28; 2:19-23; 5:1-2; Job 31:33; Rom. 5:12-21; 1 Cor. 15:21-22.

BASIC INFORMATION: Adam was the first man, the federal head of the human race. “Adam” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘adam” (Strong’s #120) and means “ruddy, a human being.” Its root means “to show blood (in the face); flush or turn rosy.” Adam was created by God on the sixth day of creation, and placed in the Garden of Eden. He and his wife Eve, created by God from one of Adam’s ribs, became the ancestors of all people now living on the earth. His transgression brought about the fall of the human race.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the “Last Adam,” the federal Head of the new creation, the spiritual race (1 Cor. 15:45). He is the Seed of the woman, the “Son of man” (Gen. 3:15; Mk. 10:45; Jn. 3:14). These terms speak of Jesus’ humanity, that He was made of a woman, made in the likeness of men, and tempted in all points like as we are, yet without sin (Gal. 4:4; Phil. 2:7; Heb. 4:15). Jesus is the Word made flesh (Jn. 1:14). This second Man is the Lord from Heaven, the Beginning of the new creation Man (1 Cor. 15:47; Eph. 4:24; Rev. 3:14).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The adamic nature is called the “old man” (Rom. 6:6; Eph. 4:22; Col. 3:9). The Christ nature is called the “new man” (Eph. 2:15; 4:24; Col. 3:10).

All men have died in Adam and were born in sin (Rom. 5:12-21; Eph. 2:1). There is none righteous, no, not one (Rom. 3:10, 23). As we have borne the image of the earthy, so let us now put on and wear the image of the heavenly (1 Cor. 15:49). Paul declared, “For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive” (1 Cor. 15:21-22).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 2:17; 3:8-9, 17-21; 4:1, 25; Job 31:33; Isa. 9:6; Ezek. 3:15; Lk. 3:38; Jn. 5:21-29; 6:27, 53; 12:23; Acts 7:56; Rom. 5:12-21; 1 Cor. 15:44-49; 1 Tim. 2:5, 13-14; Heb. 2:6-9, 14-18; 10:12; 1 Jn. 4:1-3; Jude 1:14; Rev. 1:13; 14:14.

12. ADAMANT

PRIMARY MEANING: The unyielding mind of Christ.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ezek. 3:9; Zech. 9:12; Phil. 2:5.

BASIC INFORMATION: Adamant is a hard stone of superior strength. “Adamant” is from the Hebrew “shamiyr” (Strong’s #8068) which means “pricking; a thorn; also (from its keenness for scratching) a gem, probably the diamond.” Translated in the King James Version as “adamant (stone), brier, diamond,” its root means “to hedge about (as with thorns), guard; to protect, to attend to.” The exact identity of the adamant is unknown, but it is believed to be corundum, the hardest of all minerals next to the diamond. Pure corundum is colorless and is the source of such gems as rubies and sapphires.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the heavenly Ezekiel, the priest-prophet determined to do the will of the Father, whose forehead is an adamant harder (stronger) than flint (Ezek. 3:9). The Savior’s face was made strong against the impudent and hardhearted faces of men (Ezek. 3:8, 10). His resolve to please the Father was hard and firm, impenetrable. The Lion of the tribe of Judah was fearless to face and swallow up the curse of the law of sin and death (Isa. 25:8; 1 Cor. 15:54-57; Rev. 5:5). His lovely head was wrapped with thorns (Matt. 27:29; Mk. 15:17; Jn. 19:2, 5). Jesus Christ, the light of Israel, was the devouring fire that burned the thorns and briers (the curse) “in one day” (Gen. 3:18; Isa. 10:17; Jn. 1:29)–the day He died on Calvary.

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The apostle admonished, “Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus” (Phil. 2:5). Like the rebellious nation in Ezekiel’s day, worldly people have made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the word of the Lord by His prophets (Zech. 7:12). But to be spiritually minded is life and peace (Rom. 8:6). God’s people have been given a sound mind, the mind of Christ (2 Cor. 2:16; 2 Tim. 1:7)–His Father’s name written in our foreheads (Rev. 7:3; 14:1; 22:4). The three revelation gifts of the Holy Spirit–the word of wisdom, the word of knowledge, and the discerning of spirits–enable Christians to think like God, to know things that natural men cannot know (1 Cor. 12:8-10).

FURTHER STUDY: See Ex. 7:13, 22; 8:19; 9:35; Deut. 4:15, 19; 11:8; 31:6; Judg. 1:28; 1 Sam. 17:49-50; 2 Chron. 16:9; 26:9; Isa. 5:6; 7:23-25; 9:18; 27:4; 32:13; Jer. 17:1; Hag. 2:4; Zech. 8:9, 13; Rom. 8:27; 12:2; 2 Cor. 10:3-6; Phil. 1:27; 2:1-5; 3:16; Heb. 4:12; 1 Pet. 1:13; 3:8; 4:1; 5:2.

13. ADDER (ASP)

PRIMARY MEANING: The devil and his poisonous works.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 3:1; Deut. 32:31-33; Psa. 91:13; 1 Jn. 3:8.

BASIC INFORMATION: A snake is the Bible’s first and final villain. The adder and asp are both common in the Holy Land. The Hebrew language reveals different meanings for the “adder”: a snapping serpent (Gen. 49:17), to twist (Psa. 58:4; 91:13), to extrude the tongue, hiss (Prov. 23:32). In the wilderness, the Israelites were plagued by “fiery” serpents. This may indicate the burning fever caused by their bite, or it may refer to the puff adder, which has yellow, flame-like markings. This creature will not bother anyone or anything until somebody steps on it.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Seed of the woman who bruised the old (ancient) serpent’s head, destroying the works of the devil (Gen. 3:15; Hab. 3:13; 1 Jn. 3:8). The Lamb of God triumphed over satan in His cross and put all enemies under His feet (Jn. 1:29; Eph. 1:20-23; Col. 2:15). The Son of man was made sin for us when He was lifted up as the brass Serpent on the pole (Num. 21:6-9; Jn. 3:14; 2 Cor. 5:21). Jesus is the wise and harmless Son of God, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens (1 Cor. 1:30; Heb. 7:26; Jas. 3:17).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Before our salvation, we were satan’s slaves, bitten by sin–”the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps” (Deut. 32:31-33; Eph. 2:1-3). We looked to the Son of God and lived as our sins were judged in Him (Num. 21:9). Because of Jesus’ victory over satan, we can shake off the beast and feel no harm (Acts 28:5). The greater One now lives within. As did our Lord, we can tread upon the lion and the adder, putting the enemy under our feet (Psa. 91:13; Rom. 16:20). Believers have been supernaturally enabled to “take up,” or “take away, remove” serpents (Mk. 16:18). Those sent forth by the Lord are to be wise as serpents, and harmless as doves, called to shine as lights in the world (Matt. 10:16; Phil. 2:15).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 3:13; Num. 21:6-9; Job 20:14-16; Psa. 140:3; Isa. 11:8; 14:29; 27:1; 53:10-12; 59:5; Jer. 8:17; Matt. 5:13-16; Lk. 21:15; Rom. 16:19; 2 Cor. 11:3, 14; Col. 1:9-13; Heb. 2:14-18; Rev. 12:9; 20:2.

14. ADONIJAH

PRIMARY MEANING: Hidden rebellion.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Sam. 15:22-23; 2 Sam. 3:4; 1 Kg. 1:5-8; 1 Chron. 3:2.

BASIC INFORMATION: Adonijah was the fourth of the six sons born to David (by Haggith) while he was at Hebron. “Adonijah,” from the Hebrew “‘Adoniyah” (Strong’s #138), means “lord (worshiper) of Jah,” and has also been translated as “Jehovah is lord, my lord is Jehovah.” When David was old, Adonijah attempted to seize his throne, proclaiming himself king. Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother, and Nathan the prophet told David of Adonijah’s plot, and David immediately made Solomon his successor. The rebellious Adonijah foolishly attempt to usurp the monarchy after David’s death, asking for David’s beautiful Abishag in marriage–a blatant claim to the throne. This time Solomon ordered that the maverick prince be killed.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, like Solomon, is the rightful King and Lord. Matthew realized that “a greater than Solomon is here” (Matt. 12:42). Jesus’ divine wisdom will prevail over all attempts to defraud His authority (1 Cor. 1:30; Col. 2:2-3; Jas. 3:17). The penalty of rejecting His lordship is death (Rom. 6:23; 8:1-6). Christ is King of kings and Lord of lords (Dan. 2:47; Rev. 19:16). Isaiah prophesied that Jesus would “bring forth judgment unto the Gentiles…He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till He have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for His law” (Isa. 42:1-5).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry (1 Sam. 15:22-23). To know Jesus as Lord is to do what He says (Matt. 7:21-23). As with Adonijah, if the seeds of rebellion and bitterness (unfulfilled vengeance) are not dealt with, they will eventually resurface, spring up, and defile many (1 Kg. 2:25; Heb. 12:15). To rebel against the King is to vex His Holy Spirit (Isa. 63:10; Jas. 4:4). The carnal mind is enmity against God; it is not subject to the law of God, neither can be (Rom. 8:7).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 14:4; Num. 14:9; Deut. 1:26; 21:18-20; 31:27; Josh. 1:18; 22:22; Judg. 2:19; Neh. 9:17; 1 Kg. 1:18, 49-53; 2:15-25; Job 24:13; Psa. 5:10; 78:8; 105:28; 107:11; Prov. 7:11; 17:11; Isa. 1:20; Jer. 29:32; Ezek. 2:3; Dan. 9:5; Acts 8:23; Rom. 3:14; Eph. 4:31; Heb. 12:15.

15. ADOPTION

PRIMARY MEANING – Sonship, maturity, father-son relationship.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Rom. 8:15, 23; 9:4; Gal. 4:1-7; Eph. 1:5; 1 Jn. 3:1-3.

BASIC INFORMATION: Adoption commonly means the act of taking another parent’s child as one’s own. However, in Pauline theological thought, adoption also had to do with one’s own son coming of age. The heir was placed under the oversight of tutors and governors, to be trained in the ways that pleased the father. Upon maturity, the son was given his inheritance and the right to use the father’s name.

“Adoption” is from the Greek “huiothesia” (Strong’s #5206) which means “the placing as a son, adoption (figuratively, Christian sonship in respect to God).” Taken from

“huios” (a mature son) and “tithemi” (to place), it has more to do with the obtaining of our privileged position as sons than our being born as such.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Pattern Son, the Firstborn among many brethren, the One appointed Heir of all things (see Matt. 21:37-38; Lk. 20:13-14; Rom. 8:29; Heb. 1:1-3). When the fullness of time was come, Jesus came forth, made of a woman, made under the law (Gal. 4:3-4). According to Isaiah’s great prophecy (Isa. 9:6-7), “the child” was born at Bethlehem, but “the son” was given thirty years later at the Jordan with the Father’s affirmation, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased” (Matt. 3:17; 12:18; 17:15). The four Gospels portray the ministry of the mature Son, especially what He did and said on the sabbath (Acts 1:1; Heb. 4:1-9). The name of the Father (all that He is, has, and does) was glorified in the Son (Jn. 17)–all the names of God mentioned in the Old Testament (the “El” names and the “Jehovah” names) find their complete fulfillment in the One who was God Almighty in the flesh (see Psa. 138:2; Jn. 1:14; Eph. 1:20-23; 1 Tim. 3:16).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Paul declared that believers have been redeemed to receive the Spirit of adoption (sonship) by the will of God, whereby we cry “Abba, Father” (Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:5-7; Eph. 1:5). We are the Seed of Abraham (Rom. 4:13; Gal. 3:7-16, 29). The primary issue is the maturation of the seed, the one destined as heir; until the time appointed by the Father, he is placed under the training hand of faithful “tutors and “governors” (Gal. 4:1-2)–the five-fold gifts of ministry from Jesus Himself to equip and mature the saints (Eph. 4:8-16). We are now the sons of God, but it does not yet appear what we shall be (1 Jn. 3:1-3)–the full measure of our sonship includes the redemption of our bodies (Rom. 8:23). In the New Covenant, God offered these rights of sonship to the Jew first (Jn. 1:11-13; Rom. 1:16-17; 9:4).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 15:3; 48:5, 14-22; Ex. 2:5-10; 4:22-23; Num. 6:27; Deut. 14:1; 26:18; 28:10; 2 Sam. 7:14; 1 Chron. 22:10; 28:6; 2 Chron. 7:14; Esth. 2:7; Isa. 8:18; 42:21; 43:1-7; Jer. 31:9, 20; Hos. 11:1; Matt. 5:9; 13:43; Acts 7:21; 15:17; Rom. 8; Gal. 3-4; Phil. 2:15; Heb. 2:6-13; 11:7, 24; 12:5-11; 2 Pet. 1:17; 1 Jn. 3-4; Rev. 21:7.

16. ADULLAM

PRIMARY MEANING: The place of refuge for the heir.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Sam. 22:1-2; Mic. 1:15; Rom. 8:14-18; Phil. 3:9-14; Heb. 6:18.

BASIC INFORMATION: Adullam is the name of a city situated southwest of Jerusalem, and the name of a large cave near this city where David took refuge when fleeing from King Saul. “Adullam” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘Adullam” (Strong’s #5725), and has been translated as “justice or equity of the people.” The Hebrew word for “cave” is “me’arah” (Strong’s #4631) and means “a cavern (as dark).” It is taken from the primitive root “‘uwr” which means “to be bare or naked.” The Hebrew word for “refuge” means “shelter; to flee for protection; to confide in,” and is translated as “hope, trust” in the King James Version.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the greater Son of David who was appointed consummate Heir of all things (Matt. 1:1; Lk. 1:30-33; Heb. 1:1-2). He is the designated Captain over all mighty men who gather in Adullam to fellowship His sufferings (1 Sam. 22:2; Heb. 2:10). Jesus constantly resorted to the Father in prayer as His hope and strength (Jn. 8:1; 17:1-26; Heb. 5:7-9). In the solitude of complete surrender to do the will of the One who sent Him, the Son made Himself of no reputation (Jn. 8:29; Phil. 2:5-11). The ascended and glorified Christ has now become our high Tower and strong Consolation to which we flee for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us (2 Sam. 22:3; Heb. 6:18).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Jesus’ brethren have joined Him in the cave (Heb. 2:6-13). Samuel wrote, “And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them” (1 Sam. 22:1-2). Heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ must experience the fellowship of His sufferings (Phil. 3:9-14). Those who hurt and grieve with Him in the dark loneliness of Adullam will share the glory of His throne and Kingdom (see Mic. 1:15; Rom. 8:14-18; 2 Tim. 2:11-12; Rev. 3:21). The cave teaches men to forgive their enemies (1 Sam. 24). As with David, God is our refuge (see Psa. 9:9; 14:6; 46:1; 48:3; 57:1; 59:16; 62:7-8; 71:7; 91:2; 94:22; 104:18; 142:4-5).

FURTHER STUDY: See Num. 35:1-34; Josh. 12:15; 15:35; 20:1-9; 2 Sam. 23:13; 1 Kg. 18:4, 13; 19:9; 1 Chron. 11:15; 2 Chron. 11:7; Neh. 11:30; Prov. 14:26; Isa. 2:19; 4:6; 25:4; Jer. 16:19; Matt. 20:23; Rom. 6:3-5; 2 Cor. 1:5; Gal. 2:20; Col. 1:24; 1 Pet. 4:13-14.

17. AGAG

PRIMARY MEANING: The rule (king) of the flesh.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Num. 24:7; 1 Sam. 15:1-35; 28:18; Gal. 5:17.

BASIC INFORMATION: Agag is the name of the Amelekite king (descendants of Esau) whose army was defeated by King Saul. “Agag” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘Agag” (Strong’s #90) and means “flame; Agag, a title of Amalekitish kings.” “Agag” has also been translated as “violent, high, warlike.” Saul disobeyed the directive of the Lord and spared Agag’s life. Because of his rebellion, Saul was rebuked by the prophet Samuel and rejected by the Lord. Agag was then hewn to pieces by Samuel in Gilgal.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ overcame the world, the flesh, and the devil (Jn. 14:30; 16:33; Col. 2;15). As David later defeated the Amalekites and “recovered all” (1 Sam. 30:18; 2 Sam. 8;12; 1 Chron. 18:11), Jesus was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin (Heb. 4:15). He confirmed the promises made to the fathers (Acts 3:13; Rom. 15:8). Typified as well by the praying prophet Samuel, Jesus completely destroyed the works of the flesh and the devil (Heb. 2:14-18; 1 Jn. 3:8) through the power of travailing prayer (Heb. 5:7-9; Jas. 5:16).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Like the Pattern Son, we are to get the victory over the flesh, that which wars against the law of our minds, bringing us into captivity to the law of sin (Rom. 7:23; Gal. 5:17). We are to overcome by the sword of the Spirit, the living Word of God (Eph. 6:17; Heb. 4:12). Proud, cruel Agag and all that he represents must be utterly destroyed (1 Sam. 15:32-33). We are not to spare Agag to save the best of things for our own boasting and consumption (1 Sam. 15:3, 9, 11; 1 Pet. 2:11-12). The “bleating of the sheep” and the “lowing of the oxen” will reveal our compromises–our sin will find us out (Num. 32:23; Gal. 6:7-8). To blame others is rebellion (1 Sam. 15:21-23).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 6:3; 36:12, 16; Ex. 17:8, 16; Num. 24:20; 1 Sam. 28:18; 1 Chron. 1:36; 4:43; Psa. 17:4; 83:7; Matt. 7:18; 12:30; Mk. 14:38; Rom. 7:5, 18, 25; 8:1-14; 1 Cor. 3:3; 2 Cor. 7:1; Gal. 5:13-21; 6:8; Eph. 2:1-3; Jas. 4:1; Rev. 21:27.

18. AGATE

PRIMARY MEANING: Causing forgetfulness.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 41:51; Ex. 28:19; 39:12; Phil. 3:12-14; Rev. 21:9.

BASIC INFORMATION: Agate is one of many fibrous varieties of quartz. “Agate” is from the Hebrew “shebuw” (Strong’s #7618) which means “subdivision into flashes or streamers; to flame; a gem (from its sparkle), probably the agate.” It is akin to “shabiyb” (Strong’s #7632) which means “flame (as split into tongues),” translated in the King James Version as “spark.” Another Hebrew word translated as “agate” is “kadkod” (Strong’s #3539) and means “striking fire from a metal forged.” The agate was found in ancient times in a river bed in Sicily named Achotes–this name remained: in Greek, “achates;” in English, “agate.” Agate is semi-translucent, a form of chalcedony with bands or patterns (alternating layers) of various colors, mainly white, pale blue, and brown. The agate was the middle stone in the third row of Aaron’s breastplate–on this eighth stone was engraved the name of the tribe of Manasseh. Agate, bloodstone, carnelian, chrysoprase, flint, jasper, and onyx are all varieties of chalcedony. The chalcedony was the third stone in the foundation of the New Jerusalem (agate, RSV).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Each of the stones on Aaron’s breastplate reveals an aspect of the divine nature, our new nature in Christ (2 Pet. 1:4). “Manasseh” means “who makes to forget, causing forgetfulness.” Jesus Christ died on the cross to take away sin (Jn. 1:29; Rev. 1:5). Every Christian can testify of Him, “He hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father’s house” (Gen. 41:51). In Jesus Christ, we have a new life, a new heart, a new tongue, a new mind. His is the blood of the New Testament, shed for many for the remission of sins (Matt. 26:28). Jesus has baptized us with the Holy Ghost, which Luke described as “cloven tongues like as of fire” (see Matt. 3:11; Acts 1:5; 2:1-4; 11:15).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Paul encouraged, “Forgetting those things which are behind,” we “press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus” (Phil. 3:13-14). If any man is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things are passed away, and all things are become new (2 Cor. 5:17). We are the Bride of Christ; our heavenly Husband has caused us to forget our own people and our father’s (Adam’s) house (Psa. 45:10; Eph. 5:31-32). The Christian has been buried with Christ in baptism, rising to walk in newness of life (Rom. 6:4; 7:6). Like precious metal that is being forged, our growth in grace is a progressive transformation, the renewing of our minds, the ongoing removal of the consciousness of evil (Rom. 12:1-2; Heb. 10:22).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 48:1-20; Deut. 4:9, 23, 31; 6:12; 8:11, 14, 19; 9:7; 25:19; Josh. 13:29-31; 17:1-18; Psa. 60:7; 88:12; 103:2; 119:16, 83, 93, 109, 141, 153, 176; Isa. 54:4, 12; Ezek. 27:16; 48:4-5; Mk. 16:17; Jn. 13:34; 1 Cor. 5:7; 11:25; 2 Cor. 3:6; Gal. 6:15; Eph. 2:15; 4:24; Heb. 6:10; 8:8, 13; 9:15; 10:20; 12:24; Jas. 1:24; Rev. 2:17; 3:12; 5:9; 14:3; 21:1-5.

19. AHAB

PRIMARY MEANING: Political Babylon.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Kg. 16:29-33; 21:17-29; Rev. 17:1-7.

BASIC INFORMATION: Ahab, son of Omri, was the seventh king of Israel, reigning in Samaria for 22 years. “Ahab” is from the Hebrew “‘Ach’ab” (Strong’s #256) and means “brother (friend) of his father.” Taken from “‘ach” (brother) and “‘ab” (father), “Ahab” has also been translated as “father’s brother, uncle.” Ahab’s wife was Jezebel, the wicked daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Sidonians. This evil king destroyed Jehovah’s altars, killed His prophets, and built a temple to Baal. His father’s name, “Omri,” means “to heap blows, chastise” (Ahab may have been an abused child). Positively, he was a capable leader and an avid builder, including his “ivory house.” Ahab was the first king of Israel to establish peaceful relations with Judah, the southern kingdom. The prophet Elijah stood in open opposition to King Ahab throughout his administration.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: As Elijah was the constant righteous foe of Ahab and Jezebel, so Jesus Christ stands against all moral and national evil. Like ELijah, the great man of prayer (Jas. 5:16-18), Jesus has become our great High Priest who ever lives to make intercession for His people (Rom. 8:34; Heb. 7:25). At his ascension, Elijah’s mantle fell upon Elisha, his successor (2 Kg. 2)–following Jesus’ ascension, the anointing of His Spirit fell upon the Church (see Lk. 24:49; Acts 2:1-4; 10:38; Gal. 4:6).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: In the person of John the Baptist, an Elijah ministry of repentance and restoration preceded Jesus’ first coming (Mal. 4:5-6; Matt. 17:9-13). Prior to Jesus’ second coming, there will arise a prophetic people in the earth in the spirit and power of Elijah. Jesus prophesied, “Elias truly shall first come, and restore all things” (Matt. 17:11; Acts 3:19-21). This glorious Church must contend with the spirit of Ahab and Jezebel–political and religious Babylon–the woman riding the beast (Rev. 17:1-7). Ultimately, the kingdoms of this world will become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ (Rev. 11:15).

FURTHER STUDY: See 1 Kg. 17:1; 18:1, 17-18; 19:1-3; 20:1; 21:1, 15-29; 22:39-40; 2 Kg. 10:1, 10-17; 21:13; 2 Chron. 18:1; Psa. 2:1-12; 46:6; 75:6-7; 83:4-8; 110:5; Ezek. 11:2; Dan. 2:31-45; Joel 3:9-16; Mic. 6:16; Matt. 28:18; Rom. 13:1; Rev. 11:15; 17:12-14.

20. AI

PRIMARY MEANING: The chaotic ruin of sin and the world.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 12:8; 13:3; Josh. 7:2-3; 8:1-2; 1 Jn. 2:15-17.

BASIC INFORMATION: Ai was a Canaanite city of Palestine east of Bethel. “Ai” is from the Hebrew “‘Ay” (Strong’s #5857) and means “a ruin (as if overturned).” Translated as “heap” in the King James Version, “Ai” can also mean “a heap of rubbish.” Many years before Joshua’s conquest of this city, Abraham pitched his tent at Ai before journeying down to Egypt.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: The names “Joshua” and “Jesus” are synonymous and mean “Jehovah is salvation.” Jesus Christ is the heavenly Joshua, the Savior who conquered sin and overcame the world, the flesh, and the devil–”the king of Ai” (Josh. 12:9; Matt. 1:21; Jn. 19:30). He is the One who is building His Church, who will raise up the Tabernacle of David that is fallen, close up its breaches, and raise up its ruins (Amos 9:11; Matt. 16:18; Acts 15:16). Jesus has redeemed mankind from the destruction and devastation of the curse (Gen. 3:15; Gal. 3:13-14).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Christians are the seed of Abraham, the famous patriarch who left idolatrous Ur of the Chaldees and headed west toward the promised land (Gal. 3:29). Upon his arrival, “Bethel” (house of God) was before him and “Ai” lay behind him (to the east). Prior to our salvation, our ruined lives were steeped in the rubbish of sin (Eph. 2:1-3; 1 Jn. 2:15-17). We have built an altar of worship, forgetting those things which are behind, forever conquered by Christ (Rom. 12:1-2; Phil. 3:12-14). Our sinful lives are buried in the desolate ashes of Ai, covered by God’s mercy and grace (Josh. 8:28; Psa. 32:1-2).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 12:1-3; 2 Chron. 28:23; Psa. 32:1; 45:10; 68:13; 85:2; 89:40; 91:14; 140:7; Prov. 24:22; 26:28; Isa. 10:28; 25:2; Ezek. 27:27; Lk. 6:49; 9:62; 11:22; Jn. 16:33; Rom. 4:7; 6:1-14; Eph. 1:20-23; Col. 2:11-12.

21. ALABASTER

PRIMARY MEANING: The perfume of worship.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 22:5; Matt. 26:6-13; Mk. 14:3-9; Lk. 7:36-50; Jn. 4:23-24.

BASIC INFORMATION: Alabaster is a fine textured variety of massive gypsum (sulfate of lime). “Alabaster” is from the Greek “alabastron” (Strong’s #211) which means “the name of a stone; properly an ‘alabaster’ box, (by extension) a perfume vase (of any material).” The breaking of the alabaster refers to its seal, not the box itself. Alabaster stone is very soft, thus good for carving. The color is usually white, but may be gray, yellow, or red. Many articles were fashioned from this stone, including vases, jars, saucers, bowls, lamps, and statues. The pouring forth of the alabaster’s precious contents pictures true worship. The Hebrew word for “worship” means “to depress, prostrate (in homage); bow down.” The Greek “proskuneo” (Strong’s #4352) means “to kiss, like a dog licking his master’s hand; to crouch to, prostrate oneself in homage (do reverence to, adore).”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: When Jesus was at Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, there came a woman with an alabaster box of precious spikenard. She opened the box and poured it on His head (Mk. 14:3). Jesus Himself explained, “She is come beforehand to anoint My body to the burying…Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached throughout the whole world, this also that she hath done shall be spoken of for a memorial of her” (Matt. 26:6-13; Mk. 14:8-9). Jesus Christ was Heaven’s alabaster Box sealed by the Father (Jn. 6:27). On the cross, He was broken and spilled out. At His resurrection, He broke the seal (Matt. 27:66). In His eternal triumph, the Lion of the tribe of Judah prevailed to break and loose the seals (Rev. 5:5). Worthy is the Lamb who is to be worshipped (Rev. 5:9-14)!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Luke’s similar account reveals the essence of true worship Lk. 7:36-50). Jesus’ ensuing lesson to Simon revealed that those who love Him most are those to whom He forgave most–”to whom little is forgiven, the same loveth little” (Lk. 7:42-43, 47). The essence of true worship is sacrifice (Gen. 22:5; Rom. 12:1-2). Moses said that we are to “worship no other god: for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God” (Ex. 34:14). The Psalmist affirmed, “O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the LORD our maker” (Psa. 95:6). There are three kinds of “worship” in the New Testament that are not acceptable to God:

1. Vain worship (Matt. 15:7-9).

2. Ignorant worship (Acts 17:22-28).

3. Will worship (Col. 2:18-23).

The perfect Worshiper told us that “God is a Spirit: and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit (from His heart) and in truth (according to the Word of God)” (Jn. 4:23-24).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 24:26, 48, 52; Ex. 4:31; 12:27; 24:1; 32:8; 33:10; 34:8; Josh. 5:14; Judg. 7:15; 1 Sam. 1:19, 28; 1 Chron. 29:20; 2 Chron. 7:3; 20:18; 29:28-30; Neh. 9:3-6; Psa. 22:27; 29:2; 96:9; 99:5, 9; Song 1:12; 4:13-14; Isa. 66:23; Zech. 14:16-17; Matt. 2:2; 4:10; 28:9, 17; Mk. 5:6; Lk. 24:52; Jn. 12:3; 1 Cor. 14:25; Heb. 1:6; 11:21; Rev. 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 11:1, 16; 14:7; 15:4; 19:4, 10; 22:8-9.

22. ALGUM (ALMUG)

PRIMARY MEANING: God’s workmanship; pillars.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Kg. 10:11-12; 2 Chron. 2:8-9; 9:10-11; Eph. 2:10; Rev. 3:12.

BASIC INFORMATION: The algum or almug is a large leguminous tree native to India and Ceylon. “Algum” is from the Hebrew “‘alguwmmiym” (Strong’s #418) which means “sticks of algum wood.” “Almug” is from the Hebrew “‘almuggiym” (Strong’s #484) which means “almug (probably sandle-wood) sticks.” Both words are plural. The algum tree is now known as the Grecian juniper, which reaches a height of 65 feet and is pyramidal in shape. Considered to be the red sandlewood, its blossoms were pea-like, and its very heavy wood was hard and fine grained, dark (black) outside, and ruby red within. It was highly scented, making it resistant to insects. Solomon ordered the algum wood from Ophir and Lebanon. This wood–marked by strength, beauty, and long life–was well suited for making musical instruments, cabinet work, and pillars for the Temple.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Tree of Life, the Temple for God the Father, the Stone set for a pillar (Gen. 2:9; 3:22-24; 28:22). Solomon described our Bridegroom, “His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: His countenance is as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars” (Song 5:15). The Church, the House that He builds, is wonderfully great (2 Chron. 2:8-9; Matt. 16:18). “And the king made of the algum trees terraces to the house of the LORD, and to the king’s palace” (2 Chron. 9:11). The word for “terraces” is “mecillah” (Strong’s #4546) and means “a thoroughfare (as turnpiked), viaduct, staircase.” It is translated in the King James Version as “causeway, course, highway, path, terrace.” Its root “cahal” means “to mound up; to exalt.” Jesus Christ is the Way, the Standard for the people, the preeminent One (Isa. 62:10; Jn. 14:6). Paul exclaimed, “Wherefore God hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name which is above every name” (Phil. 2:9).

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER: The apostle John declared that overcomers were like pillars in the temple of God upon whom was written His new name (Rev. 3:12). Our King has made of the almug trees pillars for the house of the Lord (1 Kg. 10:12)–His Church is the pillar and ground of the truth (1 Tim. 3:15). We are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God foreordained (Eph. 2:10). We have been created for His pleasure, to praise Him with psalteries and harps (1 Kg. 10:12; Rev. 4:11). In the Song of Songs, “King Solomon made himself a chariot of the wood of Lebanon…the midst thereof being paved with love” (2 Chron. 2:8; Song 2:4; 3:9-10).

FURTHER STUDY: See Ex. 31:3-5; 35:30-35; 1 Kg. 7:16; 2 Kg. 16:10; 1 Chron. 28:21; 2 Chron. 3:15-17; Prov. 3:18; 9:1; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4; 16:17; Isa. 11:16; 35:8-10; 40:3; 49:11; Jer. 31:21; Ezek. 28:13; Joel 2:8; Gal. 2:9; Eph. 1:20-23; Heb. 2:9; Rev. 2:7; 10:1.

23. ALMOND

PRIMARY MEANING: Firstfruits, fruitfulness, resurrection life.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 25:33; Num. 17:8; Heb. 7:11-16; 9:4; Jn. 11:25; 1 Cor. 15:20.

BASIC INFORMATION: The almond was a large tree native to Asia and North Africa resembling the peach tree in both size (12-14 feet) and fruit. The flowers are pink and arranged mostly in pairs. The covering of the fruit is downy and succulent, enclosing the hard shell which contains the kernel for which the tree is chiefly valued. The nuts were used for making oil used in the home and as medicine. “Almond” is from the Hebrew “shaqed” (Strong’s #8247) which means “the almond (tree or nut; as being the earliest in bloom).” Its root “shaqad” (Strong’s #8245) means “to be alert; sleepless; hence to be on the lookout.” Also translated as “awakening,” the almond was known as the “hastener,” an allusion to this blossom which is first to bloom in the spring. The almond’s pinkish-white blossoms always appear before its leaves. Aaron’s rod that budded was an almond twig. The decorations on the golden lampstand in the Mosaic Tabernacle were modeled after the almond blossom (each set of the knop or bud, flower, and bowl showed the three stages of the almond’s growth).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Firstfruits of them that slept, the Resurrection and the life (Jn. 11:25; 1 Cor. 15:20). The firstborn Son among many brethren, the elect Servant of Jehovah, was destined to inherit all things (Isa. 42:1-5; Rom. 8:29; Heb. 1:1-2). Aaron’s chosen priesthood prefigured the New Testament “royal priesthood” of Jesus Christ after the order of Melchisedec (see Num. 17:5-10; Psa. 110:1-4; Heb. 6:20; 9:4; 1 Pet. 2:9). This eternal, immutable priesthood is governed and energized by “the power of an endless life”–the resurrection life of the Son of God (Heb. 7:16). This divine life was revealed in the Golden Candlestick (lampstand) of Moses’ Tabernacle. The picture there is two-fold: Jesus is the “Light of the world” (Jn. 8:12), and He is the true or genuine “Vine”–the Tree of life (Jn. 15:1-5; Rev. 22:2). The nine sets of ornaments (nine almond plants) on each side of the golden Lampstand display the light (nature) and life (ministry) of Jesus Christ as the nine fruit and nine gifts of the Spirit (1 Cor. 12:8-10; Gal. 5:22-23). The seven lamps further indicate the “seven spirits of God” (enumerated in Isa. 11:1-2), the full anointing that rested upon Jesus Christ “without measure” (see Jn. 3:34; Rev. 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Jesus is the “true Vine” and we are the “branches” (Jn. 15:1-5). The Church is the Candlestick, “the light of the world” (Matt. 5:13-16; Rev. 1:20). As the bowls of the Lampstand were filled with oil, so we have been filled with the Holy Spirit (see Acts 1:5; Gal. 4:6; Eph. 5:17-18; Col. 1:27). The light (nature) and life (ministry) of Jesus flows through His people, respectively manifested as the fruit and gifts of the Spirit (1 Cor. 12:8-10; Gal. 5:22-23). The many-membered Body of Christ, the glorious Church, is the corporate “Man whose name is the branch” (see Isa. 4:2; 11:1; Jer. 23:5; 33:15; Zech. 3:8; 6:12-13). The same anointing that rested upon the Vine shall flow through His branches to the ends of the earth (Psa. 133; Rev. 5:6).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 43:11; Ex. 25:31-40; Num. 17:1-13; Job 14:9; Psa. 27:1; 36:9; 80:15; 119:105, 130; 132:17; Prov. 4:18; 11:28; Eccl. 12:5; Isa. 27:6; Jer. 1:11-12; Eph. 5:8, 14; Phil. 2:15; Jas. 1:18; Heb. 5-7; 1 Jn. 1:5-7; Rev. 2:26-28; 12:1-5; 14:1-5.

24. ALOES

PRIMARY MEANING: The cross, the crucified life.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Psa. 45:8; Prov. 7:17; Song 4:14; Rom. 6:6; Gal. 2:20.

BASIC INFORMATION: Aloes are two plants, one a tree and the other a flower. “Aloes” is from the Hebrew “‘ahaliym” (Strong’s #174) which means “aloe wood (sticks).” The aloes came from a large tree known as “eaglewood,” which sometimes grew to a height of 120 feet and 12 feet in girth. The wood of the aloe tree is fragrant and highly valued for perfume and incense. The Greek word is a transliteration of “aloe” (Strong’s #250) and means “aloes (the gum).” The soft, bitter wood of this aromatic tree was used by Orientals for the purposes of fumigation and embalming. The aloes brought by Nicodemus to wrap the body of Jesus were probably the true aloes of the lily family, a beautiful plant with thick, fleshy leaves and red flowers.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the Perfume of Heaven, the true Vine which the Father has planted in the earth (Num. 24:6; Jn. 15:1-5). All the garments of the heavenly Bridegroom “smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces” (Psa. 45:8). Ivory is a symbol of the pain the Savior endured, and each of these sweet spices reveal the One who has given Himself for us as an offering and sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling savor (Eph. 5:2). John noted, “And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices” (Jn. 19:39-40).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The believer has been crucified with Christ (Rom. 6:6; Gal. 2:20). We are to live our lives by the faith of the Son of God, who loved us and gave Himself for us. This reality of the crucified life cannot be imitated by cheap religion (Prov. 7:17). “Aloes” is one of the nine fragrances in the garden of the Bride of Christ (Song. 4:14), pointing to the “fruit of the Spirit,” the nature of Jesus (Gal. 5:22-24). The Body of Christ has been wrapped in righteousness and anointed with the desire to be crucified with Him (Jn. 19:40; Rev. 19:8).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 43:11; Ex. 25:6; 30:23, 34; 1 Kg. 10:2, 10, 25; 1 Chron. 9:29-30; 2 Chron. 16:14; 32:27; Song 4:10, 16; 5:13; 6:2; 8:14; Mk. 16:1; Lk. 23:56; 24:1; 1 Cor. 1:13. 23; 2:2, 8; 2 Cor. 13:4; Gal. 3:1; 6:14; Phil. 3:9-11.

25. ALTAR

PRIMARY MEANING: The place of sacrifice, the cross.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 8:20; 12:7-8; Ex. 27:1-8; Rom. 12:1-2; Heb. 13:10.

BASIC INFORMATION: The altar was a table, platform, or elevated place on which a priest offered sacrifices to God. “Altar” is from the Hebrew “mizbeach” (Strong’s #4196); its root “zabach” means “to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice).” The Greek word for “altar” is “thusiasterion” (Strong’s #2379) and means “a place of sacrifice.” The first altar was built by Noah after the Flood. The next several altars mentioned were reared up by the patriarches Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. During the days of Moses’ Tabernacle, two priestly altars assumed important roles: the altar of burnt offering and the altar of incense. Later, David erected an altar on a threshing floor of natural stone which became the building site for Solomon’s glorious Temple.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is our “Altar” (Heb. 13:10). The altars of both Testaments were clothed in purple (Num. 4:13; Mk. 15:17; Jn. 19:2)! Paul declared that Christ our passover has been sacrificed for us (1 Cor. 5:7). Jesus is the consummate fulfillment of all Old Testament offerings (Jn. 19:30; Heb. 9:26; 10:5-12). His blood is “better blood” than that of bulls and goats which covered sin annually–the blood of Jesus removed the sin of the world (Jn. 1:29; Heb. 12:24). The Brazen Altar of Moses’ Tabernacle finds its complete fulfillment in His cross (Ex. 27:1-8). Its length and breadth of five cubits point to the five wounds of Jesus at Calvary (hands, feet, side). Its height of three cubits reveals the Godhead in redemption: the Father gave the sacrifice, the Son was the sacrifice, and the Holy Spirit reveals the sacrifice. The brass of the altar typifies judgment upon sin (Rev. 16:7), and its horns reveal the power of the Lamb’s blood (Lk. 1:68-69; Jn. 1:29). The Golden Altar reveals Jesus Christ our great High Priest who ever lives to make intercession for us (Rom. 8:34; Heb. 7:25).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The way of life in Christ is the way of the cross–the life of sacrifice and self-denial (Jn. 14:6). Believers have been crucified with Christ (Rom. 6:6; Gal. 2:20). Man’s only approach to God is by way of blood sacrifice (Acts 4:12; Heb. 9:22; 1 Pet. 1:18-19). The Golden Altar of incense reveals prayer, praise, and worship in the life of the Christian (Psa. 141:2; Heb. 13:15; Rev. 8:3). We are to present our bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is our reasonable service (Rom. 12:1-2). Jesus warned, “And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after Me, cannot be My disciple” (Lk. 14:27).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 13:4; 22:9; 26:25; 33:20; 35:1-3; Ex. 17:15; 20:24-26; 27:1-8; 28:43; 29:36; 30:1-10; 40:6; Lev. 1:5; 2 Sam. 24:15-25; 1 Kg. 1:50-51; 2:28; Ezra 3:1-3; Neh. 10:34; Psa. 26:6; 43:4; 51:19; 84:3; 118:27; Isa. 6:6;

Joel 1:13; 2:17; Mal. 1:7, 10; 2:13; Matt. 5:23-24; 23:19; Lk. 1:11; 11:51; Acts 17:23; 1 Cor. 9:13; 10:18; Rev. 11:11.

26. AMALEK

PRIMARY MEANING: The flesh.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 36:12, 16; Ex. 17:8-16; Rom. 8:1-6; Gal. 5:17.

BASIC INFORMATION: Amalek, an Edomite chieftain, was the grandson of Esau. The Amalekites were an ancient wandering tribe whose main territory was in the Sinai peninsula and the southern Negev. “Amalek,” from the Hebrew “‘Amaleq” (Strong’s #6002) which means “a descendant of Esau,” has also been translated as “warlike, dweller in the vale, valley dweller.” Throughout the Old Testament the Amalekites were bitter enemies of Israel, first mentioned in the time of Abraham. Joshua later defeated them in the battle at Rephidim. In the time of the judges, the Amalekites and Midianites were defeated by Gideon’s army. The Amalekites continued to raid Israel in the days of Saul and David. During Hezekiah’s reign, men from the tribe of Simeon defeated the Amalekites and dispossessed them.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ overcame the world, the flesh, and the devil (Jn. 14:30; 16:33; Col. 2;15). As David defeated the Amalekites and recovered all (1 Sam. 30:18; 2 Sam. 8;12; 1 Chron. 18:11), Jesus was the sinless, overcoming One who secured every covenantal promise (Rom. 15:8; Heb. 4:15). Typified as well by the prophet Moses, the mediator of the law (Jn. 1:17; Acts 3:18-24; Gal. 3:19), Jesus Christ was lifted up on the cross and prevailed over the flesh (Ex. 17:11). He is “Jehovah-Nissi”–the Lord is our banner, flag, standard, and ensign (Ex. 17:15).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Like the Pattern Son, we are to get the victory over the flesh (Rom. 8:1-6; Gal. 5:17). We have been raised up and made to sit together with Him in the heavenlies, not to dwell in the valley (Eph. 2:6). God’s people have had war with Amalek from generation to generation (Ex. 17:16; Rom. 7:23). The secret of our victory is found “at the top of the hill”–Mount Calvary (Ex. 17:10). We are to exalt the Lord, to lift up the hands of our heavenly Moses, until Amalek is defeated with the edge of the sword, the Word of God (Ex. 17:11-13; Eph. 6:17; Heb. 4:12).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 14:7; Num. 13:29; 14:25; 43-45; 24:20; Deut. 25:17-19; Judg. 6:3, 33; 7:12-22; 1 Sam. 14:48; 15:1-33; 28:18; 30:1-20; 2 Sam. 1:1-17; 8:12; 1 Chron. 1:36; 4:39-43; 18:11; Psa. 83:7; Gal. 5:12-21.

27. AMBER

PRIMARY MEANING: The brilliance of the glory of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ezek. 1:4, 27; 8:2; Jn. 1:14; 2 Cor. 4:6; Heb. 1:3.

BASIC INFORMATION: Amber is fossilized resin formed from the sap of various trees. “Amber” is from the Hebrew “chashmal” (Strong’s #2830) which is of uncertain derivation, “probably bronze or polished spectrum metal.” “Chasmal” is rendered as “elektron” in the Septuagint, the Greek Old Testament, and is akin to the Hebrew “choshen” (Strong’s #2833), the word translated as “breastplate,” which means “to contain or sparkle; perhaps a pocket (as holding the Urim and Thummim).” Amber is yellowish-orange and can be polished to a high gloss.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the brightness of the glory of God the Father, like a fire enfolding itself (Ezek. 1:4; Jn. 5:26; Heb. 1:3). John explained, “The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father)” (Jn. 1:14). Ezekiel saw four living creatures emerge from the midst of God’s amber-colored glory–they had the appearance of a Man, and every one had four faces (Ezek. 1:4-5). The glory of God is revealed in the face of Jesus Christ (2 Cor. 4:6)–the Man of Ezekiel’s vision with four faces: Matthew saw Him as the “lion,” the king; Mark pictured Him as the “ox,” the servant of Jehovah; Doctor Luke saw Jesus as the “man,” the Son of man; and John’s gospel is a revelation of the “eagle,” the Son of God (Ezek. 1:10). Ezekiel saw the glory of God in the wind, the cloud, and the fire, prefiguring the glorious Spirit of the ascended Son poured out on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 1:5; 2:1-4, 33-36; Gal. 4:6). His glory shall be revealed in both Heaven, “His loins even upward,” and earth, “His loins even downward” (Ezek. 1:27; 8:2; Matt. 6:10; Rev. 21;1-11).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Christians are members of His glorious Church (Eph. 5:27). We have heard the glorious gospel, and Christ in us is the hope of glory (2 Cor. 4:4; Col. 1:27). Believers have been baptized in the Holy Ghost with the appearance of fire (Ezek. 1:27; Matt. 3:11; Acts 2:3). The apostle cried, “But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord” (2 Cor. 3:18). God’s people are strengthened with might by His Spirit in the inner man according to the riches of His glory (Eph. 3:16). When He shall appear, we shall appear with Him in glory (Col. 3:4).

FURTHER STUDY: See Ex. 16:7, 10; 24:16-17; 40:34-35; Lev. 9:6, 23; Num. 14:10, 21; 16:19, 42; 20:6; 1 Kg. 8:11; 2 Chron. 5:14; 7:1-3; Psa. 104:31; 138:5; Isa. 6:3; 60:2; Ezek. 43:4-5; 44:4; Hab. 2:14; Matt. 19:28; Lk. 2:9; 24:26; Acts 7:2, 55; Rom. 3:23; 5:2; 8:18; 1 Cor. 2:8; Phil. 2:11; 1 Tim. 1:17; 3:16; Heb. 2:9; 1 Pet. 1:8; 4:14; Rev. 4:9-11.

28. AMEN

PRIMARY MEANING: Oath, covenant; faith, faithfulness.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Psa. 89; Isa. 65:16; 2 Cor. 1:19-20; Rev. 3:14.

BASIC INFORMATION: “Amen” is a solemn word by which a person confirms a statement, oath, or covenant, or affirms an address, psalm, or prayer. “Amen” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘amen” (Strong’s #543) and means “sure; abstract, faithfulness; truly.” Translated in the King James Version as “Amen, so be it, truth,” it comes from the root “‘aman” (Strong’s #539) which means “to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain; to go to the right hand”–this is the Old Testament word for “faith” (believe, trust). In the New Testament, “amen” is transliterated from the Greek “amen” (Strong’s #281) and means “firm, (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (so be it).” “Amen” is also translated in the King James Version as “verily” (“verily, verily” is used in John’s Gospel 25 times).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is “the Amen, the faithful and true witness” (Rev. 3:14), the God of truth, literally, “the God of Amen” (Isa. 65:16; 1 Pet. 4:19). He is our merciful and faithful High Priest (Heb. 2:17). Paul assured us, “For all the promises of God in Him are yea, and in Him Amen, unto the glory of God” (2 Cor. 1:20; 1 Thess. 5:24). He is, literally, “the Amen God” who keeps covenant and mercy with His children (Deut. 7:9; 1 Cor. 1:9). God’s side of covenant is faithfulness; man’s side of covenant is obedience. Jesus said, “I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death” (Eph. 3:21; 1 Tim. 1:17; Rev. 1:18).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We have been called by the Lord to be a covenant people, knowing that without faith, it is impossible to please Him (Heb. 11:6). Believers respond to His covenantal embrace by lifting up their hands in worship (Neh. 8:6). He is to make us perfect in every good work to do His will, working in us that which is wellpleasing in His sight (Heb. 13:21). God is not looking for talent, but availability and faithfulness (1 Cor. 4:2; Gal. 5:22; 2 Tim. 2:2). The Church is to walk in unshakeable peace–unbreakable relationships.

FURTHER STUDY: See Deut. 27:15-26; 1 Chron. 16:36; Psa. 41:13; 72:19; 89:52; Isa. 49:7; Jer. 11:5; 28:6; Matt. 6:13; 28:20; Mk. 16:20; Lk. 24:53; Jn. 21:25; Rom. 1:25; 9:5; 11:36; 15:33; 16:20; 1 Cor. 14:16; 16:24; Gal. 6:18; Eph. 6:24; Phil. 4:20; 1 Tim. 6:16; 2 Tim. 4:18; Heb. 6:16-20; 1 Pet. 4:11; 2 Pet. 3:18; 1 Jn. 5:21; Rev. 1:6-7; 22:20-21.

29. AMETHYST

PRIMARY MEANING: Son of the right hand, exaltation.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 35:18; Ex. 28:19; 39:12; Rev. 3:21; 21:20.

BASIC INFORMATION: Amethyst is a transparent variety of quartz whose color varied from light to deep violet.

“Amethyst” is from the Hebrew “‘achlamah” (Strong’s #306) which means “dream-stone; a gem, probably the amethyst.” Its root “chalam” (Strong’s #2492) means “to bind firmly, to be (make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream.” The Greek word for “amethyst” is “amethustos” and means “not drunken.” Amethyst was the third stone in the third row of Aaron’s breastplate–on this ninth stone was engraven the name of the tribe of Benjamin. The amethyst was also included in the foundation of the New Jerusalem.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Each of the stones on Aaron’s breastplate reveal an aspect of His divine nature, our new nature in Christ (2 Pet. 1:4). “Benjamin” means “son of the right hand,” denoting a place of honor and authority. Mother earth named Jesus “Benoni” (son of sorrow), but the heavenly Father named Him “Benjamin” (Gen. 35:18). Jesus has been exalted to the right hand of God to make intercession for us (Rom. 8:34; Eph. 1:20-23). He purged our sins and sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high, from henceforth expecting until His enemies are made His footstool (Heb. 1:3-4; 10:13). Angels and principalities have been made subject unto Him (1 Pet. 3:22).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We have been raised up together, and made to sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus (Eph. 1:3; 2:6). The believer is to seek those things which are above, where Christ sits enthroned on the right hand of God (Col. 3:1). “To him that overcometh” is granted “the right” to sit with Him (Prov. 15:33; Rev. 3:21). Joseph, who was sold by his brethren, is a type of Jesus Christ, the favored Son. We are, like Benjamin, are called to be His full brothers (Rom. 8:29; Heb. 2:6-13). We sing a new song because His right hand and holy arm has gotten Him the victory (Psa. 98:1). The exalted Christ has shared His glory and authority with His Church.

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 48:13-18; Ex. 15:6; Lev. 8:13; Deut. 33:2; 1 Sam. 2:10; 1 Kg. 2:19; 1 Chron. 6:39; Psa. 16:8, 11; 18:35; 20:6; 73:23; 75:6; 80:15; 89:13, 25; 110:1-5; 118:5-6; Prov. 3:35; Song 2:6; Hab. 2:16; Lk. 14:11; Rom. 8:17, 30; Phil. 2:9; Heb. 1:13; 8:1; 12:2; 1 Pet. 5:5-6.

30. AMMON

PRIMARY MEANING: Mixture, compromise.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 19:30-38; Judg. 11-12; Mk. 7:13; 2 Cor. 6:14-7:1.

BASIC INFORMATION: Ammon is the name of a man and an ancient kingdom in the Old Testament. “Ammon” is from the Hebrew “‘Ammown” (Strong’s #5983) which means “tribal, inbred.” “Ammon” has also been translated as “a great people, an extensive people, a fellow countryman.” Ammon was the son of Lot by his younger daughter. The Ammonites dwelled north and east of Moab, and their capital city was Rabbah. Molech was the god of the Ammonites, whose worship was accompanied by human sacrifice. During the days of the Exodus, the Israelites were instructed by God not to associate with the Ammonites. In the times of the judges, Eglon, king of Moab, enlisted the aid of the Ammonites. During the monarchy, Saul saved Jabesh Gilead from Nahash, the Ammonite king. These enemies of God’s people were destroyed in the days of King Jehoshaphat.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is “the Truth” (Jn. 14:6; 17:17). In Him is light, no darkness at all (1 Jn. 1:5). Like the judge Jephthah who defeated the Ammonites, the Captain of our salvation was rejected by His brethren (Judg. 11:1-6; Jn. 1:11; Heb. 2:10). The greater Son of David conquered the mixture of this world (2 Sam. 8:12; Jn. 16:33; 1 Jn. 2:15-17). Totally committed to do the Father’s will, Jesus did not compromise (Lk. 12:50). The living Word is pure (see Psa. 12:6; 119:140; Prov. 15:26; 30:5).

APPLIED TO THE BELIEVER: Ammon was the product of an incestuous relationship. The Christian is to keep himself pure and unspotted from the world (2 Cor. 6:14-7:1; Jas. 1:27). Molech has become a national deity in America–he is called “abortion.” Godly parents will not sacrifice their children to the gods of secular humanism (Deut. 6:4-9; Eph. 6:4). Spiritual Ammonites are vagabonds and wandering stars (Jude 1:11-13). A godly Christian will have roots, established in his home and local church (Psa. 68:6; 1 Cor. 12:18; Heb. 10:25). He will not mix truth with tradition (Lk. 9:62; Col. 2:8).

FURTHER STUDY: See Lev. 18:21; Deut. 2:19; 3:11; 23:3; Josh. 13:10, 25; Judg. 3:13; 2 Sam. 11:1-11; 12:12; 1 Kg. 11:7, 33; 2 Kg. 23:13; 2 Chron. 20:1-2; Neh. 13:23; Psa. 83:7; Jer. 9:26; 49:1-2; Ezek. 25:10; Amos 1:13-15; Zeph. 1:5; 2:8-9; Acts 7:43.

31. AMORITES

PRIMARY MEANING: Pride.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 10:15-16; Josh. 24:8; Amos 2:9-10; Job 41:34; 2 Cor. 10:3-6.

BASIC INFORMATION: The Amorites were one of the major tribes of Canaan. The Old Testament frequently uses “Amorites” to speak of Canaanites in general. “Amorite,” from the Hebrew “‘Emoriy” (Strong’s #567), means “prominence; a mountaineer,” and has also been translated as “dwellers of the summits, highlanders.” When Israel invaded Canaan under Joshua, the first Israelite victories came against the Amorite kings Sihon and Og, who ruled the promised land east of the Jordan River.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the New Testament “Joshua” who conquered leviathan, the king of pride (Job 41:34; Isa. 27:1). He came to earth as the “Servant of Jehovah” (Isa. 42:1-5; Mk. 10:45) and made Himself of no reputation, suffering the humility of the cross (Phil. 2:1-11). Jesus gladly submitted to His earthly parents, the law, and especially to His Father’s will (Matt. 5:17-20; Lk. 2:51-52; Heb. 10:6-10). Luke wrote, “In His humiliation His judgment was taken away” (Acts 8:32-33). The One who ascended up to fill all things descended first into the lower parts of the earth (Eph. 4:9-10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The Amorites “dwell in the mountains” of pride (Num. 13:29). The weapons of our warfare are mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds, casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God (2 Cor. 10:3-6). The “five kings of the Amorites” (Josh. 10:5) point to the five natural senses, the source of man’s haughtiness. God hates a proud look (Prov. 6:16-17; Mk. 7:22). Like Jesus, we are called to overcome the pride of life and to put the devil, “king over all the children of pride,” under our feet (Job 41:34; Rom. 16:20; 1 Jn. 2:16).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 14:7; 15:16; Ex. 3:8; Deut. 1:27; Josh. 2:10; 5:1; Judg. 11:19-22; 1 Kg. 21:26; 2 Kg. 21:11; 2 Chron. 8:7; Ezra 9:1; Psa. 10:2-4; 31:20; 36:11; 59:12; 73:6; 135:11; 136:19; Prov. 8:13; 11:2; 13:10; 14:3; 16:18; 29:23; Ezek. 16:3, 45; Dan. 4:37; 5:20; Hos. 5:5; 7:10; Obad. 1:3; Zeph. 3:11; Zech. 11:3.

32. AMOS

PRIMARY MEANING: The Good Shepherd; the Burden-bearer.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Amos 1:1; 7:10-15; Isa. 53:4; Jn. 10:1-16.

BASIC INFORMATION: Amos was the famous shepherd-prophet who denounced the people of Israel the northern kingdom for their idol worship, corruption, and oppression of the poor. “Amos,” a derivative of the Hebrew root “‘amac” (Strong’s #6006), means “to load, impose a burden,” and has also been translated as “borne up, sustained, carried.” Amos was from Tekoa in Judah, about 10 miles south of Jerusalem. Israel had broken covenant to worship idols. Amos pleaded with the people to turn from their sin and to restore justice and righteousness in their dealings with others. Nothing is known about his later life or death.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the “Good Shepherd” who was made unto us righteousness (Jn. 10:11; 1 Cor. 1;30). He is Heaven’s “plumbline” set in the midst of His people (Amos 7:8; Jn. 1:1, 14). Jesus Christ the righteous is the divine measure, the criterion by which all men are judged (see Jn. 3:35; 5:22; Rom. 14:12; 1 Jn. 2:1). Jesus was not welcome among religious Pharisees and Sadducees–those who frequent “the king’s chapel” and “the king’s court” (Amos 7:13). Like Amos, He was a gatherer of sycomore fruit (Amos 7:14)–in the person of Zacchaeus (Lk. 19:1-10)! Jesus is the Burden-bearer who carried the load of the sin of the world, the One who bore our griefs and sorrows, once offered to bear the sins of many (Isa. 53:4; Jn. 1:29; Heb. 9:28).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Believers, made the righteousness of God in Christ (2 Cor. 5:21), have been apprehended to come to the measure of His fullness (Phil. 3:12-14; Eph. 4:13). God places a higher value on justice and righteousness than on temporal materialism, the things that money will buy–godliness with contentment is great gain (2 Cor. 4:17-18; 1 Tim. 6:6-10). The prophet cried, “Let judgment run down like waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream” (Amos 5:24). God uses ordinary men like Amos, who said, “I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet’s son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit: and the Lord took me as I followed the flock” (Amos 7:14-15). Amos prophesied that God would restore His end-time Church, the Tabernacle of David (Amos 9:11; Matt. 16:18; Acts 15:16).

FURTHER STUDY: See Prov. 2:7, 20; 3:32; 10:16, 21-32; 11:8-10, 21-31; 12:1-12; Neh. 4:17; Psa. 68:9; Isa. 46:3; Amos 6:1; 9:11-15; Matt. 4:6; 12:30; Lk. 6:44; Jn. 4:36; Acts 9:15; Rom. 5:19; 15:1; Gal. 6:2, 5, 17; 1 Tim. 1:9; 2 Tim. 4:8; Jas. 5:16; 1 Pet. 3:12; Rev. 16:5-7; 19:2.

33. ANAK

PRIMARY MEANING: Principalities in heavenly places.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Num. 13:22-33; Josh. 15:6-14; Rom. 8:38; Eph. 3:10; 6:12.

BASIC INFORMATION: Anak was a son of Arba, who gave his name to Kirjath-arba, or Hebron. “Anak,” derived from the Hebrew “‘anaq” (Strong’s #6060), means “a necklace (as if strangling),” and is translated as “chain” in the King James Version. Its verb form means “to choke, to collar.” “Anak” has also been translated as “long-necked, giant.” Anak had three sons, whose descendants were a race of giants called the Anakim.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, who came from the tribe of Judah (Heb. 7:14), is the heavenly “Joshua” and “Caleb” who spoiled principalities and powers, passing triumphantly through the heavens to be crowned and seated at the right hand of the Father (see Col. 2:15; Heb. 2:9; 4:14-16; 8:1-6). What once was “Kirjath-arba” (city of the giant) has become “Hebron” (united, joined together, friendship, brotherhood, company, league). Jesus stripped the devil of his power and established His Church–the redeemed community–in the blood of the New Covenant (Josh. 14:15; Heb. 2:14-18; 1 Jn. 3:8).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We were in bondage to the kingdom of darkness, strapped in the chains of sin (Eph. 2:1-3). Forgiven, cleansed, and set free by His blood, we have become new creatures in Christ Jesus (2 Cor. 5:17-21; Eph. 1:6-7). Jesus’ tribe and family has been given an incorruptible inheritance in the heavenlies (Eph. 1:3; 2:6; 1 Pet. 1:3-4). Unlike those who feared the Anakim and provoked the Lord (Num. 13:31-33; Heb. 3:7-19), we are called to be men of “another spirit” (Num. 14:24), to arise and say with Caleb, “Give me this mountain!” The Lord is with us, and we will drive out the giants (Josh. 14:12; Isa. 60:1; Mk. 16:15-20).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 6:4; Deut. 1:28; 2:10-11, 20-21; 3:11-13; 9;2; Josh. 11:21-22; 12:4; 13:12; 15:8; 17:15; 18:16; 21:11; Judg. 1:20; 1 Sam. 17; 2 Sam. 21:16-22; 1 Chron. 20:1-8; Job 16:14; Eph. 1:20-23; Col. 1:16; 2:10.

34. ANCHOR

PRIMARY MEANING: Stability, security; hope.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Acts 27:29-30, 40; Heb. 6:19-20; 1 Pet. 1:3; 2 Pet. 1:19.

BASIC INFORMATION: An anchor is a heavy object on a ship cast overboard to hold the vessel in a particular place. “Anchor” is from the Greek “agkura” (Strong’s #45) which means “an “anchor” (as crooked). It is derived from “agkos” which means “a bend; an arm (as curved).” Compare the English word “ache.” Sometimes large stones were used to make anchors.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, our living hope, is the Anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, having entered into that which is within the veil (Heb. 6:19-20; 1 Pet. 1:3). Jesus, the Arm of the Lord (Isa. 51:9; 53:1; Jn. 12:38), is “sure” (secure, safe) and cannot fail. The Surety of the New Testament is the “stedfast” (stable, firm) One. The root word for “stedfast” in Hebrews 6:19 is “basis”–Jesus, the Rock of ages, is the “everlasting foundation” (Prov. 10:25; Matt. 7:24-27; 1 Cor. 3:9-11). Paul added, “He is before all things, and by Him all things consist” and are held together (Col. 1:17). Jesus is in the boat, the Anchor in the midst of every storm (Matt. 8:23-27; 14:22-33; Lk. 8:24-25).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The Word of God is sure, keeping us safely anchored during the storms of life. Acts 27 is a sweeping panorama of the end times. Four principles unlock its message to all men:

1. The wind is the Holy Spirit. The Hebrew “ruach” and the Greek “pneuma” mean “wind, spirit, breath” (Psa. 148:8).

2. The storm is the Day of the Lord, consistently pictured throughout the Book of Psalms and the Prophets (see Psa. 29; Isa. 60; Joel 2; Zeph. 1; Mal. 4)

3. The ship is a world system headed for the rocks (1 Jn. 2:15-17).

4. Paul is the overcoming Christian and apostolic Church who endures all things (Rev. 3:21; 21:7).

The blowing of the wind of God is predeterminately sovereign (Acts 27:1). Men have cast four anchors out of the stern, wishing for the day (Acts 27:29), but there is no stability in fleshly wisdom and strength. Luke wrote, “And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed themselves unto the sea” and wind (Acts 27:40; Heb. 3:14). Those who have been given a more sure word of prophecy need not fear (2 Pet. 1:19). We can confidently endure unto the end because our Anchor holds (Matt. 24:13; Heb. 10:39)!

FURTHER STUDY: See Psa. 55:22; 62:5-6; Isa. 28:16; Jer. 17:7-8; Zech. 4:9; Mk. 6:53; Lk. 6:48-49; Acts 11:23; 16:5; 20:24; Rom. 4:16; 1 Cor. 15:58; 2 Cor. 1:7; Phil. 3:1; Col. 1:23; 2:5; 2 Tim. 2:19; Heb. 2:2-4; 3:6; 6:1-3; 2 Pet. 1:10.

34. ANCIENT OF DAYS

PRIMARY MEANING: The eternal person and throne of Christ.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Dan. 7:9, 13, 22; Heb. 1:10-12; 13:8; Rev. 1:8, 11.

BASIC MEANING: “Ancient of Days” is a name for God used by the prophet Daniel, who portrayed God on His throne, judging the great world empires. “Ancient” is from the Hebrew “‘attiyq” (Strong’s #6268) which means “venerable.” It is derived from “attiyq” (antique) and the primitive root “athaq” (to grow old). The Almighty is also called the “everlasting” God. This is the Hebrew word “‘olam” which means “concealed, time out of mind, remotest time, eternity, perpetuity.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus’ person and throne are from everlasting (Psa. 93:2; 102:24-27). He is “Alpha and Omega,” the beginning and the ending (Isa. 44:6; Rev. 1:8, 11; 21:6; 22:13). Born in Bethlehem’s manger, His goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting (Mic. 5:2; Matt. 2:5-6). Jesus is the same, and His years shall not fail (Heb. 1:10-12; 13:8). The “ways” of the One who is “the Way” are everlasting (Hab. 3:6; Jn. 14:6). His priesthood and kingship are immutable and eternal throughout the generations (Isa. 9:6-7; Lam. 5:19; Lk. 1:30-33). His dominion is an everlasting dominion (Dan. 4:34; Heb. 9:12). With Him is all wisdom (Job 12:12; Col. 2:3).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We worship the Savior and eternal King to whom is all honor and power everlasting (1 Tim. 1:17; 6:15-16). That eternal Life who was with the Father has been manifested unto us (Jn. 1:1-18; 11:25; 1 Jn. 1:1-2). Isaiah cried, “The high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity” has given us everlasting life (Isa. 57:15; Jn. 3:16). Moses proclaimed the eternal God to be our Refuge, and underneath are His everlasting arms (Deut. 33:27). His glorious Church will be made an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations (Isa. 60:15). The Bible’s definition of “life eternal” is to know Him (Jn. 17:3).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 21:33; Deut. 33:15; Job 36:26; Psa. 9:7; 102:12; Prov. 22:28; Isa. 40:28; 46:10; 51:9; Jer. 18:15; Hab. 1:12; Rom. 1:20; 2:7; 5:21; 6:23; 16:26; 2 Cor. 4:17-18; 5:1; Eph. 3:11; Heb. 1:11; 5:9; 7:16; 9:14-15; 1 Pet. 5:10; 1 Jn. 5:11-13, 20.

36. ANGEL OF THE LORD

PRIMARY MEANING: Jesus Christ in the Old Testament.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 16:7-13; Ex. 3:2-6; 1 Chron. 21:1-30; Mal. 3:1.

BASIC MEANING: The Angel of the Lord is a mysterious messenger of God in the Old Testament, sometimes described as the Lord Himself. This is called a Theophanie (an appearance of God) or Christophanie (appearance of the pre-incarnate Christ). “Angel” is from the Hebrew “mal’ak” (Strong’s #4397) which means “to dispatch as a deputy; a messenger, specifically, of God; an angel (also a prophet, priest, or teacher).” Called either the Angel of the “Lord” (Yahweh) or the Angel of “God” (Elohim), the phrase is always in the singular. The Angel of the Lord brought revelation, deliverance, and even destruction.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: The “Angel of the Lord” was the pre-incarnate Christ. As Heaven’s principal Messenger, He is the Prophet like unto Moses (Deut. 18:15; Acts 3:22-23), the Priest similar to Melchisedec (Heb. 6:20), and the Teacher come from God (Jn. 3:2). Jesus Christ is the “Messenger of the covenant,” the Word made flesh, sent from Heaven to reveal the Father (Mal. 3:1; Jn. 1:1-18). As the Logos of God, the faithful Messenger is the sum total of everything God wanted to say to man (Prov. 25:13; Jn. 1:1, 14; Heb. 8:1-2).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We are to consider the Apostle and High Priest of our confession, fully authorized to bear the name of the One who sent Him (Matt. 28:18-20; Heb. 3:1). Jesus is our Savior, Protector, and Judge (Jn. 5:22; Acts 4:12)–the One who guides us through the wilderness of spiritual adolescence to the land of promise (Prov. 3:5-6; Jn. 14:6; 16:13). He is the Messenger of the New Covenant who washed us from our sins in His own blood (Rev. 1:5). Believers are blessed to read the Book of Revelation, the unveiling of this mighty Angel (Rev. 1:3).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 22:11, 15; Num. 22:22-35; Judg. 2:1-4; 6:11-12, 21-22; 13:3, 13-21; 2 Sam. 24:16; 1 Kg. 19:7; 2 Kg. 1:3, 15; 19:35; Psa. 34:7; 35:5-6; Isa. 37:36; Hag. 1:13; Zech. 1:11-12; 3:1-6; 12:8; Mal. 2:7; Acts 7:30.

37. ANOINTING

PRIMARY MEANING: That which is authorized, consecrated, set apart; divine glory, presence, equipping, and blessing.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Isa. 61:1-3; Lk. 4:17-21; Jn. 3:34; Acts 10:38; Gal. 4:6; Col. 1:27.

BASIC INFORMATION: To anoint is to consecrate and ordain a person or thing for a particular office, function, or service. “Anointing” is from the Hebrew “mishchah” (Strong’s #4888) which means “unction (the act); a consecratory gift.” Its root “mashach” (Strong’s #4886) means “to rub with oil, to anoint; by implication, to consecrate; also to paint; smear.” The phrase, “the Lord’s anointed,” referred especially to the king’s office. In the Old Testament, prophets, priests, and kings were anointed by pouring oil on their heads. The Hebrew term for Jesus as God’s anointed is “Messiah” (equivalent to “Christ” in the New Testament). The Greek words for “anointing” and “anoint” are “chrisma” and “chrio” (Strong’s #5545, 5548) and mean “to smear or rub with oil, to consecrate to an office or religious service.” In the New Testament, anointing was frequently used in connection with healing and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is Prophet, Priest, and King–”the Lord’s anointed” (1 Sam. 16:6). Just as David was anointed three times–as exalted son (1 Sam. 16:13), head (2 Sam. 2:4), and king over all (2 Sam. 5:3)–so the greater Son of David fulfilled the type (Matt. 3:17; Eph. 1:22; Rev. 19:16). The Captain over the Lord’s inheritance (1 Sam. 10:1; Heb. 2:10) was anticipated by the Psalmist, “God hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows” (Psa. 45:7; Acts 10:38; Heb. 1:9). The anointing that rested upon Messiah was seven-fold, the Spirit in fullness (see Isa. 11:1-2; Jn. 3:34; Rev. 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6). In the synagogue at Nazareth, Jesus declared Himself to be earth’s Jubilee, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He hath anointed Me…to preach the acceptable year of the Lord” (Isa. 61:1-3; Lk. 4:17-21).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We have been filled and anointed with the Holy Spirit (Eph. 5:17-18). Paul revealed that God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts (Gal. 4:6)–Christ in you, the hope of glory (Col. 1:27). The “Anointed One” within the believer is a prophet declaring God unto men, a priest bringing men unto God, and a king ruling in God’s name (2 Cor. 1:21-22; Rev. 1:6; 5:10). The Apostle John explained this unction from God, “The anointing which ye have received of Him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man teach you: but as the same anointing teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in Him” (1 Jn. 2:20, 27).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 31:13; Ex. 28:41; 29:7, 36; 30:26; 40:9-15; Lev. 8:10; Num. 7:1; 26:9-11; 2 Sam. 22:51; 1 Kg. 1:34; 19:16; 2 Chron. 6:42; Psa. 23:5; 89:20; 92:10; Dan. 9:24-27; Mk. 6:13; Acts 1:5; 2:1-4; 4:27; 10:44-46; 19:1-6; Rom. 8:23; 1 Cor. 12-14; 2 Cor. 1:21-22; Eph. 1:13-14; Jas. 5:14; 1 Jn. 4:13.

38. ANT

PRIMARY: Work, industry; wise organization.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Prov. 6:6-8; 30:25; Matt. 9:37-38; Jn. 4:14, 17:4.

BASIC INFORMATION: Approximately 100 species of ants live in the Holy Land, especially the harvester ant. “Ant” is taken from the Hebrew “nemalah” (Strong’s #5244) which means “an ant (probably from its almost bisected form).” Its root “namal” (Strong’s #5243) means “to become clipped or circumcised.” These tiny insects settle near grain fields, carrying seed into their private storehouses. In cold weather the ants cluster together and hibernate with food stored up until the next harvest. Socially and militarily organized, the ants have nests that are elaborately constructed. These wise workers have amazing instincts.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the divine Ant, the Lord of the harvest (Matt. 9:37-38), sent from Heaven to do the will of the Father and to finish His work (Jn. 4:34; 9:4). He is our Priest who came to do the work in the tabernacle of the congregation (Num. 4:3). Like Moses who mediated the law, Jesus was the New Testament Mediator who died for our sins and finished the work (Ex. 40:33; Jn. 1:17; 19:30). He is also the Creator of whom the Psalmist declared, “Of old hast Thou laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of thy hands” (Psa. 102:25; Jn. 1:1-3).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The ministry is spelled “work.” Solomon declared, “He that winneth souls is wise” (Prov. 11:30). Christians are reapers and harvesters (Prov. 6:8). Every believer is to be equipped to do the work of the ministry (Eph. 4:12). In the Day of the Lord, the divine fire shall try every man’s work of what sort it is (1 Cor. 3:14-15). We are to be steadfast, unmovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord (1 Cor. 15:58). From the time of Adam in the garden, God has desired creativity and productivity (Gen. 1:26-28; Col. 1:10). Jesus said, “The harvest truly is great…pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that He would send forth labourers into His harvest” (Matt. 9:37-38; Lk. 10:2).

FURTHER STUDY: Gen. 2:2; Ex. 14:31; 20:9; 25:31; 28:6; Psa. 8:3; 44:1; 64:9; 77:12; 90:17; 111:2-3; 119:126; Prov. 6:9; 10:26; 13:4; 20:4; 26:16; Hab. 1:5; 3:2; Hag. 1:14; 2:4; Mk. 6:5; Jn. 5:17; 6:28-30; 7:21; 9:4; 10:33; Acts 13:2; 13:41; 14:26; Phil. 1:6; 2:12; 1 Thess. 4:11; 2 Thess. 3:10; 1 Tim. 3:1; 2 Tim. 4:5; Heb. 6:10; Rev. 22:12.

39. APPLE

PRIMARY MEANING: Jesus Christ, the living Word of God.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Prov. 25:11; Song 2:3; 7:8; 8:5; Jn. 1:1-18; 6:63.

BASIC INFORMATION: The apple tree has rough bark and pink blossoms. “Apple” is from the Hebrew “tappuwach” (Strong’s #8598) which means “an apple (from its fragrance), the fruit or the tree (probably including others of the pome order, as the quince or the orange).” Many authorities believe the apple tree to be apricot, a shade tree nearly 30 feet in height, having a strong, invigorating perfume. Other authorities suggest the quince, peach, citron, orange, or some other fruit; some believe it was the apple. The apple tree was described as sweet and fragrant, golden, and suitable for shade.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the “apple tree” of the Song of Solomon (Song 2:3; 7:8; 8:5)–our satisfaction and shelter. He is the Word fitly spoken (Prov. 25:11; Jn. 1:14). His words are as “gold” (the divine nature); they are Spirit, and they are life (Jn. 6:63). Our King is constant and sure–the Tree of life–while the other trees of the forest are subject to the whims of the weather. His life and ministry was predetermined (Heb. 10:6-10), fixed in a setting of redemption, symbolized by “silver.” Jesus, the Pattern Son, the incarnate law of God, was the “apple” of His Father’s eye, greatly “beloved” (Prov. 7:2; Matt. 3:17; 17:5).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Jesus Christ is our “Beloved.” We sit down under His shadow with great delight, and His fruit is sweet to our taste (Song. 2:3-5). Eating God’s Word will enable us to grow up and “go up” to His stature, to acquire mature discernment–the smell of His nose like apples (Song. 7:8; Eph. 4:15). Every Christian is to be raised up under the apple tree, under tutors and governors, the five-fold ministry to whom has been given the stewardship of His Word (Song 8:5; Gal. 4:1-2; Eph. 4:11-16). The apple is used figuratively to show how precious we are to God, and how extremely sensitive He is to our wants. As the apple (pupil) of His eye, we are cherished by God–He knows our every need (Psa. 17:8; 23:1; Phil. 4:19).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 21:8; Deut. 32:10; 1 Sam. 2:21, 26; 3:19; 2 Sam. 5:10; Psa. 34:8; 104:34; 119:103-105; Prov. 7:2; Jer. 15:16; Lam. 2:18; Joel 1:12; Zech. 2:8; Matt. 6:28, 33; Mk. 4:27; Lk. 2:40, 51-52; Acts 7:17; 12:24; 19:20; Phil. 4:12-13; Heb. 4:12; 1 Pet. 2:2; 2 Pet. 3:18.

40. APRONS

PRIMARY MEANING: Man’s religious attempts to cover sin.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 3:7, 21; Psa. 32:1-2; Prov. 14:12; Isa. 59:6; Acts 4:12; Heb. 9:22.

BASIC INFORMATION: The aprons worn by Adam and Eve were loincloths or girdles which apparently covered only the front of one’s body. “Aprons” is from the Hebrew “chagowr” (Strong’s #2290) and means “a belt (for the waist).” Also translated as “armor or girdle” in the King James Version, its verb form means “to gird on (as a belt, armor).” The New International Version translates “aprons” as “coverings” (the Hebrew word for “atonement” is “kaphar” and means “to cover over”).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: The fig-leaf aprons were the first of man’s “many inventions” to weave a covering (a religious front) for his sin (Eccl. 7:29). But without the shedding of blood, there is no remission or forgiveness (Heb. 9:22). Jesus Christ alone is our “propitiation” (mercy-seat), through whom we have received the atonement (Rom. 5:11). It is the blood alone that atones for sin (Lev. 17:11). As the “Way” and the “Door” (Jn. 10:7; 14:6), Jesus is the only valid entry into the realm of spirit. Luke declared, “Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved” (Acts 4:12).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We cannot gird ourselves; another must gird us (Jn. 21:18). The prophet explained, “For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it” (Isa. 59:6). Jesus Christ alone has washed us from our sins in His own blood (Jn. 1:29; Rev. 1:5). We have “put off” the old man (apron) and “put on Christ,” the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness (Gal. 3:27-29; Eph. 4:22-24). Believers are to gird up the loins of their minds, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought at the revelation of Jesus Christ (Lk. 12:35; 1 Pet. 1:13).

FURTHER STUDY: See Lev. 14:51-52; 2 Sam. 18:11; 20:8; 1 Kg. 2:5; 2 Kg. 3:21; Job 9:29-31; Isa. 3:24; 28:20; 32:11; Joel 1;13; Matt. 3:4; Mk. 1:6; Lk. 12:37; 17:8; Jn. 13:4-5; Acts 12:8; 21:11; Rom. 5:9; 1 Cor. 3:11; Eph. 1:7; 1 Tim. 2:5-6; 1 Jn. 5:11-12; Rev. 1:13; 15:6.

41. ARARAT

PRIMARY MEANING: Man’s resting-place in Christ.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 8:4; Matt. 11:28-30; Jn. 14:27; Eph. 2:14; Heb. 4:1-9.

BASIC INFORMATION: Ararat is the mountainous region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea where Noah’s Ark rested when the Flood subsided. “Ararat” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘Ararat” (Strong’s #780) which means “Ararat (or rather Armenia).” Some have translated “Ararat” as “sacred land, high or holy ground; the curse is reversed.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is “our peace,” our place of rest. He has broken down every wall and abolished in His flesh all enmity of the law of commandments contained in ordinances (Eph. 2:14-17). Mountains symbolize kingdoms–Jesus, the King of peace, has shared His rest with men (Jn. 14:27; Heb. 7:2). The Ark “rested” (to settle down, remain, be quiet) in the seventh month on the 17th day of the month (Gen. 8:4). Jesus was crucified on the Passover (the 14th day), and was resurrected three days later! His Ascension is also seen in that the Ark rested on the “mountains” of Ararat–Jesus sat down on high at the right hand of the Father, the Mediator of a new and better Covenant (Heb. 8:1-6). Like the creatures in the Ark, all nations shall gather to Him, and His rest shall be glorious (Isa. 11:10).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: There is a covenantal “rest’ that is given and a “rest” that is found (Matt. 11;28-30). In our initial salvation experience, we were given rest and peace through the forgiveness of sins (Eph. 1:6-7). Paul affirmed, “Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ” (Rom. 5:1). The full measure of rest–the peace “of” God (Phil. 4:7; Col. 3:15)–is yet to be discovered in our maturity in Christ (Eph. 4:13). There remains a rest to the people of God. We must labor to enter into the high calling of that Sabbath experience (Phil. 3:12-14; Heb. 4:9-11).

FURTHER STUDY: See 2 Kg. 19:37; 2 Sam. 7:11; Song 1:7; Isa. 28:12; 37:38; 60:19-20; 63:14; Jer. 31:2; 51:27; Ezek. 44:30; Jn. 16:33; Rom. 8:6; 14:17; 16:20; Phil. 4:7; Gal. 5:22; Eph. 4:3; Heb. 3:11-4:9; Rev. 21:4.

42. ARAUNAH (ORNAN)

PRIMARY MEANING: The foundation of God’s House.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 2 Sam. 24:18-25; 1 Chron. 21:18-26; 2 Chron. 3:1; Matt. 7:24-27; 1 Cor. 3:9-11; Heb. 6:1-3.

BASIC INFORMATION: Araunah (Ornan) was a Jebusite prince who owned a threshing floor on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem, the same place where Abraham had offered up Isaac. “Araunah” or “Ornan” is transliterated from the Hebrew “‘Ornan” (Strong’s #771) which means “strong.” Compare “‘oren” (the ash tree, from its toughness) and the primitive root “ranan” (to creak or emit a stridulous sound; to shout for joy). “Araunah” has also been translated as “pine of Jah, Jehovah is firm;” and “Ornan” as “active, tumultuous noise, rejoicing.” King David purchased Ornan’s threshing floor, which later became the building site for Solomon’s Temple.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, the greater Son of David, paid the full price to stop the plague of sin and death (2 Sam. 24:24; 1 Chron. 21:22-24), and became the sure foundation of the New Testament Temple, His Church (Isa. 28:16; 1 Cor. 3:9-11; 2 Tim. 2:19). He was the whole burnt Offering given by the Father (Jn. 3:14-17). In His crucifixion, Jesus was betrayed by Judas for the price of thirty pieces of silver (see Zech. 11:12-13; Matt. 26:15; 27:3, 9; Acts 1:18-19). Jesus saw the Church, the “one pearl of great price,” then went and sold all that He had, and bought it (Matt. 13:46).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The Church is the Virtuous Woman whose price is far above rubies (Prov. 31:10-31; Eph. 5:22-33). Peter testified that we were “not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold,” but with “the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot” (1 Pet. 1:18-19). The tragic story of Ananias and Sapphira teaches us to give God all, to glorify Him in our bodies and spirits (Acts 5:2-3; 1 Cor. 6:20). Jesus Christ the righteous is our everlasting foundation (Prov. 10:25). As the Temple of the Holy Spirit, we are to build our lives and ministries on Him (Matt. 7:24-27; 1 Cor. 3:11-17; Heb. 6:1-3).

FURTHER STUDY: See Deut. 15;14; 23:18; Ruth 3:1-6; 2 Sam. 6:6; 1 Kg. 5:17; 6:37; 10:28; Ezra 3:6-12; Job 28:13, 18; Prov. 27:26; Isa. 44:28; 55:1; Joel 2:24; Zech. 4:9; Matt. 3:12; 7:24-27; Lk. 3:17; 1 Cor. 7:3; 1 Pet. 3:4.

43. ARK (MOSES’)

PRIMARY MEANING: The preservation of godly leadership.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 1:15-22; 2:1-6; Matt. 2:16; 2 Cor. 11:29-33; Heb. 11:23.

BASIC INFORMATION: Moses’ ark was a small basket-like vessel in which Moses was hidden by his mother to preserve him from Pharaoh’s slaughter. “Ark” is from the Hebrew “tebah” (Strong’s #8392) which means “box.” The basket was made of woven papyrus reeds and sealed with a tar-like pitch.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Moses mediated the law (Jn. 1:17; Gal. 3:19); Jesus Christ is the Mediator of the New Covenant (1 Tim. 2:5). God preserved His servant Moses as a baby from Pharaoh’s diabolical attempt to kill the promised deliverer, prefiguring Jesus being saved from Herod’s devilish plot to destroy the promised Seed (Ex. 1:16, 22; Matt. 2:13, 16). As Moses was hid three months by his parents, so Jesus was kept secluded in the carpenter’s shop in Nazareth until the time of His public ministry (Matt. 3:13-17; Lk. 2:40-52; Acts 7:17-22). Jesus came to preserve life in the earth unto His heavenly Kingdom (Gen. 45:5-7; 2 Tim. 4:18; Jude 1:1).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We have died to sin, and our lives are hidden with Christ in God (Col. 3:1-3). The Psalmist promised that the Lord will protect His “hidden ones” in His pavilion, “in the secret of His tabernacle” (Psa. 27:5; 83:3). As Moses and Paul were preserved in a basket, godly leadership has been bound unto the will of God, partakers of hidden riches and wisdom (Isa. 45:3; 1 Cor. 2:7; 2 Cor. 11:29-33). God has purposed to preserve us alive (Deut. 6:24; Josh. 24:17). The prophetic Word of the Lord will keep His people (Hos. 12:13). The psalmist declared, “The Lord shall preserve thee from all evil: He shall preserve thy soul” (Psa. 121:7-8; 1 Thess. 5:23).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 6:14; 32:30; 1 Sam. 12:11; 1 Sam. 19:9-18; 30:23; 2 Sam. 8:6, 14; Job 29:2; Psa. 4:8; 16:1; 17:8; 25:21; 31:20; 37:28; 40:11; 51:6; 64:2; 119:117; Prov. 4:6; 18:10; 20:28; 29:25; Isa. 18:2; 26:3; 29:20-21; 31:5; 48:6; 49:8; Acts 9:22-25; 12:1-11; 1 Pet. 3:4; Rev. 2:17.

44. ARK (NOAH’S)

PRIMARY MEANING: Salvation, security and preservation in Christ.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 6:14-17; Matt. 24:37-41; Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:20-21.

BASIC INFORMATION: Noah’s Ark was a vessel built by Noah to save him, his family, and the animals from the Flood. “Ark” is from the Hebrew “tebah” (Strong’s #8392) which means “box.” The Ark was constructed of gopherwood or cypress, noted for its lightness and durability (used extensively in shipbuilding by the Phoenicians). Noah’s Ark was 300 cubits long, 50 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high–about 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. The Ark was constructed with three “decks,” or stories. When the time came for judgment, God Himself shut its door. The waters subsided after the Flood, and the Ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus spoke of the Flood and Noah’s Ark, comparing the days of Noah with the time of the coming of the Son of Man (Matt. 24:37-41; Luke 17:26-27). Noah’s Ark is a striking illustration of Jesus Christ, who preserves His house and family from the flood of divine judgment (Heb. 11:7). The “gopher wood” typifies His humanity (Heb. 2:14-18). The Ark was sealed inside and out with “pitch” (Gen. 6:14)–”kaphar” (the Hebrew word for “atonement”) which means “to cover.” The Ark had only one “door” and one “window” for light (Gen. 6:16)–Jesus Christ is the “Door of the sheep” and the “Light of the world” (Jn. 8:12; 10:7-9). The dimensions of Noah’s boat are most significant:

1. Noah’s Ark was 300 cubits long, the Bible number which denotes complete deliverance (see Gen. 5:22; Judg. 7:7-22; 1 Kg. 10:17; Mk. 14:3-6).

2. Noah’s Ark was 50 cubits wide, the Bible number signifying anointing, Pentecost, or Jubilee (Lev. 25; Acts 2:1-4).

3. Noah’s Ark was 30 cubits high, the Bible number for priestly authority and maturity (see Gen. 41:46; 2 Sam. 5:4; 1 Kg. 6:2; Lk. 3:23; Eph. 4:13).

These numbers reveal Jesus Christ in full authority and priestly stature, anointed to be the deliverance of God in the earth (Lk. 4:14-19; Acts 10:38). The multi-leveled decks of Noah’s Ark reveal Jesus Christ in three realms (paralleling the Outer Court, Holy Place, and Most Holy Place of Moses’ Tabernacle, as well as the Feasts of the Lord)–Jesus is Savior in Passover, Baptizer in Pentecost, and Lord in Tabernacles (Ex. 25:40; Deut. 16;16).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We are safe in Christ, protected and sealed by the blood of the Passover Lamb (Ex. 12:12-14; Rom. 8:34-39). The Flood bringing an end to Noah’s world is a figure of water baptism washing away our old life (Acts 2:38; 1 Pet. 3:20-21). Noah’s Ark had many “rooms” (Gen. 6:14), the Hebrew word for “nests, chambers, or dwellings”–in Him there is a place for each of us (Psa. 84:7; Jn. 14:2, 23; 1 Cor. 12:27). The length, breadth, and height of Noah’s Ark reveal a glorious Church in full authority and priestly stature, anointed to bring God’s deliverance to creation (Acts 1:1; 1 Jn. 4:17). There are three dimensions of our maturity in Christ–we are born again, Spirit-filled, then mature (Jn. 3:1-8; Acts 2:1-4; 1 Cor. 13:8-13).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 45:5-7; Deut. 6:24; Josh. 24:17; 2 Sam. 8:6, 14; Psa. 4:8; 16:1; 32:7; 41:2; 121:7-8; Prov. 2:11; 20:28; 21:31; 24:6; Isa. 31:5; 49:6-8; Hos. 12:13; Matt. 9:17; Lk. 5:38; 17:33; Acts 2:38; Col. 3:1-3; 1 Thess. 5:23; 2 Tim. 4:18; 2 Pet. 2:5; Jude 1:1.

45. ARK OF THE COVENANT

PRIMARY MEANING: The glory and presence of God’s throne.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 25:10-22; Rom. 3:25; Eph. 1:20-23; Col. 2:9; Heb. 4:14-16; Rev. 3:21.

BASIC INFORMATION: The Ark of the Covenant with its mercy seat was the most important sacred object of the Israelites in their Old Testament history. “Ark” is from the Hebrew “‘arown” (Strong’s #727) which means “box,” also translated as “coffin” (Gen. 50:26) and “chest” (2 Kg. 12:9-10; 2 Chron. 24:8-11) in the King James Version. The parallel Greek word “kibotos” means “a wooden box, a chest” (Heb. 9:4; Rev. 11:19). The Ark of the Covenant was also known as:

1. The ark of shittim wood (Ex. 25:10).

2. The ark of the testimony (Ex. 25:22).

3. The ark of the Lord (Josh. 4:11).

4. The ark of the covenant of God (Judg. 20:27).

5. The ark of the God of Israel (1 Sam. 5:7).

6. The ark of Thy strength (2 Chron. 6:41).

7. The holy ark (2 Chron. 35:3).

The Ark of the Covenant was the only article of furniture in the innermost room, or Holy of Holies, of Moses’ tabernacle and Solomon’s Temple. The Ark was a “coffin,” or chest 2 1/2 cubits long, 1 1/2 cubits wide, and 1 1/2 cubits deep. Built and fashioned by Bezaleel, the Ark was made of acacia or shittim wood overlaid inside and outside with pure gold. It had four rings of gold through which staves (carrying poles) were inserted. The Ark had a slab or cover of pure gold known as the mercy seat and a gold molding or crown surrounding the top edge. Standing at opposite ends of the mercy seat and of one piece with it were two angelic statues called cherubim, facing each other with wings outstretched above. Within the Ark were the two stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments, the golden pot of manna, and Aaron’s rod that budded. The Ark crossed the Jordan and was carried around Jericho in the days of Joshua. It was later stolen by the Philistines, then recovered. The Ark of the Covenant remained at Kirjath-jearim until David brought it to Jerusalem. Finally, Solomon established it in the Holy of Holies of his temple. The Ark disappeared with Nebuchadnezzar’s destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the embodiment of the Ark of the Covenant, “all the fulness of the Godhead bodily” (Col. 1:19; 2:9; Rev. 19:16). He overcame the world, the flesh, and the devil–His eternal victory has been secured (Jn. 14:30; 16:33; Rom. 15:8; Rev. 3:21). Like the Ark, Jesus has been crowned with glory and honor (Heb. 2:9). He is our “Propitiation,” literally, our “mercy seat” (Rom. 3:25). The Ark of the Covenant in the midst of Israel (when camped and on the march) prefigures the abiding presence of Jesus Christ by the Spirit in the midst of the redeemed (Matt. 18:18-20; 28:20; Heb. 13:5). It contents reveal Jesus’ absolute righteousness and perfect obedience (the unbroken tables of the law), His being the Manna from Heaven (the Bread of life), and God’s chosen Priest (Aaron’s rod that budded). The throne of judgment has become “the throne of grace”–the mercy seat–the place from which Jesus Christ operates His more excellent ministry as king and priest after the order (manner) of Melchisedec (Heb. 4:15-16; 6:20; 8:1-6).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Believers have been called to share the glory of His throne (Rev. 3:21). Jesus has entered within the veil for us, made a High Priest forever after the order of Melchisedec (Heb. 6:19-20). The New Testament Church is His “royal priesthood” (1 Pet. 2:9). John declared that He has “made us unto our God kings and priests, and we shall reign on the earth” (Rev. 1:6; 5:10). There is a high calling and prize for those who overcome (Phil. 3:12-14; Rev. 2:26-28; 21:7). The cherubim in union with the mercy seat reveal the sons of God glorified and redeemed (Ezek. 1; Isa. 8:18; Heb. 2:6-13). The Ark divided the Jordan and backed the waters to the city “Adam;” the nation of Israel entered the promised land two thousand cubits later (Josh. 3:1-4, 16). Jesus Christ rent the veil and conquered death, opening the heavenlies; two thousand years later, His Glorious Church will possess the promise of God (Matt. 27:51; 2 Pet. 1:3-4)! Joshua cried, “Sanctify yourselves, for tomorrow the Lord will do wonders among you” (Josh. 3:5; Jer. 33:3)!

FURTHER STUDY: See Ex. 30:26; 37:1-9; Num. 2:17; 4:5-6; 10:29-36; Deut. 31:9-26; Josh. 3-4; 1 Sam. 4-6; 1 Kg. 8; 1 Chron. 13-15; Psa. 132:8; Isa. 42:1-5; Jer. 3:14-17; Matt. 5:17-20; Jn. 5:22; 6:48; Heb. 9:4; Rev. 1:13; 11:19.

46. ARM

PRIMARY: Power, strength, might.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Isa. 53:1; 59:16; Jer. 32:17; Jn. 12:38; Acts 1:8.

BASIC INFORMATION: In the Bible, the arm is frequently used as a symbol of God’s power, strength, or might. “Arm” is from the Hebrew “zerowa’” (Strong’s #2220) which means “the arm (as stretched out)” and the primitive root “zara’” (Strong’s #2232) which means “to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify.” “Zerowa’” has also been translated as “power, strength, help.” The most common reference of God’s “arm” is to His deliverance during the Exodus, when He redeemed Israel from bondage in Egypt.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is “the Arm of the Lord” who brought salvation (Isa. 53:1; 59:16; 63:5). Jeremiah declared, “Ah Lord God! Behold, Thou hast made the heaven and the earth by Thy great power and stretched out arm, and there is nothing too hard for Thee” (Jer. 32:17). God has redeemed us by his great power (Ex. 6:6; Psa. 77:15; Gal. 3:13-14). Jesus, the Son, at the right hand of the Father, is the Light of the world (Psa. 44:3; Jn. 8:12; Eph. 1:20-23), whose countenance is like the sun shining in its strength (Rev. 1:16). John exclaimed, “Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength” (Rev. 5:12).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The apostle declared, “When we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly” (Rom. 5:6). As the redeemed of the Lord, we are kept by the arm of His strength (Isa. 62:8). In the New Covenant, Jesus, the Arm of the Lord, has been revealed, and we have believed His report (Jn. 12:38). As with the Psalmist, we love the Lord our Strength, and our Redeemer (Psa. 18:1-2; 19:14). The power of His Spirit is the strength of our lives, a very present help in trouble (Psa. 27:1; 46:1; Acts 1:8). Our strength is made perfect in weakness as we grow in grace, from glory to glory, from faith to faith, “from strength to strength” (Psa. 84:7; Rom. 1:17; 2 Cor. 3:18). The apostle proclaimed, “Be strong in the Lord, and in the power of His might” (Psa. 89:13; Eph. 6:10).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 49:24; Ex. 15:16; Deut. 4:34; 33:20; Job 31:22; 40:9; 71:18; Psa. 18:34; Song 8:6; Isa. 17:5; 30:30; 35:3-4; 40:31; 51:9; 63:12; Jer. 21:5; 32:21; Lk. 1:51; 2:40; Acts 13:17; 2 Cor. 12:10; 1 Jn. 4:4.

47. ARMORBEARER

PRIMARY MEANING: Putting on Christ.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Judg. 9:54; 1 Sam. 14:6-17; Rom. 13:11-14; Eph. 4:22-32; 6:10-18.

BASIC INFORMATION: An armorbearer was a servant who carried additional weapons for commanders. “Armorbearer” is from two Hebrew words: “nasa” (to lift) and “keliy” (Strong’s #3627) which means “something prepared, any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel, or weapon).” The judge Abimelech, Prince Jonathan and captain Joab had armorbearers. David was once Saul’s armorbearer. After the enemy was wounded by their masters, armorbearers were responsible to finish the job. Armorers (smiths and leather workers) are mentioned in the days of Saul. Hebrew soldiers used shields, helmets, breastplates of scale-like plates, and greaves (leg armor).

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ, the greater Son of David, was the armorbearer for the heavenly Father, being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, upholding all things by the word of His power (1 Sam. 16:21; Heb. 1:3). Jesus is the “armor of light” that believers are to put on (Jn. 8:12; Rom. 13:11-14). He is also Heaven’s Armorer, outfitting and equipping his Church to bear His image (Rom. 13:11-14; 1 Cor. 15:49). King Jesus ascended His throne and sent the five-fold ministry to arm and equip His Church (Eph. 4:8-16).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We are to put on Christ–the “armor of light”–to bear the image of the heavenly (Rom. 13:11-14; 1 Cor. 15:49; Gal. 3:27-29). Paul taught, “The weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds” (2 Cor. 10:4). Believers are admonished to put on the whole armor of God (Eph. 6:11, 13). Yoked together with Christ, we are called to follow hard after Him (1 Sam. 14:13-14; Matt. 11:28-30). Jesus gave satan a death blow on Calvary; as His armorbearers, we are to finish the job (Acts 1:1; Rom. 16:20; 2 Cor. 2:14)!

FURTHER STUDY: See Lev. 26:7-8; Josh. 23:10; Psa. 18:29; 45:13; Prov. 31:21-25; Isa. 11:5; 61:3; Matt. 22:11; 25:36; Mk. 5:15; Lk. 24:49; 1 Cor. 15:53-54; 2 Cor. 5:1-5; Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10-14; Heb. 11:34; 1 Pet. 5:5; Rev. 1:13.

48. ARMORY

PRIMARY: Hidden riches and treasures.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 2 Kg. 20:13; Neh. 3:19; Song 4:14; Jer. 50:25; Col. 2:3.

BASIC INFORMATION: An armory was an official storehouse, or treasury, for military weapons. “Armory,” from the Hebrew “‘owtsar” (Strong’s #214) which means “a depository,” is translated in the King James Version as “armory, cellar, garner, store (-house), treasure (-house). It comes from the primitive root “‘atsar” (to store up). Another Hebrew word for “armoury” is “nesheq” (Strong’s #5402) which means “military equipment, arms, an arsenal.” Its root “nashaq” means “to equip with weapons.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is God’s “battle axe and weapons of war”–the One who has broken nations and kingdoms (Jer. 51:20; Dan. 2:44-49). He is Heaven’s Armory–all things are stored up and summed up in Him (Heb. 8:1). In Him are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge (Col. 2:3). The Church has been armed with His nature (the fruit of the Spirit) and His ministry (the gifts of the Spirit). Jesus, the Pattern Son, is the “hidden wisdom” (1 Cor. 1:30; 2:7) and the “hidden manna” (Jn. 6:48; Rev. 2:17). The Spirit of Christ is “the hidden Man of the heart” (Col. 1:27; Gal. 4:6; 1 Pet. 3:4).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Believers have been blessed with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ (Psa. 23:1; Eph. 1:3). The ascended Lord has opened to us His good treasure and “His hand”–”gifts” to equip the Church (Deut. 28:12; Psa. 145:16; Eph. 4:8-16). We have been fully furnished with every bit of His armor (Eph. 6:10-18). As heirs of God, our stores been filled with divine riches (Psa. 33:7; Prov. 8:21). The fear of the Lord is our treasure, the hidden riches of secret places (Isa. 33:6; 45:3; 2 Cor. 4:7). The Bride of Christ has been built “for an armoury, wherein there hang a thousand bucklers, all shields of mighty men” (Song 4:14; Eph. 6:16; Heb. 11). To reciprocate these covenantal blessings, we are to bring all the tithes into His “storehouse” (Prov. 3:9-10; Mal. 3:10).

FURTHER STUDY: See Josh. 6:19, 24; 1 Kg. 7:51; 1 Chron. 9:26; 26:20; 27:25-28; 2 Chron. 5:1; 32:37; Neh. 10:38; 13:12-13; Job 28:20-21; Psa. 51:6; 135:7; Prov. 2:4; Isa. 39:2; 45:3; 48:6; Jer. 50:25; Dan. 1:2; Matt. 12:35; 13:44, 52; Rom. 11:33; Eph. 3:9.

49. ARROW

PRIMARY MEANING: Covenantal direction and purpose; conviction.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 2 Kg. 3:14-19; Job 6:4; Psa. 38:2; Isa. 49:2; Zech. 9:14.

BASIC INFORMATION: The arrow was the destructive agent of a bow. “Arrow” is from the Hebrew “chets” (Strong’s #2671) which means “a piercer, an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively (of God), a thunder-bolt.” Compare the two primitive roots “chatsats” (to chop into, to curtail) and “chatsah” (to cut or split in two, to halve). Note also that “darak” (Strong’s #1869) means “to tread, by implication, to walk; also to string a bow (by treading on it in bending).” Translated in the King James Version as “archer, bend (the bow),” this latter Hebrew word illustrates the principle of covenant. Moreover, the “bow” (rainbow) in the cloud and the “bow” (and arrow) are the same word. The arrow was a long, slender shaft of wood with a tip of sharp stone or metal. To draw ancient war bows required a pull of 100 pounds. The arrows could pierce almost all armor.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ was “the Arrow of the Lord’s deliverance” (2 Kg. 13:17), drawn from the Father’s quiver and directed by the Father’s desire (Jn. 1:14-18; 8:29). His mission already predetermined by the everlasting covenant, He came to do the Father’s will (Psa. 110:1-4; Heb. 10:6-10; 13:20). Jesus, the living Word, is the “sharp sword” and the “polished shaft” (Isa. 49:2; Heb. 4:12; 5:7-9). His arrows are sharp in the heart of His enemies–the nations fall at His feet (Psa. 45:5).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: In Christ, we are the covenantal seed of Abraham (Gal. 3:27-29). The sons of God are “sharp arrows of the mighty,” directed by the hand of the Holy Spirit and sent to do the will of God (Psa. 120:4; Rom. 8:14; Eph. 4:11). We who are of the tribe of Judah have been selected, placed, and bent as a bow (Zech. 9;13; Heb. 7:14). God’s children are bright arrows in the hand of their Father who “go forth as the lightning” (Psa. 127:4; Jer. 51:11; Zech. 9:14). In the Psalms, arrows also speak of conviction–”For Thine arrows stick fast in me, and Thy hand presseth me sore” (Psa. 38:2). “For the arrows of the Almighty are within me” (Job. 6:4).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 9:13-16; 21:20; 49:23; Num. 24:8; Deut. 11:24-25; Josh. 1:3; 1 Sam. 31:3; 2 Sam. 11:24; 1 Chr. 5:18; 8:40; 10:3; 2 Chron. 14:8; Job 16:13; Psa. 18:14; 45:5; 58:7; 64:7; 76:1-3; 77:17; 144:6; Isa. 5:28; 21:15; Jer. 9:3; 46:9; 50:14, 29; 51:3; Lam. 2:4; 3:12; Hab. 3:11; Zech. 9:10, 13.

50. ASAPH

PRIMARY MEANING: The chief singer.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 1 Chron. 6:31-39; 16:1-7; Psa. 50, 73-83; Hab. 3:19.

BASIC INFORMATION: Asaph was a Levite and the son of Berachiah the Gershonite. “Asaph” is from the Hebrew “‘Acaph” (Strong’s #623) and means “collector.” It is taken from a primitive root which means “to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive.” “Asaph” has also been translated as “gatherer, harvester, assembler.” Asaph, a chief singer and recorder, sounded cymbals before the Ark of the Covenant when it was moved from the house of Obed-Edom to Jerusalem. This chief musician was an igniter that lit each flame, reproducing himself in his sons. Asaph’s family became one of the three families given responsibility for music and song in the Temple. Following the Captivity, 128 singers from this family returned from Babylon and conducted the singing when the foundations of Zerubbabel’s temple were laid. Twelve psalms (Psalms 50, 73-83) are attributed to the family of Asaph.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the “Chief Singer” (Hab. 3:19) as well as the “Chief Cornerstone” and “Chief Shepherd” who stands on the right hand (1 Chron. 6:39; 1 Pet. 2:6; 5:4). The spirit of the Son sings praise to the Father in the midst of the Church (Psa. 22:22; Gal. 4:6; Heb. 2:12). No one ever sobbed like the Lamb of God, and no one can sing like Jesus! As fire from Heaven, He is the true Light who lights every man that comes into the world (Jn. 1:9). Our great and merciful High Priest ministers before the Father continually, as every day’s work requires (1 Chron. 16:37; Rom. 8:34; Heb. 7:25).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We are the “brethren” of our heavenly Asaph (1 Chron. 16:7; 25:7; Rom. 8:29). Those who sob with Him will sing with Him (Rom. 8:17). We are “the sons of Asaph” who can prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals (1 Chron. 25:1; 1 Cor. 14:1, 31; Eph. 5:19). Paul admonished us to express worship through psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, “singing and making melody” in our hearts to the Lord (Eph. 5:19). All is to be done according to the king’s order (1 Chron. 25:6; 1 Cor. 14:40). Believers have been arrayed in white linen, the righteousness of saints (2 Chron. 5:12; Rev. 19:8).

FURTHER STUDY: See 1 Chron. 9:15; 15:14-19; 25:1-9; 2 Chron. 20:14; 29:13, 30; 35:15; Ezra 2:41; 3:10; Neh. 7:44; 11:17, 22; 12:35, 46; Amos 9:11-12; Acts 15:14-18; Col. 3:16; Heb. 13:15; 1 Pet. 2:5; Rev. 19:10.

51. ASHER

PRIMARY MEANING: Happiness, the joy of the Lord.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 30:13; 49:20; Josh. 17:7; Neh. 8:10; Jn. 15:11; Rom. 14:17.

BASIC INFORMATION: Asher was the eighth son of Jacob, the second by Leah’s maidservant, Zilpah. “Asher,” transliterated from the Hebrew “‘Asher” (Strong’s #836), means “happy.” Its primitive root means “to be straight (especially to be level, right, happy); figuratively, to go forward, be honest, proper.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Leah, the mother of Asher, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, both declared themselves blessed (Gen. 30;13; Lk. 1:48). Jesus is the “blessed” or “happy” God (1 Tim. 1:11). The bread of the heavenly Asher is from Heaven, yielding “royal dainties,” fit for a king (Gen. 49:20; Jn. 6:48; Eph. 1:3). Jesus has been blessed with children, many sons (Deut. 33:24; Isa. 8:18; Heb. 2:6-13). Paul declared, “For the joy that was set before Him,” Jesus endured the cross (Heb. 12:2). He has dipped His foot in oil (Deut. 33:24; Acts 10:38) and His vesture in blood (Rev. 19:13).

Jesus declared, “These things have I spoken unto you, that My joy might remain in you” (Jn. 15:11).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: The joy of the Lord is our strength (Neh. 8:10). Overcoming Christians who know His joy go forth each day to battle, being expert in war (1 Chron. 12:36). His joy remains in us that our joy might be full (Jn. 15:11). The Kingdom of God is “righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost” (Acts 13:52; Rom. 14:17), and the fruit of the Spirit is joy (Gal. 5:22-23). Knowing that His strength will enable us to finish our course with joy, we rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory (Acts 20:24; 1 Pet. 1:8). He alone is able to keep us from falling, to present us faultless before the presence of His glory with exceeding joy (Jude 1:24).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 35:26; 46:17; Ex. 1:4; Num. 1:13, 40-41; 2:27; 7:72; 10:26; 13:13; 26:44-47; 34:27; Deut. 27:13; Josh. 17:7-11; 19:31-34; 21:6, 30; Judg. 1:31; 5:37; 6:35; 7:23; 1 Kg. 4:16; 1 Chron. 2:2; 6:62, 74; 7:30, 40; 2 Chron. 30:11; Ezek. 48:2-3, 34; John 3:29; 16:20-24; 17:13; Acts 2:28; 8:8; 13:52; 15:3; 20:24.

52. ASHES

PRIMARY MEANING: A finished work or vanquished foe; also, a sign of mourning.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 27:3; Lev. 6:10-11; Dan. 9:3; Jn. 19:30.

BASIC INFORMATION: Ashes are the powdery residue of burned material. Two Hebrew words are translated as “ashes”: “‘epher” (to bestrew, ashes) and “deshen” (the fat; specifically, the fatty ashes of sacrifices). The latter is taken from the primitive root “dashen” (Strong’s #1878) which means “to be fat, to fatten, to anoint.” The ashes that remained after the sacrifice of animals as burnt offerings were carried away and disposed of by a priest.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ died on the cross, defeated the devil, and cried, “It is finished” (Jn. 19:30)! As the ashes of the Levitical sacrifices were carried aside “unto a clean place” (Ex. 27:3; Lev. 6:10-11), so His body was laid aside in the tomb of Joseph of Arimathaea (Matt. 27:57-60; Mk. 15:43-46). The ashes of the old animal sacrifices and the blood of the Lamb were poured out “without the camp” (Lev. 4:12; Heb. 13:12). The altars of both Testaments were clothed in purple (Num. 4:13; Mk. 15:17; Heb. 13:10)!

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We are to present our bodies as a “living sacrifice” (Rom. 12:1-2). As the whole burnt offering was completely consumed, we are to offer all to God (Matt. 6:33). We used to be idolaters, feeding on ashes (Isa. 44:20). Now we are new creatures in Christ, having been given beauty for ashes (Isa. 61:3). Paul admonished, “Let us go forth unto Him without the camp, bearing his reproach’ (Heb. 13:13). There are times of brokenness and intercession, when, like the prophet Daniel, we must set ourselves to seek the Lord by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes (Dan. 9:3).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 18:27; Ex. 9:8-10; Lev. 1:16; Num. 19:9-10, 17; 2 Sam. 13:19; 1 Kg. 13:3-5; 20:38; 2 Kg. 23:4; Esth. 4:1-3; Job 2:8; 30:19; 42:6; Psa. 102:9; 147:16; Isa. 58:5; Jer. 6:26; 25:34; Lam. 3:16; Ezek. 28:18; Jonah 3:6; Mal. 4:3; Matt. 11:21; Lk. 10:13; Heb. 9:13; 2 Pet. 2:6.

53. ASS (DONKEY)

PRIMARY MEANING: The burden-bearer.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 49:11-15; Isa. 53:4; Matt. 21:1-7; Gal. 6:1-2.

BASIC INFORMATION: The ass or donkey was used from the remotest antiquity as a beast of burden. “Ass” is from the Hebrew “chamowr” (Strong’s #2543) and means “a male ass (from its dun red).” Its primitive root “chamar” means “to boil up; hence, to ferment (with scum); to glow with redness; to smear with pitch.” “Wild” (lonesome) donkeys, headstrong and untamed, also roamed the land, but the domesticated donkey was an obedient servant. His true role was to serve as a work animal–trampling seed, turning the millstone to grind grain, and pulling the plow.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the chief Burden-bearer, having borne our griefs and carried our sorrows (Isa. 53:4; Matt. 8:17), bearing our sins in His body on the tree (1 Pet. 2:24). Paul added, “Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many” (Heb. 9:28). To fulfill Scripture, our King came into Jerusalem “riding upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass” (Zech. 9:9; Matt. 21:1-7). We can cast all our cares upon the strong shoulders of Him who upholds all things by the word of His power (Isa. 9:6-7; Heb. 1:3; 1 Pet. 5:7).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Two crosses put us to death: His and ours! Each man must humbly and obediently deny himself, take up his cross daily, and follow Jesus (Matt. 16:24; Lk. 9:23). Before we were saved, our nature was like that of Ishmael, “a wild ass alone by himself” (Gen. 16:11-12; Hos. 8:9). But we cast our burden upon God and were redeemed by a Lamb (Ex. 34:20; Psa. 55:22; Gal. 3:13-14), then bridled by the Holy Spirit (Prov. 26:3; Gal. 5:17). As the ass’ colt (son), we are now bound in covenant to “the choice Vine” (Gen. 49:11; Jn. 15:1-7). His yoke is easy and His burden is light (Matt. 11:30). In a day when the strength of the bearers of burdens (intercessors) is decayed (Neh. 4:10), we must bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ (Rom. 15:1; Gal. 6:2).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 22:3; 32:5; 49:14; Lev. 19:9; Deut. 22:10; 2 Sam. 18:9; 1 Kin. 1:33; 18:5; Ezra 2:66; Job 24:3; 39:5; Isa. 1:3; 21:7; 30:24; 32:20; Jer. 22:19; 23:20; Hos. 8:9; Zech. 14:15; Mk. 11:2; Lk. 13:15; 14:5; Jn. 12:14; 2 Pet. 2:16.

54. ASSYRIA

PRIMARY MEANING: The perpetual enemies of God’s people.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Gen. 2:14; 10:11, 22; 2 Kg. 19:35.

BASIC INFORMATION: Assyria was a kingdom between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers that dominated the ancient world from the ninth century to the seventh century B.C. “Assyria” is from the Hebrew “‘Ashshuwr” (Strong’s #804) and means “successful.” Its primitive root “‘ashar” means “to be straight (especially to be level, right, happy).” The Assyrians were the rod of Jehovah’s correction who conquered and carried captive the northern kingdom of Israel in 722 B.C. King Sennacherib of Assyria later planned an attack on Jerusalem, but his army was struck by a plague, ministered by “the angel of the Lord.” The Hebrew people harbored deep-seated hostility against this nation and its principal city Nineveh, as revealed in the Book of Jonah.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: The “Angel of the Lord” is a mysterious messenger of God in the Old Testament, sometimes described as the Lord Himself (Ex. 3:1-6). Jesus Christ is the pre-incarnate Angel of the Lord, the “Messenger of the covenant” who has delivered us from the Assyrian (Mic. 5:5-6; Mal. 3:1; Jn. 1:1-18). He has made Nineveh a desolation, having destroyed the works of the devil (Zeph. 2:13; 1 Jn. 3:8). As the rightful Seed of Abraham, Jesus has possessed the gate of His enemies (Gen. 22:17; Matt. 1:1; Gal. 3:16). The greater son of David has saved us from the hand of all that hate us (Lk. 1:71). He is the gracious God made flesh, merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness (Jon. 4:2) The Savior is ever ready to forgive, plenteous in mercy unto all them who call upon Him (Psa. 86:5; 1 Jn. 1:9).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Like Jonah, we have been called to love our enemies, those who make tumult and take crafty counsel against God and His people (Psa. 83:2-3, 8)–”enemies of the cross of Christ” (Phil. 3:18). In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught us to “love your enemies, do good to them which hate you, bless them that curse you, and pray for them which despitefully use you” (Lk. 6:27-28). We must remember that we ourselves were at one time alienated and enemies in our minds by wicked works (Col. 1:21). When we refuse to retaliate and take vengeance, the pride of Assyria shall be brought down (Zech. 10:11).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 25:18; Num. 24:22-24; 2 Kg. 15:19; 16:7-10; 17:4; Psa. 130:4; Isa. 10:5; 66:6; Hos. 8:9; 14:3; Mic. 7:12; Nah. 3:18; Zech. 10:10; Matt. 5:44-48; 6:12-15; 18:21-22; Acts 5:31; 13:38; 26:18; 2 Cor. 2:6-11; Eph. 1:6-7; Col. 2:14.

55. ATHALIAH

PRIMARY MEANING: False religion.

KEY SCRIPTURES: 2 Kg. 8:26; 11:1-21; 2 Chron. 22:10-23:21; Prov. 7; Rev. 17-18.

BASIC INFORMATION: Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel of Israel, was the queen of Judah for six years. “Athaliah” is from the Hebrew “‘Athalyah” (Strong’s #6271) and means “Jah has constrained.” “Athaliah” has also been translated as “Jehovah is strong, Jehovah suspends, distress or affliction of Jehovah.” She married King Jehoram of Judah, who reigned only eight years and was succeeded by his son Ahaziah (who died after only one year). Desiring the throne for herself, Athaliah ruthlessly killed all her grandsons except the infant Joash, who was hidden in the house of the Lord for six years. In the seventh year, the high priest Jehoiada declared Joash the lawful king of Judah and Athaliah was put to death.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Just as Jehoida the High Priest overthrew the plans of Athaliah, the wicked woman who had broken up the house of God (2 Chron. 24:7), so Jesus Christ toppled the tables of the moneychangers (Matt. 21:12-13). Athaliah prefigures “the mother of harlots,” the queen of false religions who shall be judged in one day (Rev. 17:5; 18:7-9). Athaliah arose and destroyed all the royal seed (2 Kg. 11:1). Satan is “the god of this world” (2 Cor. 4:4) whose false seed of religious mixture is at enmity with the Truth (Gen. 3:15; Jn. 14:6). Like Athaliah’s reign of “six years” (2 Kg. 11:3), man has labored for “six days,’ or six thousand years (Ex. 20:9; 2 Pet. 3:8). Little King Joash, a type of Jesus Christ, the rightful king, came to the throne in the seventh year, the sabbath (2 Kg. 11:4, 12). All false religion will eventually be destroyed “with the sword beside the king’s house” (2 Kg. 11:20; Eph. 6:17; Heb. 4:12).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Athaliah is the “strange woman” of the Book of Proverbs (Prov. 7:5), in contrast with the “virtuous woman,” a picture of the true Church (Prov. 31:10-31). The High Priest Jehoida took five men into covenant with him to overthrow Athaliah, a powerful picture of the five ministries sent by Jesus to equip the true Church (2 Chron. 23:1; Eph. 4:11-13). Athaliah was tormented when all the people of the land rejoiced and sounded trumpets with the singers and instruments of music (2 Chron. 23:13; Psa. 150). So false religion is hearing “the noise of the people running and praising the King” (2 Chron. 23:12; Heb. 13:15). Those who follow the ways of Athaliah shall be slain with the sword (2 Chron. 23:14; Rom. 6:23; 8:1-6). As the people of Judah went into the house of Baal and broke it down, we are to cast down imaginations, and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge (Word) of God (2 Chron. 23:17; 2 Cor. 10:3-6).

FURTHER STUDY: See Gen. 11:1-9; 12:1-3; Josh. 24:14-15; 1 Kg. 18:21-24; 2 Chron. 22:2; Prov. 2:16; 5:3, 20; 6:24; 20:16; 23:27; 27:13; Isa. 1; Matt. 15:9; Mk. 7:13; Rom. 1:18-25; 2 Cor. 2:17; 6:14-7:1; Gal. 4:1-2; Col. 2:8; 2 Thess. 2:1-12; 2 Tim. 3:1-7; Rev. 17-18.

56. AUL (AWL)

PRIMARY MEANING: The heart of a servant (bondslave).

KEY SCRIPTURES: Ex. 21:1-6; Deut. 15:17; Psa. 40:6; Isa. 42:1-5; Phil. 2.

BASIC INFORMATION: Awls were used by carpenters and leatherworkers to punch holes. “Aul” is from the Hebrew “martsea’” (Strong’s #4836) and means “an awl.” The primitive root “ratsa’” (Strong’s #7527) means “to pierce” and is translated in the King James Version as “bore.” The Old Testament slave had an ear lobe pierced as a sign of his willingness to serve his master forever–the earmark of a love-slave. Archaeologists have found such tools to be about six inches long, made of iron or bronze, coming to a sharp conical point. The Greek word that expresses these thoughts is “doulos” (Strong’s #1401) which means “a slave; one who gives himself up to the will of another.”

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the perfect Servant of Jehovah (Isa. 42:1-5) who delighted to do the will of the Father, pierced for man’s sin (Psa. 22:16; Jn. 19:34-37). He is pictured as an Ox (burden-bearer) throughout the Gospel of Mark, the One who came to minister, to give His life a ransom for many (Mk. 10:45). The Hebrew slave loved his “master,” his “wife” and his “children” (Ex. 21:5)–Jesus loves His Father, His Bride (the Church), and His sons (Jn. 8:29; Heb. 2:13; Rev. 21:9). The boring of the ear was a symbol of obedience and perpetual servitude (Psa. 40:6-8; Heb. 10:6-10). The Messiah was not rebellious, but gave His back to the smiters (Isa. 50:5-6). The Lord Jesus forever carries about in His body the marks of His obedience (Zech. 13:6; Jn. 20:25-27; Rev. 1:7). The Mind of Christ is the mind of a humble servant. Jesus “humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross” (Phil. 2:6-8).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Prior to Isaiah 53 (predicting Jesus’ crucifixion), the word “servant” is singular; beginning with Isaiah 54:17, the “Servant” became an army of “servants” when the Seed planted in death came forth in resurrection (Jn. 12:24)! The heart of all true ministry is that of a servant–we love our Master (Jesus), our wife (the Church), and our children (spiritual offspring). Pierced through by the dealings of the cross, we have been marked for God (Gal. 6:17; Rev. 14:1-5). As exampled by Timothy and Epaphroditus, we are to have “the mind of Christ,” the mind of humility (Phil. 2:5, 19-30; 1 Pet. 5:5). Our ear is to be joined in covenant to Him who is “the Door” (Jn. 10:7). We don’t serve the Lord because we have to–we want to!

FURTHER STUDY: See Lev. 25:39-42; Job 41:4; Isa. 48:8; 52:13; 53:11; 56:6; 63:17; 65:8-9, 13-15; 66:14; Mk. 16:20; Lk. 2:49-52; 22:27; Jn. 6:38; 13:1-30; Rom. 1:1; 6:16-20; 15:3; Gal. 4:1, 7; Eph. 6:5-8; Phil. 1:1; Col. 3:22; Heb. 5:7-9; Rev. 1:1; 7:3; 15:3; 22:3, 6.

57. AXE

PRIMARY MEANING: The anointed Word or the anointing.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Deut. 19:5; 2 Kg. 6:5; Jer. 51:20; Eph. 6:17; Heb. 4:12.

BASIC INFORMATION: The axe was primarily used as an agricultural tool or a weapon of war. The root word for “axe” is “garaz” (Strong’s #1629) and means “to cut off.” These iron chopping tools were used to clear forests, to cut wood, and to cut and shape stone. As a weapon, there were battle axes (the axe mace or war club) or hatchets of various kinds which could pierce armor. The scepter, a symbol of authority used by ancient kings probably had its origin in the war mace.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ is the anointed Word, “the Sword of the Spirit” (Jn. 1:1, 14; Eph. 6:17; Heb. 4:12). Messiah, the Anointed One (Lk. 4:18; Acts 10:38), is Heaven’s “battle Axe” (Jer. 51:20; Matt. 3:10; Lk. 3:9). He has destroyed every foe and is now the One who tills and shapes the lives of men. Out of His mouth goes a sharp twoedged sword (Rev. 1:16; 2:16; 19:15). God alone can pierce the hardness of our hearts. His is a scepter of righteousness (Heb. 1:8). King Jesus has been given all executive authority in heaven and in earth (Matt. 28:18).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: We must submit our lives (our land) to the cutting edge of the Word of God. The apostle taught that “weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds” (2 Cor. 10:4). We must stay sharp through prayer and our study of the Word of God lest we lose or have to borrow the anointing (2 Kg. 6:5). The letter to the Hebrews declares, “For the Word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart” (Psa. 149:6; Heb. 4:12).

FURTHER STUDY: See Deut. 20:19; Judg. 9:48; 1 Sam. 13:20-21; 1 Kg. 6:7; 1 Chron. 20:3; Psa. 74:5-6; 119:9, 67, 89, 105, 130, 133; Prov. 1:22-23; Isa. 10:15; 41:15-16; 44:12; Jer. 10:3; 46:22; Ezek. 26:9; Mic. 4:13; 2 Cor. 10:3-6; Eph. 6:10-18; 2 Tim. 2:15.

58. AZAZEL (SCAPEGOAT)

PRIMARY MEANING: Vicarious, substitutionary sacrifice.

KEY SCRIPTURES: Lev. 16:8, 10, 26; Isa. 53:6; Jn. 3:16; Heb. 9:28.

BASIC MEANING: “Azazel” is rendered as “scapegoat” in the King James Version. It is transliterated from “‘aza’zel” (Strong’s #5799) which means “goat of departure; the scapegoat.” “Azazel” is a combination of two words: “‘ez” (a she-goat, as strong or stout) and “‘azal” (to go away, disappear). It has also been translated as “the goat of removal; banish, separate, send away.” Aaron confessed all the sins of Israel over the scapegoat and then sent it into the wilderness on the Day of Atonement, symbolically taking away their sins. The other goat was sacrificed as a part of the sin offering.

FULFILLED IN CHRIST: Jesus Christ typifies both goats on the Day of Atonement: He is the Lord’s Goat who died to reconcile (Heb. 9:1-14; 13:11-13), and the Scapegoat who lived to reconcile (Rom. 5:10). He is our Sin Offering, the Lord’s goat, who was killed at the cross (Jn. 3:14-16). Isaiah prophesied of Heaven’s Scapegoat, “All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all” (Isa. 53:6). The Savior died for our sins and then carried them away (Psa. 103:3, 12; Jn. 1:29). The Word made flesh was presented alive before the Lord to make an atonement (Lev. 16:10). His soul was made an offering for sin (Isa. 53:10). His entire life and ministry was led by “the hand of a fit man”–the Holy Spirit (Lev. 16:21; Matt. 4:1; 27:31). All the blood offerings of the Old Testament prefigure Jesus’ once-and-for-all sacrifice of Himself, “for it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins” (Heb. 10:4).

APPLIED TO THE CHRISTIAN: Our transgression and guilt were transferred to the head of the divine Goat who gave Himself for our sins as a ransom for all (Lev. 16:21-22; Gal. 1:4; 1 Tim. 2:6). John testified, “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends” (Jn. 15:13). Moses revealed that “life” of the flesh is in the blood (Lev. 17:11); this is “nephesh,” the Hebrew word for “soul.” Man is a trichotomy: spirit, soul, and body (1 Thess. 5:23). His soul is his intellect, emotions, and will–what he thinks, feels, and wants. Like the blood of the Lord’s goat that was shed within the veil (Lev. 16:15), prefiguring Him who was led as a sheep to the slaughter (Acts 8:32), true sons are led by the same Spirit to pour out their lives in the presence of God for others (Rom. 8:14; Gal. 5:18). John explained, “Hereby perceive we the love of God, because He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren” (1 Jn. 3:16).